The recent changes in the development of Russian metropolises lead to the growing disparities in the infrastructural, environmental, functional characteristics of urban areas and various kinds of spatial inequalities. The development of a methodology for studying the territorial differentiation of metropolises in the aspect of unequal conditions for the population's life becomes increasingly relevant. The theoretical research model proposed by the author is based on a sequential synthesis of three approaches – morphological, social-functional, and environmental. From the standpoint of the morphological approach, the choice of the initial structural units of analysis – residential territories is substantiated. Microdistricts as territories with functional and environmental homogeneity prove to be optimal for comparison of residential units. In accordance with the choice of the morphological unit, a different interpretation of the classical functional principle of urban zoning is proposed. The transition from the type of functionality to socio-functional saturation in the aspect of key processes of the population's life (habitation, work, leisure) allows building a hierarchy of urban microdistricts – from mono- to multifunctionality. In turn, the urban environment in the totality of its constituent elements (natural and artificially created, material and non-material) provides practical opportunities for the satisfaction of various population needs. Thus, a comprehensive positional assessment of microdistricts is determined by the socio-functional saturation and quality of environment for the implementation of needs and practices of citizens (vital, daily routine, communicative, cultural, educational, recreational and consumer).

Keywords: metropolis, territorial differentiation, morphological, socio-functional and environmental approaches, quality of the urban environment.

Olga V. Notman – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Applied Sociology, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, e-mail: o.v.notman@urfu.ru.

1. Buedenbender M., Zupan D. The Evolution of Neoliberal Urbanism in Moscow, 1992–2015. Antipod, 2017, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 294–313.
2. Smirnov N. Zombi-manifest neoliberal'nogo urbanizma [Zombie manifesto of neo-liberal urbanism]. Raznoglasiia. Zhurnal obshchestvennoi i khudozhestvennoi kritiki, 2016, no. 9, pp. 69–86.
3. Trubina E. Dzhungli, bazar, organizm i mashina: klassicheskie metafory goroda i rossiiskaia sovremennost' [The jungle, a bazaar, an organism and a car: Сlassic metaphors of the city and Russian modernity]. Neprikosnovennyi zapas, 2010, no. 2, pp. 223–243.
4. Tykanova E.V., Khokhlova A.M. Gorodskoi politicheskii rezhim v Sankt-Peterburge: rol' real'nykh i voobrazhaemykh "mashin rosta' v bor'be za gorodskoe prostranstvo [The urban political regime in St. Petersburg: The role of real and imagined “growth machines” in the struggle for urban space]. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial'noi politiki, 2015, no. 2, pp. 241–256.
5. H. Lefebvre. Du rural á l’urban. Propositions pour un nouvel urbanisme (Russ. ed.: Lefevr A. Idei dlia kontseptsii novogo urbanizma. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie, 2002, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 19–26).
6. Katz P. The new urbanism: Toward an architecture of community. New York, McGraw Hill, 1994, 288 p.
7. Gehl J. Cities for people (Russ. ed.: Geil Ia. Goroda dlia liudei. Moscow, Krost, Al'pina Pablisher, 2012, 276 p.).
8. Vysokovskii A.A. Sochineniia v 3 t. [Works in 3 volumes]. Vol. 2. Practice. Moscow, Gray Matter, 2015, 397 p.
9. Naberushkina E.K., Dorodnova M.A. Komu udobny rossiiskie goroda? [Whom are Russian cities comfortable for?]. Regionologiia, 2012, no. 2, pp. 140–148.
10. Kapkov S.A. Razvitie gorodskikh obshchestvennykh prostranstv: sotsial'no-filosofskie aspekty [Development of urban public spaces: Social and philosophical aspects]. Obshchestvo: filosofiia, istoriia, kul'tura, 2016, no. 11, pp. 58–63.
11. Mastalerzh N.A. Formirovanie kontseptsii obshchestvennogo prostranstva kak strukturnogo elementa gorodskoi sredy [The concept of public space as a structural element of urban environment]. Arkhitekton: izvestiia vuzov, 2013, no. 43, pp. 61–73.
12. Gutnov A.E. Sistemnyi podkhod v izuchenii goroda: osnovaniia i kontury teorii gorodskogo razvitiia [Systematic approach to urban study: Foundations and frameworks of urban development theory]. Sistemnye issledovaniia. Metodologicheskie problemy, Moscow, Nauka, 1986, pp. 211–232.
13. Vysokovskii A.A. Pravila zemlepol'zovaniia i zastroiki: rukovodstvo po razrabotke [Rules for land use and development. Experience of introducing legal zoning in Kyrgyzstan]. Opyt vvedeniia pravovogo zonirovaniia v Kyrgyzstane. Bishkek, Ega-Basma, 2005, 326 p.
14. Korableva G.B., Merenkov A.V. Sotsial'noe prostranstvo sovremennogo goroda [Social space in a modern city]. Yekaterinburg, Ural University, 2015, 252 p.
15. Pirogov S.V. Paradigma diagnostiki gorodskoi sredy [The paradigm of urban environment diagnosis]. Sotsiologiia upravleniia: Teoretiko-prikladnoi tolkovyi slovar'. Moscow, Krasand, 2015, pp. 208–210.
16. Latour B. Reassembling the social. An introduction to actor-network-theory (Russ. ed.: Latur B. Peresborka sotsial'nogo: vvedenie v aktorno-setevuiu teoriiu. Moscow, Higher School of Economics, 2014, 384 p.).
17. Ianitskii O.N. Metabolicheskaia kontseptsiia sovremennogo goroda [Metabolic concept of modern city]. Sotsiologicheskaia nauka i sotsial'naia praktika, 2013, no. 3, pp. 16–32.
18. Dridze T.M. Chelovek i gorodskaia sreda v prognoznom sotsial'nom proektirovanii [A man and urban environment in predictive social design]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost', 1994, no. 1, pp. 131–138.
19. Kogan L.B. Urbanologiia i gorodskaia politika: ot osoznaniia k znaniiu [Urbanology and urban politics: From awareness to knowledge]. Available at: http://emsu.ru/kogan/ (accessed 10 July 2020).
20. Glazychev V.L. Sotsial'no-ekologicheskaia interpretatsiia gorodskoi sredy [Socio-ecological interpretation of the urban environment]. Available at:  http://www.glazychev.ru/books/soc_ecolog/soc_ecolog_3.htm (accessed 10 July 2020).

The article analyzes the previously unstudied aspects of the use of fundraising activities in social entrepreneurship in the Siberian region. The purpose is to study and analyze the regional features of applying fundraising in social entrepreneurship using the example of the Republic of Khakassia. The authors present an analysis of theoretical, regulatory and legal sources in order to identify modern trends in the development of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship. The article draws on empirical research conducted from April to May 2020, using a targeted online survey via the Google Forms for data collecting. The respondents were social entrepreneurs registered in the unified register of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Khakassia. As a result of the research, the article offers a number of conclusions regarding the general awareness of social entrepreneurs about the possibility of using fundraising in social entrepreneurship, the difficulties of social entrepreneurship, etc. It is shown that social entrepreneurs, attracting material resources, participating in municipal and state competitions, using the advantages of preferential taxation and other types of state support, do not interpret this practice as fundraising activities. Hence, there are difficulties in the development of this avenue and a need to create conditions to promote fundraising into the national and regional practice of social entrepreneurship. Finally, thanks to the possibility of cooperation with media representatives, the use of marketing communications, the trend of fundraising in social entrepreneurship could not only increase the literacy of the population but also set a public tendency to seek participation in such projects in order to solve social problems.

Keywords: fundraising tools, society, social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurs, social issues, support mechanisms, region, fundraising, resources, fundraising activities, foundations.

Elena A. Kochina – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Social Work, Khakassian State University named after N.F. Katanova, е-mail: vereschaginaea@mail.ru.

Olga A. Stirmanova – Master’s Student, Khakassian State University named after N.F. Katanova, е-mail: strmnv@yandex.ru.

1. Popov E.V., Veretennikova A.Iu., Kozinskaia K.M. Evoliutsiia sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva v mirovom prostranstve [Evolution of social entrepreneurship in the world dimensions]. Vestnik UrFU. Seriia ekonomika i upravlenie, 2017, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 379–402.
2. Tsentr sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva i sotsial'nykh innovatsii [Centre for social entrepreneurship and social innovation]. Available at: https://socentr.hse.ru/ (accessed 05 September 2020).
3. Iakimets V.N., Nikovskaia L.I. Podderzhka sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva: otsenka mekhanizmov i reiting regionov Rossii [Support of social entrepreneurship: Evalutation of mechanisms and rating of Russian regions]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2019, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 99–109.
4. Shmatkova E.M. Sotsial'noe predprinimatel'stvo kak chast' biznesa i grazhdanskogo obshchestva [Social entrepreneurship as part of business and civil society]. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie iavleniia i protsessy, 2013, no. 10(56), pp. 143–146.
5. Sud'in S.A., Iakovlev P.A. Sotsial'noe predprinimatel'stvo kak predmet sotsiologicheskogo analiza [Social entrepreneurship as a subject of sociological analysis]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2018, no. 1, pp. 77–85.
6. Ob organizatsii provedeniia konkursnogo otbora sub"ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, biudzhetam kotorykh v 2013 godu predostavliaiutsia subsidii iz federal'nogo biudzheta na gosudarstvennuiu podderzhku malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva sub"ektami Rossiiskoi Federatsii [On the organization of the competitive selection of the entities of the Russian Federation which are given subsidies from the federal budget in 2013 for state support of small and medium-sized businesses by the entities of the Russian Federation]. Order of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development of Apr. 24, 2013 no. 220. Available at: http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/ mallbusiness/doc20130424_06 (accessed 09 March 2020).
7. Moskovskaia A. U sotsial'nykh predprinimatelei problemy s zakonom o sotsial'nom predprinimatel'stve [Social entrepreneurs have problem with the law on social entrepreneurship]. Mir sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva, 2016, no. 7, pp. 6–8, available at: https://www.facebook.com/Soc.Entrepreneurship (accessed 09 March 2020).
8. Ob osnovakh sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniia grazhdan v Rossiiskoi Federatsii (posledniaia redaktsiia) [On fundamentals of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation]. Federal law of Dec. 28, 2013 no. 442-FZ, available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_156558/ (accessed 09 March 2020).
9. O vnesenii izmenenii v Federal'nyi zakon “O razvitii malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva v Rossiiskoi Federatsii” v chasti zakrepleniia poniatii “sotsial'noe predprinimatel'stvo”, “sotsial'noe predpriiatie” [On amendments to the Federal Law “On the development of small and medium business in the Russian Federation” in terms of consolidating the concepts of “social entrepreneurship”, “social enterprise”]. Federal law of Jul. 26, 2019 no. 245-FZ, available at: http://www.consultant.ru (accessed 25 August 2020).
10. Moskovskaia A.A., Berendiaev A., Parfenova Iu. Novosti rossiiskogo sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva [Russian social entrepreneurship news]. Mir sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva, 2019, no. 11, pp. 3–4, available at: https://socentr.hse.ru/issue (accessed 11 April 2020).
11. Smirnov V.P. Teoreticheskaia osnova sovremennykh issledovanii predprinimatel'stva [The theoretical basis of modern researching entrepreneurship]. Sovremennaia konkurentsiia, 2015, vol. 9, no. 1(49), pp. 58–74.
12. Moskovskaia A.A. Sotsial'noe predprinimatel'stvo v sisteme sotsial'noi politiki: mirovoi opyt i perspektivy Rossii [Social entrepreneurship in the system of social policy: World experience and prospects of Russia]. Problemy prognozirovaniia, 2016, no. 6, pp. 103–111.
13. Krainova O.S., Shiriaeva I.S. Fandraizing kak instrument finansovogo menedzhmenta v sovremennoi Rossii [Fundraising as a tool for financial management in modern Russia]. Kontsept, 2018, no. 5, available at: http://e-kon-cept.ru/2018/184026.htm (accessed 09 March 2020).
14. Korneeva I.E. Fandraizing v rossiiskikh nekommercheskikh organizatsiiakh: rezul'taty empiricheskogo issledovaniia [Fundraising in Russian non-profit organizations: Results of an empirical study]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniia: Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny, 2016, no. 4, pp. 48–66.
15. Chernikina E.V., Bobrov S.L. Osobennosti razvitiia kraudfandinga i fandraizinga [Developmental characteristics of crowdfunding and fundraising]. Innovatsionnaia nauka, 2017, no. 8, 2017, pp. 36–41.
16. Ministerstvo ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Respubliki Khakasiia [The Ministry of Economic Development of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/ministry-of-economy-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/nac_project/ nac_project_list/maloe-i-srednee-predprinimatelstvo-i-podderzhka-individualnoy-predprinimatelskoy-initsiativy (accessed 09 March 2020).
17. NO “Garantiinyi fond MKK Khakasii” [Non-profit organization “Guarantee Fund of the MCC Khakassia”]. Available at: https://fondrh.ru/ (accessed 09 July 2020).
18. Mery podderzhki dlia sotsial'nykh predpriiatii Respubliki Khakasii [Supportive measures for social enterprises of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/ministry-of-economy-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/ 7251/c (accessed 09 July 2020).
19. Kul'tivatsiia blagotvoritelei. Rossiiskii fandraizing v deistvii [Cultivation of benefactors. Russian fundraising in action]. HSE University, available at: https://iq.hse.ru/news/305805663.html (accessed 20 April 2020).
20. Kul'kova, V.Iu. Finansirovanie sotsial'nogo predprinimatel'stva: opyt Velikobritanii [Funding for social entrepreneurship: Great Britain experience]. Vestnik IuUrGU. Ekonomika i menedzhment, 2018, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 164–170.

The article presents the results of a sociological survey on the evaluation of conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Udmurt Republic. Entrepreneurship support is a priority in the regional policy due to business partly solving the unemployment problems in rural areas. Entrepreneurs can apply for grants, subsidies, and soft loans under various government programs both at the initial and subsequent stages of business activity to get financial support. The purpose of the study was to assess the conditions for business development in rural areas in the region and the effectiveness of state and municipal programs to help entrepreneurs. A survey of rural entrepreneurs was conducted (n=307) in March 2020. According to the survey results entrepreneurs are the most economically active category of the population. Many respondents live permanently in rural areas and have business in the rural settlements where they permanently live. Evaluating rural infrastructure, respondents have noted that the interactions with municipal authorities are effective, while the elements of infrastructure for business organization in settlements remain poorly developed. This situation explains the various difficulties which owners of different types of businesses must cope on every stages of their activities. Respondents demonstrate a high level of awareness about small and medium-sized business support programs, but the number of participants in such programs is low. Although respondents are not ready to participate in support programs, they consider them necessary and useful.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, rural settlements, rural infrastructure, conditions for business, business support, entrepreneurs’ support programs.

Tatyana A. Vlasova – Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department
of Sociology, Udmurt State University, е-mail: tavlasova@yandex.ru.

1. Osval'd I. Novye metodologicheskie podkhody k issledovaniiu i ponimaniiu sela [New methodological approaches to the study and understanding of a countryside]. Vdali ot gorodov. Zhizn' postsovetskoi derevni, St. Petersburg, Aleteiia, 2013, pp. 8–27.
2. Granberg L., Nikula J., Kopoteva I. LEADER and possibilities of local development in the Russian countryside. Evaluating the European approach to rural development, grass-roots experiences of the LEADER Programme. Farnham, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 111‒126.
3. Granberg L. Strukturnye izmeneniia v sel'skoi mestnosti Rossii i Finliandii – sravnitel'nyi analiz dvukh razlichnykh tipov obshchestva [Strutural change in the Finnish and Russian countryside: A comparative analysis of two different types of society]. Mir Rossii, 2015, no. 3, pp. 160–175, available at: https://mirros.hse.ru/article/view/4930 (accessed 28 October 2018).
4. Neal S. Transition culture: Politics, localities and ruralities. Journal of Rural Studies, 2013, no. 32, pp. 60–69, available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/819369/ (accessed 27 July 2018).
5. Pokrovskii N.E., Nefedova T.G. “Kletochnaia globalizatsiia” i tendentsii v sel'skikh soobshchestvakh blizhnego severa Rossii [“Cellular globalization” and tendencies in rural communities of Russia’s Near-North]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2013, no. 4, pp. 13–23.
6. Khagurov A.A. O sostoianii i problemakh rossiiskogo sela [On the state and problems of the Russian countryside]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2012, no. 1, pp. 145–150.
7. Bondarenko L.V. Razvitie sel'skikh territorii Rossii: otsenki, mneniia, ozhidaniia [Development of rural territories of Russia: Estimates, opinions expectations]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2016, no. 3, pp. 76–82.
8. Velikii P.P., Bocharova E.V. Raskrest'ianivanie kak indikator destruktivnoi transformatsii rossiiskoi agrosfery [Liberation of peasants as an indicator of destructive transformation of the Russian agrosphere]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2012, no. 1, pp. 126–134.
9. Frolova E.V. Osobennosti funktsionirovaniia infrastruktury sel'skikh poselenii v Chukotskom avtonomnom okruge [Peculiarities of functioning of rural settlements infrastructure in the Chukotka Autonomous District]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2012, no. 1, pp. 150–153.
10. Namrueva L.V. Sovremennoe selo Kalmykii: sotsiologicheskii srez [A contemporary village of Kalmykia: Sociological snapshot]. Kalmyk Scientific Center of RAS, Elista, 2017, 180 p.
11. Stegnii V.N. Perspektivy sel'skikh poselenii na territorii Lys'venskogo administrativnogo okruga Permskogo kraia (otsenki, mneniia) [Prospects of rural settlements in the Lysva administrative district of the Perm krai (estimates, opinions)]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2019, no. 2, pp. 86–98.
12. Zaborova E.N., Kleimenov M.V., Tikhomirova A.M. Maloe i srednee predprinimatel'stvo kak resurs razvitiia sovremennoi rossiiskoi ekonomiki [Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship as a development resource of modern Russian economy]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2019, no. 3, pp. 8–16.
13. Arkhipova E.B. Ot upadka k vozrozhdeniiu: sotsial'no-predprinimatel'skie praktiki v rossiiskikh derevniakh (na primere Urala i Sibiri) [From decline to rebirth: Social and entrepreneurial practices in Russian villages (based on the example of the Urals and Siberia)]. Siberian Socium, 2017, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 47–60.
14. Vasina T.A., Nikitina G.A., Pozdeev I.L. Resursnyi potentsial udmurtov v razlichnykh sotsio- i etnokul'turnykh sredakh [Resource potential of the Udmurts in various socio- and ethnocultural environments]. Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of RAS, Izhevsk, 2016, 202 p.
15. Srednemesiachnaia nominal'naia nachislennaia zarabotnaia plata rabotnikov v tselom po ekonomike po sub"ektam Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2013–2020 gg. [Nominal average monthly wage in the entities of the Russian Federation in 2013–2020]. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/labor_market_employment_salaries?print=1 (accesed 16 May 2020).
16. Obshchie ekonomicheskie pokazateli deiatel'nosti srednikh predpriiatii Udmurtskoi Respubliki [General economic indicators of medium-sized enterprises activity the Udmurt Republic]. Available at: https://udmstat.gks.ru/ storage/mediabank/cred12_19_sait.pdf (accessed 07 June 2020).
17. Vlasova T.A., Obukhov K.N. Otsenka infrastruktury sela mestnymi zhiteliami: sotsiologicheskie aspekty realizatsii etnokul'turnykh proektov [Evaluation of the civil infrastructure by rural residents: Sociological aspects of implementation of the ethnic projects]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2018, no. 4, pp. 107–119.
18. Sergeev A.E. Subsidirovanie individual'nykh predprinimatelei dlia razvitiia sel'skogo khoziaistva [Subsidizing individual entrepreneurs for the development of agriculture]. Aktual'nye voprosy prava, ekonomiki i upravleniia. Proceedings of V Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Penza, Nauka i prosveshchenie, 2016, pp. 332–335.
19. Programmy Ministerstva sel'skogo khoziaistva Udmurtskoi Respubliki [Programs of Ministry of agriculture of the Udmurt Republic]. Available at: http://udmapk.ru/programmy/ (accessed 03 June 2020).
20. Zaimy mikrokreditnoi kompanii “Udmurtskii fond razvitiia predprinimatel'stva” [Loans from the Udmurt entrepreneurship development fund]. Available at: https://www.fond.udbiz.ru/zaymy/ (accessed 04 June 2020).

The paper analyzes the conditions for elderly people in the modern labor market in the context of transition to the new technological stage, implementation of pension reform and age-related stereotypes. The authors argue the relevance of using a concept of socio-psychological age in assessing the prospects of staff and subjective well-being as its indicator in the context of innovations. The paper investigates how the company’s organizational culture affects loyalty to innovation technology on behalf of senior members of the staff, backed up with empirical evidence. Organizational culture is considered as a socio-psychological context for the introduction of innovations, creating a subjective well-being/disadvantage of the older staff, which is an emotional regulator of adoption/rejection of innovation by employees. The authors have applied the OCAI developed by K. Cameron and R. Quinn and the Kessler distress scale to identify the type of organizational culture and staff’s value preferences, supplemented by a questionnaire to reveal a psychological distance between the management and employees, their subjective well-being and socio-psychological age. The respondents included doctors (‘person-to-person’ professions) and engineers (‘person-to-machine’ professions) from innovative companies and companies with long-standing problems of transition to an innovative development path (N = 260, women aged 55+, men aged 60+). Subjective well-being was measured by indicators of fatigue, stress, self-assessment of health and psychological well-being in the team. The organizational determinants of subjective well-being in the context of organizational changes and its effects are disclosed. Among the effects of subjective well-being are adherence to innovative values, labor involvement and the young socio-psychological age of the staff, typical of the market-innovative organizational culture. The reasons for elderly people to resist the introduction of innovations in the context of the traditional hierarchical-clan model of organizational culture are disclosed. Differences in indicators of subjective well-being and its effects among personnel belonging to different classes of professions were revealed. The paper also argues the necessity of transition in managing the introduction of innovations from administrative regulators of labor to emotional ones, inter alia, subjective well-being. The necessity of introducing innovations to ensure the prevention of stress and a change in the organizational culture towards market-innovation model is emphasized.

Keywords: industry 4.0, personnel, resistance to innovation, pension reform, age-related stereotypes, chronological age, socio-psychological age, emotional regulation, subjective well-being, stress, fatigue, self-esteem of health, organizational culture.

Irina S. Leonova – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sectoral and Applied Sociology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, e-mail: irina_leonova@list.ru.

Lyudmila N. Zakharova – Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Management Psychology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, e-mail: zlnnnov@mail.ru.

1. Dutta S., Lanvin B., Wunsch-Vincent S. Global Innovation Index 2019. 12th edition. Cornell SC Johnson College of Business, 2019, available at: https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/gii-2019-report (accessed 04 February 2020).
2. Schwab K. The fourth industrial revolution. New York, Crown Business, 2017, 192 р.
3. Fossen F., Sorgner A. Mapping the future of occupations: Transformative and destructive effects of new digital technologies on jobs. Foresight and STI Governance, 2019, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 10–18. DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.10.18
4. Posthuma R.A. Age stereotypes in the workplace: common stereotypes, moderators, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 2009, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 158–188. DOI: 10.1177/0149206308318617
5. Castellano N., Rocca A., Read R. Analyzing the gender gap in European labor markets at the NUTS-1level. Cogent Social Sciences, 2019, vol. 5, no. 1, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1595294 (accessed 17 February 2020).
6. Gimpel'son V.E. Vozrast i zarabotnaia plata: stilizovannye fakty i rossiiskie osobennosti [Age and wage: Stylized facts and Russian evidence]. HSE Economic Journal, 2019, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 185–237. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8691-2019-23-2-185-237
7. Hessel P., Kinge J.M., Skirbekk V., Staudinger U.M. Trends and determinants of the Flynn effect in cognitive functioning among older individuals in 10 European countries. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2018, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 1–7. DOI:10.1136/jech-2017-209979.
8. Johnson J.K., Sarkisian N., Williamson J.B. Using a micro-level model to generate a macro-level model of productive successful aging. The Gerontologist, 2015, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 107–128. DOI:10.1093/geront/gnu089.
9. Pensionnaia reforma [Pension reform]. Levada-Tsentr, available at: https://www.levada.ru/2018/07/05/pensionnaya-reforma-3/ (accessed 14 April 2020)
10. Diener E., Suh E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H.L. Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 1999, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 276–302.
11. Staudinger U.M. Images of aging: Outside and inside perspectives. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2015, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 187–210.
12. Zakharova L.N., Leonova I.S., Mart'ianova T.V. Gendernye proiavleniia sotsial'no-psikhologicheskogo vozrasta personala predpriiatii s organizatsionnoi kul'turoi raznogo tipa [Gender manifestations of socio-psychological age of the personnel in companies with organizational culture of different types]. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniia, 2018, no.7, pp. 107–117.
13. Desmidt S., Prinzie A. Establishing a mission-based culture: analyzing the relation between intra-organizational socialization agents, mission valence, public service motivation, goal clarity and work impact. International Public Management Journal, 2019, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 664–690. DOI: 10.1080/10967494.2018.1428253.
14. Cameron K.S, Quinn R.E. Diagnosing and changing organizational culture. Based on the competing values framework. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011, 204 p.
15. Zakharova L.N., Leonova I.S., Korobeinikova E.V. Psikhologicheskaia zhiznesposobnost' personala rossiiskikh predpriiatii [Psychological vitality of the personnel of Russian enterprises]. National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 2017, 411 p.
16. Vnutskikh A.Iu., Komarov S.V. “Russkaia model' upravleniia” i problema proizvoditel'nosti truda: filosofskii analiz [Russian management model and the problem of labor productivity: Philosophical analysis]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiia. Psikhologiia. Sotsiologiia, 2019, no. 4, pp. 473–482. DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2019-4-473-482.
17. Klimov E.A. Psikhologiia professional'nogo samoopredeleniia [Psychology of professional self-identification]. Moscow, Akademiia, 2004, 304 p.
18. Kuhn M.H., McPartland T.S. An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review, 1954, vol. 19, pp. 68–76.
19. Kessler R.C., Andrews G., Colpe A. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalence and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 2002, vol. 32, pp. 959–956. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291702006074.
20. Glushchenko V.A., Irklienko E.K. Serdechno-sosudistaia zabolevaemost' – odna iz vazhneishikh problem zdravookhraneniia [Cardiovascular morbidity – one of the most vital problems of modern health care]. Meditsina i organizatsiia zdravookhraneniia, 2019, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 56–63.

The article analyzes the process of secondary socialization of students in accordance with the stages of the educational process at university. Statistical data for several years of the psychological research, in particular the Dembo self-assessment test, carried out on a fairly representative sample, provides the socialization agents, the university and faculty administration with valuable scientific and diagnostic outputs aimed at improving the methods of educational work for the sake of successful development of educational competencies. The conclusions drawn in the course of analyzing the dynamic processes of socialization and identification of university students make it possible to produce recommendations for the socialization agents for them to increase the educational role in the modern educational environment. The authors advocate for a modern approach to educational work with students having different pre-university education background, focused on the personal characteristics of young people. An individual approach considers an emotional factor in learning, involvement into research activities at the earliest possible stage. The article assesses the resources of the educational environment of the university for the successful adaptation of first-year students and their further socialization during the entire period of study. Risk factors that affect the efficiency of successful socialization of technical students are considered. The article analyzes the personal characteristics of students in the identification process, taking into account the moral principles of society, as well as the influence of the value-need sphere of young people on the motivation for the leading aspects of educational activities. The assessment of dynamic identification processes affecting the motivation of technical students to study at various stages of the educational process is carried out.

Keywords: socialization agents, presupposition, Spearman correlations, gender features, identification models, situational anxiety, personal anxiety, juventization, educational process.

Igor P. Mironov – Psychologist, Psychological Service of the Department of Social and Extracurricular Activities, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: ipmironov@yandex.ru.

Tatyana A. Belozyorova – Senior Lecturer, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Associate Dean of Extracurricular Work, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: bta.perm@mail.ru.

1. Putin V.V. Vospitanie – pervichnyi faktor polnotsennogo razvitiia cheloveka [Upbringing as a primary factor in the full development of a person]. Available at: https://regnum.ru/news/society/ 2291119.html.
2. Kon I.S. Sotsiologiia lichnosti [Sociology of a personality]. Moscow, 1967, 384 p.
3. Mironov I.P., Belozerova T.A. Primenenie kompetentnostnogo podkhoda v obrazovanii bakalavrov tekhnicheskogo vuza v ramkakh realizatsii proforientatsionnogo proekta [Application of competence-based approach in training bachelors of technical higher education institutions within the framework of the career-oriented project]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura, 2018, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 17–26.
4. Shibutani T. Sotsial'naia psikhologiia [Social psychology]. Moscow, Vysshee obrazovanie, 2002, 539 p.
5. Samara G.N., Petrov D.S. Sotsiokul'turnaia adaptatsiia molodezhi v period radikal'nykh transformatsii [Social and cultural adaptation during radical transformation]. Moscow, Firma Svetoton LTD, 2004, 206 p.
6. Dziov A.R. Vektory dukhovnogo razvitiia studentov: uchebno-nauchnaia, prakticheskaia i tvorcheskaia deiatel'nost' [Vectors of students’ spiritual development: Educational and scientific, practical and creative activity]. Studencheskaia molodezh': svoboda i otvetstvennost'. Proceedings of VI Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Moscow, RUDN University, 2019, pp. 103–106.
7. Jenkins R. Social identity. 3rd ed. London, New York, Routledge, 2008, 246 p.
8. Anan'ev B.G. K psikhofiziologii studencheskogo vozrasta [To psychophysiology of student-age]. Sovremennye psikhologo-pedagogicheskie problemy vysshei shkoly, no. 2, Leningrad, Leningrad State University, 1974, pp. 3–15.
9. Chervinskaia S.A. Sotsiokul'turnaia identifikatsiia studentov v tekhnicheskom vuze [Socio-cultural identity of students at a technical institution of higher education]. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki, 2007, no. 12–1, pp. 112–118.
10. Mironov I.P., Tsarapina T.P., Zharova T.Iu. Novye perspektivy i vozmozhnosti v rabote kuratora akademicheskoi gruppy [New prospects and opportunities in work of an academic group monitor]. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2015, 170 p.
11. Ovchinnikov B.V., Pavlov K.V. [et al.]. Vash psikhologicheskii tip [Your psychological type]. St. Petersburg, Andreev i synov'ia, 2009, 238 p.
12. Dolinina I.G., Mironov I.P. Grazhdanskoe liderstvo: psikhologo-pedagogicheskaia kharakteristika studentov tekhnicheskogo vuza [Civic leadership: Psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the students of a technical university]. Vysshee obrazovanie segodnia, 2013, no. 11, pp. 31–36.
13. Kombu A.S. Sotsializatsiia studencheskoi molodezhi v period obucheniia v vuze [Socialization of college kids in studying at higher education establishment]. Vestnik Tuvinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pedagogicheskie nauki, 2014, no. 4, pp. 83–92.
14. Kovaleva A.I. Problemy sotsializatsii lichnosti studenta v vuze [Problems of a student’s personality socialization at university]. Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie, 2017, no. 3, pp. 48–62.
15. Popov V.G., Karpov V.V. K voprosu o sootnoshenii poniatii “sotsial'naia adaptatsiia” i “sotsializatsiia” [To the issue of correlation of the concepts “social adaptation” and “socialization”]. Vestnik Cheliabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2013, no. 33, pp. 149–153.
16. Greben' N.F. Metodika “Tsennostnye orientatsii” M. Rokicha. Psikhologicheskie testy dlia professionalov [Rokich’s method “Value orientations”. Psychological tests for professionals]. Minsk, Sovremennaia shkola, 2007, 496 p.
17. Mishchenko L.V. K probleme diagnostiki otnosheniia studentov k uchebnoi deiatel'nosti [To the problem of diagnosis of students’ attitude to study]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniia, 2007, no. 3, pp. 122–128, available at: https://psyjournals.ru/vestnik_psyobr/2007/n3/28868.shtml (acccessed 26 March 2020).
18. Shkala trevogi Spilbergera [Spielberger state-trait anxiety scale]. Entsiklopediia psikhodiagnostiki, available at: http://psylab.info/ (accessed 20 March 2020).
19. Prikhozhan A.M. Primenenie metodov priamogo otsenivaniia v rabote shkol'nogo psikhologa [Application of methods of direct assessment in the work of a school psychologist]. Nauchno-metodicheskie osnovy ispol'zovaniia v shkol'noi psikhologicheskoi sluzhbe konkretnykh psikhodiagnosticheskikh metodik, Moscow, USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, 1988, pp. 110–128.
20. Health style: A self-test. Washington, D.C., United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services (PHS 81-50155), available at: https://www.worldcat.org/title/health-style-a-self-test/oclc/7557058 (accessed 20 March 2020).
21. Kurbatova L.N., Sliusarianskii M.A. Sotsiologicheskoe soprovozhdenie menedzhmenta kachestva obrazovatel'nogo protsessa v tekhnicheskom vuze [Sociological support of quality management of the educational process at a technical university]. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2012, 268 p.

The article presents the interim results of a comparative analysis of practices for implementing modern frameworks of engineering education in European and Russian universities. The research was conducted in the Ural Federal University (Russia) and the University of Dunaújváros (Hungary). These institutions are being actively transformed in line with global trends in the development of higher education and have a similar socio-cultural background. About 1% of students from each University participated in the study by random sampling. The effectiveness of training future engineers is a multi-part value including assessments of the main actors of the educational process, i.e. teachers and university administration, their contribution to training future engineers, which can be measured by formal characteristics of educational process, e.g. curricula, facilities, etc.; employers, in terms of the need for the profession in the labor market, as measured by the actual demand for labor and the cost of engineering work; students’ assessment in the form of personal perception of the teaching methods effectiveness. The data obtained will allow us to evaluate the dynamics of the institutional environment of modern engineering education, identify nonlinear effects of institutionalization of modern practices of professional training of technical specialists, and form proposals for removing or easing the most acute inter- and intrainstitutional contradictions faced by the subjects of interaction in the field of engineering education.

Keyword: engineering training, STEM specialists, modern methods and techniques of education, distance learning technologies, transformation of the academic environment, nonlinear model of higher education.

Elena O. Nidergaus – Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Technologies of Public and Municipal Administration, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, e-mail: e.o.nidergaus@urfu.ru.

1. Zborovskii G.E., Ambarova P.A. Vysshee obrazovanie kak faktor sokhraneniia gorodov v Ural'skom makroregione [Higher education as a factor of the cities’ preservation in the Ural macro-region]. Ekonomika regiona, 2018, no. 3, pp. 914–926.
2. Pugach V.F. Massovoe vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii: osobennosti dinamiki [Mass higher education in Russia: Features of dynamics]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii, 2020, no. 2, pp. 74–82.
3. Stegnii V.N., Kurbatova L.N. Uchitelia shkoly i litseia o kachestve obrazovatel'nogo protsessa (mneniia, otsenki) [Teachers of secondary schools and vocational schools on the quality]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2020, no. 1, pp. 25–36.
4. Nidergaus Е. Reproduction of social and professional community of academic specialists under conditions of economic crisis. Advances in social science. The Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment (ISMGE). Education and Humanities Research. Proceedings of the 1st Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. 2019, vol. 331, pp. 505–508.
5. Solov'eva T.O., Solov'ev D.N. K voprosu o realizatsii printsipa akademicheskoi svobody v sovremennom universitetskom obrazovanii [To the issue of realization of academic freedom principle in modern university education]. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye issledovaniia, 2017, no. 2(15), pp. 110–114.
6. Zaitsev S.Iu., Markhgeim M.V. Svoboda prepodavaniia: konstitutsionno-pravovoi kliuch k ponimaniiu [Academic freedom: Constitutional law the key to understanding]. Nauchnye vedomosti BelGU. Filosofiia. Sotsiologiia. Pravo, 2014, no. 22(193), pp. 92–98.
7. Krylova I.A. Sovremennoe sostoianie rossiiskoi nauki i polozhenie uchenykh v usloviiakh reformirovaniia [Current state of Russian science and the position of scientists in the context of reform]. Rossiia: tendentsii i perspektivy razvitiia, 2020, no. 15-1, pp. 561–566.
8. Novikov M.V., Perfilova T.B. Universitetskii ustav 1884 g.: illiuziia akademicheskoi svobody (chast' II) [The university charter of 1884: Illusion of the academic freedom (part II)]. Iaroslavskii pedagogicheskii vestnik, 2015, no. 1, pp. 89–101.
9. Dashichev V.I. Nauka ne mozhet i ne dolzhna upravliat'sia chinovnikami [Science cannot and should not be governed by officials]. Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniia, 2016, no. 2, pp. 222–243.
10. Ustiuzhanina E.V., Molokova E.L. Otkloniaiushcheesia povedenie steikkholderov rossiiskogo vysshego obrazovaniia [Deviant behaviour of stakeholders in Russian higher education]. Upravlenets, 2020, no. 1, pp. 70–83.
11. Ablazhei A.M. “Gospodin professor”: degradatsiia roli i statusa prepodavatelia v predprinimatel'skom universitete [“Mr. professor”: The degradation of the role and status of a teacher in an entrepreneurial university]. Nauchnyi rezul'tat. Sotsiologiia i upravlenie, 2020, no.1, pp. 29–40.
12. Shuklina E.A. Massive Open Online courses kak forma nelineinogo razvitiia universitetskogo obrazovaniia [Massive open online courses: Form of higher education non-linear development]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2016, no. 4, pp. 79–93.
13. Mitin S.V., Nikulina A.V. Vysshee obrazovanie v Vengrii v period sistemnykh transformatsii [Higher education in Hungary during system transformations]. Kontentus, 2020, no. 2, pp. 3–9.
14. Zueva O.N. Sravnitel'nyi analiz sistem professional'nogo obrazovaniia Vengrii i Rossii [Comparative analysis of vocational education systems in Hungary and Russia]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pedagogika. Psikhologiia. Sotsiokinetika, 2009, no. 2, pp. 244–246.
15. Universitet Dunaivrosh [The University of Dunaújváros]. Available at: http://www.uniduna.hu/en/about-us/brief-history (accessed 20 April 2020).
16. Vengerskoe Tsentral'noe statisticheskoe agentstvo [Hungarian Central Statistical Office]. Available at: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_annual_2_6 (accessed 20 April 2020).
17. Ural'skii federal'nyi universitet. Ob Universitete v tsifrakh [Ural Federal University in figures]. Available at: https://urfu.ru/ru/about/today/figures/ (accessed 23 May 2020).
18. Ministerstvo nauki i vysshego obrazovaniia RF [The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation]. Available at: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/ru/activity/stat/highed/ (accessed 04 May 2020).
19. Bondarenko N.V., Gokhberg L.M., Kovaleva N.V. [et al.]. Obrazovanie v tsifrakh. 2019 [Education in figures]. HSE University, Мoscow, 2019, p. 39, available at: https://www.hse.ru/primarydata/oc2019 (accessed 22 May 2020).
20. Kazun A.P., Pastukhova L.S. Praktiki primeneniia proektnogo metoda obucheniia: opyt raznykh stran [The practices of project-based learning technique application: Experience of different countries]. Obrazovanie i nauka, 2018, no. 2, pp. 32–59.
21. Tikhonova O.V., Chikhacheva O.A., Grechushkina N.V. Osobennosti organizatsii pedagogicheskoi podderzhki studentov pri prokhozhdenii onlain-kursa v ramkakh vneauditornoi samostoiatel'noi raboty [Features of the arrangement of pedagogical support for students during an online courses as part of extracurricular independent work]. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniia, 2020, no. 1(43), pp. 57–71.
22. Lonka K., Ketonen E., Vermunt J.D. University students’ epistemic profiles, conceptions of learning, and academic performance. Higher Education, 2020, no. 4, available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00575-6.
23. Gijbels D., Donche V., Richardson Jte. J.D. Vermunt learning patterns in higher education: Dimensions and research perspectives. Routledge, 2013.
24. Panadero E., Jonsson A., Botella J. Effects of self-assessment on self-regulated learning and self-efficacy: Four meta-analyses. Educational Research Review, 2017, no. 22, pp. 74–98.
25. Education Index. Available at: https://gtmarket.ru/ ratings/education-index/education-index-info (accessed 01 June 2020).
26. Global index of cognitive skills and educational attainment. Available at: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/global-index-of-cognitive-skills-and-educational-attain­ment/info (accessed 02 June 2020).

In the realm of the creative economy, the engineering profession may be classified as exclusive (often ‘elite’, ‘selected’, ‘one-off’), requiring an extraordinary approach to organizing the reproduction process. A special aspect of solving problems accompanying the process of training this group of specialists is the social gender factor. The main subject of the analysis of the article is the modern problems of professional and labor socialization of female youth oriented towards engineering labor activity in conditions of real gender stereotypes and obstacles in the field of industrial production.

Drawing on the data acquired, the author describes a number of obstacles relevant for the professional and labor socialization of female engineers in two main time coordinates of the individual's life path: prospective-prognostic (life plans and expectations of female students concerning their professional and labor career) and retrospective-evaluative (opinions of young women engineers at enterprises about the current daily practices of their life. They are expressed, on the one hand, in the form of sociological problem-situational studies of the everyday life of technical students in the Urals and the Volga region and, on the other hand, studies of the production and family activities of young women engineers at the Middle Urals factories.

The article reflects the results of a number of sociological projects implemented by the author at the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1999–2019 in the Urals and the Volga region.

Keywords: profession, self-determination, students, professional and labor socialization, gender barriers, social partnership, female engineer, adaptation at the factory, success in life, the Urals.

Boris S. Pavlov – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, e-mail: pavlov_boris@ail.ru.

1. Zasedanie Soveta po nauke i obrazovaniiu po voprosam modernizatsii inzhenernogo obrazovaniia i kachestva podgotovki tekhnicheskikh spetsialistov 23 iiunia 2014 goda [Meeting of the Council for Science and Education on the modernization of engineering education and the quality of training of technical specialists of June 23, 2014]. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/45962 (accessed 15 June 2020).

2. Pavlov B.S., Sirazhetdinova A.A. Formirovanie kadrovogo korpusa inzhenerov na Urale: sotsiologicheskii aspekt [Formation of personnel corps of engineers in the Urals: Sociological aspect]. Ekonomika regiona, 2012, no. 1, pp. 62–75.

3. Danilova O.V., Zinnatullina N.D., Timerbaeva G.R. Formirovanie professional'noi kompetentnosti studentov tekhnicheskikh vuzov posredstvom mezhdistsiplinarnoi integratsii [Professional competence formation for students of technical institutes by means of interdisciplinary integration]. Diskussiia, 2014, no. 5(46), pp. 110–115.

4. Berne R.W. Ethics, technology, and the future: an intergenerational experience in engineering education. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 2003, vol. 23(2), pp. 88–94.

5. Dare D.E. The role of career and technical education in facilitating student transitions to postsecondary education. New directions for community colleges, 2006, no. 135, pp. 73–80.

6. Kolesnikova E.M. Inzhenernye dinastii i perspektivy professional'noi biografii molodykh spetsialistov [Engineering dynasties and professional biography prospects for students at technical institutes and universities]. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, 2018, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 55–72.

7. Kutuzov V.M., Lysenko N.V. Formirovanie professional'nykh kompetentsii v integrirovannykh programmakh inzhenernogo obrazovaniia [Fostering professional competences within integrated engineering education programs]. Inzhenernoe obrazovanie, 2016, no. 20, pp. 90–95.

8. Demidenko S.Iu. Trudoustroistvo, kar'era, mobil'nost' molodezhi: institu­tsional'nye i lichnostnye faktory [Employment, career, youth mobility: Institutional and personal factors]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2020, no. 2, pp. 160–162.

9. Kozina I.M., Vinogradova E.V. Molodye inzhenery: trudovye tsennosti i professional'naia identichnost' [Young engineers: Work values and professional identity]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniia: Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny, 2016, no. 1, pp. 215–230.

10. Varshavskaia E.Ia. Strategii poiska raboty vypusknikami vuzov: rasprostranennost' i effektivnost' [Job search strategies of university graduates: Prevalence and effectiveness]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2019, no. 7, pp. 56–66.

11. Pavlov B.S., Ikingrin E.N., Pronina E.I. Premarital matrimonial behavior among students as a subject of sociological analysis. Power, violence and justice: Reflections, responses and responsibilities. View from Russia: collected papers XIX ISA World Congress of Sociology. Toronto, Canada, Moscow, RSS, FCTAS RAS, 2018, pp. 204–217.

12. Bannikova L.N., Boronina L.N., Vishnevskii Iu.R., Kemmet E.V. [et al.]. Vosproizvodstvo inzhenernykh kadrov: vyzovy novogo vremeni [Reproduction of engineering personnel: Challenges of the modern time]. Yekaterinburg, Ural University, 2015, 364 p.

13. Lassiter V.M. Components needed for the design of a sustainable career and technical education program. Ph.D. thesis. North Carolina, 2012, 150 p.

14. Zborovskii G.E., Ambarova P.A. Sotsiologiia vysshego obrazovaniia [Sociology of higher education]. Yekaterinburg, Humanitarian University, 2019, 539 p.

15. Komu korochki inzhenera [Who wants an engineer diploma]. Ekspert Ural, 2016, no. 37(701), available at: http://expert.ru/ural/2016/37/komu-korochki-inzhenera (accessed 05 January 2019).

16. Lonshakova N.A., Pavlov B.S. Studencheskaia molodezh' na regional'nom rynke truda: problemy orientatsii i adaptatsii (na materialakh mezhregional'nykh sotsiologicheskikh issledovanii) [Student youth in the regional labor market: Problems of orientation and adaptation (based on the materials of interregional sociological research)]. Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of RAS, Chita State Technical University, Yekaterinburg, Chita, 2003, 81 p.

17. Figlin L.A., Malyi V.I. Sotsial'nyi potentsial zhenskogo predprinimatel'stva v Rossii [Social potential of women's entrepreneurship in Russia]. Saratov, Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, 2016, 276 p.

18. Mansurov V.A., Iurchenko O.V. Sotsial'nye ustanovki i status zhenshchin inzhenerov v Rossii v perekhodnyi period [Social attitudes and status of female engineers in Russia during the transition period]. Sotsiologiia i obshchestvo: sotsial'noe neravenstvo i sotsial'naia spravedlivost'. Proceedings of V All-Russ. Sociological Congress. Moscow, 2016, pp. 9278–9286.

19. Barazgova E.S. Sistema obrazovaniia Sverdlovskoi oblasti v 90-e gody: Riski razvitiia [The education system of the Sverdlovsk region in the 90s: Development risks]. Yekaterinburg, 2001, 104 p.

20. Basham J.D., Marino M.T. Understanding STEM education and supporting students through universal design for learning. Teaching exceptional children, 2013, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 8–15.

21. Weis L. [et al.]. In the guise of STEM education reform: Opportunity structures and outcomes in inclusive STEM-focused high schools. American educational research journal, 2015, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1024–1059.

This article is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of the study of internal motivators of individuals to a certain activity. An overview is given of the reflections of Russian and foreign scientists on motivation. The author emphasizes the variety of concepts in the sociology of motives for choosing activities. One of them identifies egoistic interest, social norms, and coercion, while another is focused on business, consumer, and status motives, the third is based on push and pull factors, voluntary and forced motivation.

Based on a specific sociological study, the article reveals the motives for choosing entrepreneurial and managerial activities. The authors identify three types of motivation: voluntary, mixed, and forced. The sociological study conducted by the authors revealed a significant proportion of business owners with forced motivation while ‘voluntary’ entrepreneurs predominate. Gender influence on the motivation for choosing business activity was also revealed: the voluntary nature of entrepreneurship, as it turned out, depends on the gender of the individual. The situation of women entrepreneurs looks less attractive from these positions. As a result of the research, some features of socio-professional self-identification of individuals with voluntary, mixed and forced motivation are highlighted. Some similarity of social statuses of entrepreneurs and managers, however, does not allow us to speak about the absolute identity of their motivation. Among the key motivations for entrepreneurs to choose their type of activity are ambitions to be a boss, to be free from restrictions in decision-making, a desire for independence and self-organization, realization of their potential, as well as a wish to improve the financial situation. Salaried workers tend to choose managerial jobs for material reasons, career reasons, in order to get a less risky and more stable life, as well as for self-realization, application of existing professional experience, and realization of their vocation.

Keywords: motivation, social and professional self-identification, push and pull factors, choice, entrepreneur, manager, expert survey.

Gyuzel I. Seletkova – Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: guzal.ka@mail.ru.

Evgeniya A. Lazukova – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: e.las@mail.ru.

1. Stegnii V.N., Nikonov M.V. Motivatsiia volonterskoi deiatel'nosti [Motivation of volunteering]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2018, no. 1, pp. 146–156.
2. Sevast'ianova I.G., Stegnii V.N., Abramova E.A. Motivatsiia proektnoi raboty v sovremennoi biznes-srede [Project work motivation in contemporary business environment]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2011, no. 12, pp. 51–57.
3. Kraeva E.V. Issledovanie motivatsii vypusknikov shkol pri vybore obrazovatel'noi organizatsii vysshego obrazovaniia [Study of school graduates’ motivation when choosing an organization of higher education]. Matritsa nauchnogo poznaniia, 2018, no. 9, pp. 27–36.
4. Nikiforova O.A. Fenomen motivatsii truda v sotsiologii upravleniia [Motivation for labour in sociology of management]. Izvestiia Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gertsena, 2008, no. 63-1, pp. 233–238.
5. Kovziridze M.A. Metodologicheskie podkhody k opredeleniiu motivatsii professional'noi deiatel'nosti v sotsiologii [Methodological approaches to determination of professional activity motivation in sociology]. POISK: Politika. Obshchestvovedenie. Iskusstvo. Sotsiologiia. Kul'tura, 2017, no. 2(61), pp. 82–89.
6. Popova I.M., Bessokirnaia G.P. Izmenilas' li motivatsiia truda rabochikh v 1990-e gody? Metodologiia i metody izucheniia, rezul'taty i perspektivy issledovanii [Did motivation of workers change in the 1990s? Methodology and methods of studying, results and research prospects]. Mir Rossii. Sotsiologiia. Etnologiia, 2005, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 105–137.
7. Mingaleva Zh.A., Deputatova L.N. Obshchaia kontseptual'naia model' organizatsionno-motivatsionnogo mekhanizma [General conceptual model of organizational and motivational mechanism]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2019, no. 1, pp. 189–200.
8. Kotov S.V. Motivatsiia “na uspekh” i motivatsiia “na izbeganie neudach” v kontekste pozitivnoi psikhologii [Motivation “for success” and motivation “to avoid failures” in the context of positive psychology]. Molodoi uchenyi, 2012, no. 4, pp. 360–362.
9. Raizberg B.A., Lozovskii L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Sovremennyi ekonomicheskii clovar' [Modern economic dictionary]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 1998, 479 p.
10. Radaev V.V. Ekonomicheskaia sotsiologiia [Economic sociology]. Moscow, HSE University, 2005, 603 p.
11. Schumpeter J. Die Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (Russ. ed.: Shumpeter I. Teoriia ekonomicheskogo razvitiia. Moscow, 1982, 455 p.).
12. Avtonomov V.S. Chelovek v zerkale ekonomicheskoi teorii (Ocherk istorii zapadnoi ekonomicheskoi mysli) [Man in the mirror of economic theory (An essay on the history of Western economic thought)]. Chapter II. Moscow, Nauka, 1993, available at: https://liberty-belarus.info/o-kapitalizme/kapitalizm-dlya-lyubozna­telnykh/item/551-avtonomov-v-s-chelovek-v-zerkale-ekonomicheskoj-teo­rii-ocherk-istorii-zapadnoj-ekonomi­ches­koj-mysli (accessed 04 July 2020).
13. Apospori E., Papalexandris N., Galanaki E. Entrepreneurial and professional CEOs: Differences in motive and responsibility profile. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2005, vol. 26, no. 1/2, pp. 141–163.
14. Radaev V. Etnicheskoe predprinimatel'stvo: mirovoi opyt i Rossiia [Ethnic entrepreneurship: World experience and Russia]. Polis, 1993, no. 5, pp. 79–87.
15. Fox M. Motivations for self-employment: The case of Maori in New Zealand. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1999, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 57–64.
16. Roggenkamp S.D., Kenneth R.W. Four nurse entrepreneurs: What motivated them to start their own business. Health Care Management Review, 1998, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 67–76.
17. Hisrich R.D., Grachev M.V. The Russian entrepreneur: Characteristics and prescriptions for success. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 1995, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 3–10.
18. Hancock M. Global entrepreneurship monitor. Denmark, 2004, 118 p., available at: https://www.gemconsortium.org/ (accessed 05 July 2020).
19. Minniti M., Arenius P., Langowitz N. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on Women and Entrepreneurship. 2004, 44 p., available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228270852_Global_Entrepreneurship_Monitor_2004_Report_on_Women_and_Entrepreneurship (accessed 05 July 2020).
20. Dushatskii L.E. Tsennostno-motivatsionnye dominanty rossiiskikh predprinimatelei [Value-based and motivational dominants of Russian entrepreneurs]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 1999, no. 7, pp. 91–94.

The article presents an analysis of literary sources and the practice of the conciliation procedures development, mediation in Russia for the prevention and settlement of conflicts in work with minors and their families, and some data on the demand for conciliation procedures in modern society.

The authors advance their own definition of reconciliation in dealing with conflicts, as a result of an analysis of literary sources exploring the concept of reconciliation in various branches of science, e.g. philosophy, sociology, psychology, law, supplemented by religious texts. Psychologically, reconciliation is a multi-level concept at the intrapersonal and social level of an individual. Within the conflict studies paradigm, reconciliation is seen as a factor of conflict prevention and resolution, as a process and as a result of handling a conflict to restore the spoiled relations.

The article overviews the studies of Russian scientists on the ethnic and religious traditions of reconciliation, aimed at preserving the peace and life of people from historical and modern perspectives.

The authors represent the importance and necessity of the basic value foundations of reconciliation in the work on prevention and resolution of disputes and conflicts, considering the phenomenon of reconciliation as a multi-level concept that affects both the internal motivation of individuals and their social ties, taking into account the existing traditions of reconciliation in the culture of the peoples of Russia, based on the values of peace, preserving people's lives, religious postulates. Along with the values of religious pluralism, ethnic and cultural-historical traditions of reconciliation, the authors expand the modern principles of conflict resolution by embracing the values of human rights, human dignity, the principles of human equality and their right to identity, the right to be different, the values of tolerance as recognition of the peculiarities of another person.

Keywords: reconciliation, conciliation procedures, conflict resolution, basic principles of reconciliation, religious and ethnic traditions of reconciliation, religious pluralism, human rights values, human dignity, consent, tolerance.

Tatyana I. Margolina – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Department of Social Work and Conflictology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: margolina06@mail.ru.

Polina A. Surovyatkina – Undergraduate Student, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, e-mail: polina.suroviatkina@gmail.com.

1. Allakhverdova O.V., Karpenko A.D. Mediatsiia – peregovory v situatsii konflikta [Mediation–negotiations in a conflict situation]. St. Petersburg, 2010, 178 p.
2. Antsupov A.Ia., Shipilov A.I. Rossiiskaia konfliktologiia: analiticheskii obzor 607 dissertatsii. XX vek [Russian conflictology: An analytical review of 607 theses. 20th century]. Moscow, Iuniti–Dana, 2004, 704 p.
3. Asmolov A.G. Tolerantnost' kak kul'tura XX veka [Tolerance as the culture of the 20th century]. Vek tolerantnosti. Nauchno-publitsisticheskii vestnik, 2004, no. 7, pp. 4–8.
4. Grishina N.V. Psikhologiia konflikta [Psychology of a conflict]. 3rd ed. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2016, 544 p.
5. Zdravomyslov A.G. Sotsiologiia konflikta: Rossiia na puti preodoleniia krizisa [Sociology of a conflict: Russia towards overcoming crisis]. 3rd ed. Moscow, Aspekt Press, 1996, 317 p.
6. Ivanova E.N. Konfliktologicheskoe konsul'tirovanie [Conflict counseling]. St. Petersburg, 2009, 123 p.
7. Karnozova L. Traditsionnye praktiki razresheniia konfliktov: vosstanovlenie mira v obshchine [Traditional practices of conflict resolution: Community peace recovery]. Traditsionnye praktiki uregulirovaniia konfliktov. Proceedings of Annual Seminar 2010–2014. Interregional Public Center “Judicial and Legal Reform”, 2014, pp. 5–11.
8. Karpenko A.D., Osinovskogo A.D. Mediatsiia [Mediation]. Moscow, Statut, 2016, 480 p.
9. Leonov N.I. Psikhologiia konflikta: metody izucheniia konfliktov i konfliktnogo povedeniia [Psychology of a conflict: Methods of studying conflicts and conflict behavior]. 3rd ed., Moscow, Iurait, 2020, 264 p.
10. Strebkov A.I. Konfliktologiia i mediatsiia: obshchee i osobennoe [Conflictology and mediation: General and specific]. Mediatsiia kak kul'tura soglasiia: dialog v izmeniaiushchikhsia usloviiakh. Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Ed. T.I. Margolina, V.A. Ledentsova, Perm State National Research Unviersity, Perm, 2019, pp. 30–32.
11. Shamlikashvili Ts.A. Mediatsiia – sovremennyi metod vnesudebnogo razresheniia sporov [Mediation as a modern method of out-of-court dispute resolution]. Moscow, International Center for Political Consulting, 2017, 77 p.
12. Konovalov A.Iu. Obzor pravovykh dokumentov, kacaiushchikhsia sluzhb primireniia, a takzhe vosstanovitel'noi mediatsii v obrazovatel'noi sfere [Review of legal documents related to reconciliation services, as well as restorative mediation in the educational field]. Available at: www.школьные-службы-примирения.рф (accessed 12 July 2020).
13. Margolina T.I. Mediatsiia kak kul'tura soglasiia v uregulirovanii konfliktov na mestnom urovne [The mediation as a culture of agreement: Conflict resolution at the local level]. Treteiskii sud, 2012, no. 4(82), pp. 170–176.
14. Tomil'tseva D.A. Primirenie kak vosproizvodstvo mira: teoreticheskie vozmozhnosti pereosmysleniia [Reconciliation as reproduction of peace: Theoretical possibilities for rethinking]. Politiia, 2013, no. 4(71), pp. 36–48.
15. Entsiklopediia izrechenii Sviatykh ottsov i uchitelei Tserkvi po razlichnym voprosam dukhovnoi zhizni [Encyclopedia of sayings of the Holy Fathers and teachers of the Church on various issues of spiritual life]. Available at: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/prochee/entsiklopedija-izrechenij-svjatyh-ottsov-i-uchitelej-tserkvi-po-razlichnym-voprosam-duhovnoj-zhizni/47 (accessed 12 July 2020).
16. Merlin V.S. Psikhologicheskie konflikty [Psychological conflicts]. Ocherk integral'nogo issledovaniia individual'nosti, Moscow, Pedagogika, 1986, pp. 248–253.
17. Vlasenko N.A., Chernyshova T.N. Primirenie i pravo [Reconciliation and law]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava, 2012, no. 7, pp. 91–106.
18. Chernyshova T.V. Poniatie i vidy primireniia v rossiiskom prave [Notion and kinds of reconciliation in the Russian law]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava, 2010, no. 12, pp. 116–124.
19. Davydenko D.L. Traditsii primiritel'nykh protsedur v Rossii [Traditions of conciliation procedures in Russia]. Treteiskii sud, 2003, no. 1, pp. 113–119.
20. Musaeva A.G. Primiritel'noe pravosudie u narodov Dagestana [Conciliatory justice among the peoples of Dagestan]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniia, 2015, no. 1, available at: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/ view?id=17095 (accessed 14 July 2020).
21. Shchukina R.I. Traditsionnye praktiki razresheniia konfliktov v sovremennom sotsiume (na primere Respubliki Ingushetiia) [Traditional practices of conflict resolution in modern society (on the example of the republic of Ingushetia)]. Mediatsiia kak kul'tura soglasiia: dialog v izmeniaiushchikhsia usloviiakh. Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Ed. T.I. Margolina, V.A. Ledentsova. Perm State National Research University, Perm, 2019, pp. 88–95.
22. Rukovodstvo po voprosam effektivnoi posrednicheskoi deiatel'nosti OON [UN Guide for effective mediation]. 2012, available at: https://peacemaker.un.org/ sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/GuidanceEffectiveMediation_UNDPA2012%28Russian%29_0.pdf (accessed 14 July 2020).
23. Vseobshchaia Deklaratsii prav cheloveka [Universal Declaration of human rights]. Adopted by resolution of the General Assembly 217 A(III) of Dec. 10, 1948, available at: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/declhr.shtml (accessed 14 July 2020).
24. Konstitutsiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii [The Constitution of the Russian Federation]. Adopted Dec. 12, 1993, rev. Jul. 07, 2020, available at: http://www.consultant.ru/ (accessed 14 July 2020).
25. Deklaratsii printsipov tolerantnosti [Declaration of principles on tolerance]. UNESCO, available at: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/ toleranc.shtml (accessed 13 July 2020).
26. Asmolov A.G. Po kom molchit kolokol: mediatsiia v vek peregovorov [For whom the bell keeps silent: Mediation in the century of negotiations]. Mediatsiia kak kul'tura soglasiia: dialog v izmeniaiushchikhsia usloviiakh. Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Ed. T.I. Margolina, V.A. Ledentsova. Perm, Perm State National Research University, 2019, pp. 22–26.
27. Artem'eva V.A., Danilova M.V. Analiz poniatiia “tolerantnost'” v sovremennoi nauchnoi literature [Analysis of the concept of tolerance in modern scientific literature]. Molodoi uchenyi, 2015, no. 2(82), pp. 471–474.

The article examines the scientific concepts which direct academic research of social identification of individuals, which made it possible to analyze the sociological, logical, anthropological, political science, philosophical, psychological discourses, ending up in revealing the ideas fundamental to the study of social identity. The authors argue that the sociological approach to studying the problems of social identity presupposes the most profound and versatile interpretation of this phenomenon. The novelty of the phenomenon itself, the variety of its subjects and mechanisms require their adequate reflection in sociological discourse. The authors of the article note that this presupposes the development of an integral system of agreed concepts, which holistically reflects the essence of the processes under study, while organically fitting into the established concepts of sociology. At the same time, it should be clarified that due to the fact that the category observed is distinguished by a kind of explanation that does not always correlate with practice, it needs additional empirical study. Some academic sources substantiate the importance and relevance of the analysis of the social identity of special social groups. This article approaches the problem of social identity of orphans and children in alternative care. The social identity of an orphan is treated by researchers as a specific image of oneself, which is formed under the influence of various circumstances and factors, first of all, the family of origin and the experience of living in it, as well as other institutions of socialization, such as foster families (compensated and gratuitous family care), state and state-public structures, education, authorities, media, etc.

Keywords: social identity, family, social institution, socialization institutions, orphanhood, orphans, socialization agent, family of origin, foster family.

Zinaida P. Zamaraeva – Doctor of Sociology, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Social Work and Conflictology, Perm State National Research University, е-mail: zinaidazamaraeva@mail.ru.

Darya A. Petrova – Post-graduate Student, Department of Sociology, Perm State National Research University, е-mail: shitova.d@inbox.ru.

1. Shikova R.Iu. Identichnost' molodezhi Rossii v usloviiakh sotsiokul'turnoi transformatsii [Identity of Russian youth in conditions of sociocultural transformation]. Vestnik Adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010, no. 1, available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/ item.asp?id=13456851.
2. Rybinskii E. Detstvo kak sotsial'nyi fenomen [Childhood as a social phenomenon]. Moscow, Institut detstva, 1998, 70 p.
3. Zakharova O.V. Sotsial'naia identifikatsiia i sotsial'naia identichnost' v izmeniaiushchemsia obshchestve [Social identification and social identity in a changing society]. Irkutsk, Irkutsk State University, 2010, 95 p.
4. Mikliaeva A.V., Rumiantseva P.V. Sotsial'naia identichnost' lichnosti: soderzhanie, struktura, mekhanizmy formirovaniia [Social identity of a person: Content, structure, formation mechanisms]. St. Petersburg, Herzen State Pedagogical University, 2008, available at: http://www.humanpsy.ru/miklyaeva/soc_ident_02.
5. Baklushinskii S.A., Belinskaia E.P. Razvitie predstavlenii o poniatii “sotsial'naia identichnost'” [Development of ideas about the concept of “social identity”]. Sotsial'naia psikhologiia. Moscow, 2003, рр. 356–363.
6. Zakovorotnaia M.V. Identichnost' cheloveka [Person’s identity]. Rostov-on-Don, 1999, available at: http://filosof.historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000729/index.shtml.
7. Dzheims U. Lichnost' [Personality]. Available at: www.psychology-online.net/articles/doc-1018.html.
8. Magomedova M.Z. Sotsiokul'turnaia identichnost' v usloviiakh transformiruiushchegosia obshchestva [Social and cultural identity in the terms of transforming society]. Vestnik Adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Regionovedenie: filosofiia, istoriia, sotsiologiia, iurisprudentsiia, politologiia, kul'turologiia, 2013, no. 4(130), available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sotsiokulturnaya-identichnost-v-usloviyah-transfor­mi­ruyuschegosya-obschestva.
9. Osipova G.V. Rossiiskaia sotsiologicheskaia entsiklopediia [Russian sociological encyclopedia]. Moscow, Institute of Socio-Political Research under the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR RAS), Norma, Infra-M, 1998, 664 p.
10. Lezhneva V.P. Sotsial'naia identichnost' kak fenomen: struktura, urovni, protsess formirovaniia [Social identity as a phenomenon: Structure, levels, formation process]. Kontsept, 2016, vol. 11, pp. 2341–2345.
11. Drobizheva L.M. Sotsial'nye problemy mezhnatsional'nykh otnoshenii v postsovetskoi Rossii [Social problems of international relationships in post-Soviet Russia]. Moscow, Tsentr obshchechelovecheskikh tsennostei, 2003, 376 p.
12. Kozyrev G.I. Sotsial'nye protsessy i izmeneniia [Social processes and changes]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2005, no. 3, available at: http://www.isras.ru/ files/File/Socis/2005-3/kozyrevgi.pdf.
13. Mead G. Asia (Russ. ed.: Mid Dzh. Aziia. Amerikanskaia sotsiologicheskaia mysl'. Ed. V.I. Dobren'kov, Moscow, 1994, pp. 122–128).
14. Mead G. Internalized others and the self (Russ. ed.: Mid Dzh. Internalizovannye drugie i samost'. Amerikanskaia sotsiologicheskaia mysl'. Ed. V.I. Dobren'kov. Moscow, 1994, pp. 121–122.
15. Berger P.L., Luckmann T. The social construction of reality. A treatise on sociology of knowledge (Russ. ed.: Berger P., Lukman T. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti. Traktat po sotsiologii znaniia. Moscow, Medium, 1995, 323 p.).
16.  Schutz A. The structure of everyday thinking (Russ. ed.: Shiuts A. Struktura povsednevnogo myshleniia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 1988, no. 2, available at: filosof.historicru> books>item).
17. Glazkov K. Igrovaia kontseptsiia povsednevnosti I. Gofmana: mezhdu simvolicheskim interaktsionizmom i etnometodologiei [Erving Goffman’s gaming concept of everyday life: Between symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology]. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie, 2016, no. 2, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/ n/igrovaya-kontseptsiya-povsednevnosti-i-gofmana-mezhdu-simvolicheskim-inter­ak­tsionizmom-i-etnometodologiey.
18. Olomskii A.A. Zarubezhnye podkhody k izucheniiu identichnosti lichnosti v psikhologii [Foreign approaches to the study of personality identity in psychology]. Aktual'nye voprosy psikhologii i pedagogiki v sovremennykh usloviiakh. Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. St. Petersburg, 2017, no. IV, pp. 156–161.
19.  Merton R. Social theory and social structure (Russ. ed.: Merton R. Sotsial'naia teoriia i sotsial'naia struktura. Moscow, AST, Khranitel', 2006, 873 p.).
20. Iadov V.A. Sotsial'naia identifikatsiia v krizisnom obshchestve [Social identification in crisis society]. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, 2014, no. 1, pp. 35–52.

The article gives an author's view of the systems of social human and human community. The main avenues in scientific research of individual and social phenomena at the current stage of social development are distinguished: digitalization of society, innovation and innovative processes in social life, consumer society, social atomization and disintegration of modern society, the problem of social norms in modern technical and technological conditions. The author proposes to consider social individuals and human community not in their isolated state but rather as a complex system that requires moving away from monodisciplinary and even interdisciplinary approaches that feature a hierarchy of interests, supporting the fragmentation of knowledge about the object concerned. To overcome the gaps in our knowledge about humans, it is necessary to take a systemic approach that would grant us a better understanding of emergent formations.

The author advances a theoretical model-scheme of emergent formations of complex symbiosis of personality and society. It allows us to justify that an individual as the smallest unit of the social system is able to produce emergent formations, when physically consolidated with other people. In turn, a society is neither a simple sum of individuals taken together nor a property of any part. However, it may also be treated as a phenomenon that has emerged, exists and is able to develop due to the constant interactions of people both in space and in time (intergenerational interactions). Other emergent formations localized at the individual level produce personality.

Keywords: individual phenomenon, social phenomenon, human, personality, society.

Tatyana A. Topekha – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Department of Social Work and Conflictology, Perm State National Research University, e-mail: topeha@rambler.ru.

1. Smirnov V.V. Fenomen tsifrovoi zavisimosti v usloviiakh informatsionnogo obshchestva (sotsial'no-psikhologicheskii aspekt) [The phenomenon of digital dependence in the information society (social and psychological aspect)]. Vysshee obrazovanie segodnia, 2019, no. 4, pp. 72–76.
2. Kravchenko S.A. Tsifrovye riski, metamorfozy i tsentrobezhnye tendentsii v molodezhnoi srede [Digital risks, metamorphoses and centrifugal trends among the young people]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2019, no. 8, pp. 48–57.
3. Morozova E.V., Plotichkina N.V., Popova K.I. Gosudarstvo kak agent tsifrovoi sotsializatsii [The state as an agent of digital socialization]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Politologiia, 2019, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 5–16.
4. Luchinkina A.I. Model' internet-sotsializatsii lichnosti [Model of Internet socialization of personality]. Informatsionno-psikhologicheskaia bezopasnost' lichnosti v internet-prostranstve. Simferopol, 2015, pp. 6–13.
5. Ershova R.V. Tsifrovaia sotsializatsiia lichnosti v epokhu global'nykh peremen [Digital socialization of personality in the era of global changes]. Prikladnaia psikhologiia na sluzhbe razvivaiushcheisia lichnosti. Proceedings of XVI Sci.-Pract. Conf. with Int. participation, Kolomna, 2019, pp. 49–54.
6. Ershova R.V. Poimannye odnoi set'iu [Caught by one network]. Tsifrovoe obshchestvo kak kul'turno-istoricheskii kontekst razvitiia cheloveka. Proceedings of III Int. Conf. Kolomna, 2020, pp. 132–137.
7. Zybina Iu.P. Komponenty chelovecheskogo potentsiala v sotsial'nom izmerenii (na primere Kurskoi oblasti) [Components of human potential in the social dimension (on the example of Kursk region)]. Aktual'nye problemy razvitiia chelovecheskogo potentsiala v sovremennom obshchestve. Proceedings of V Int. Sci-.Pract. Conf. Perm, 2018, pp. 121–127.
8. Balezina E.A., Forostian V.V. Uroven' doveriia kak odin iz elementov sotsial'nogo kapitala organizatsii [Trust level in information sources as one of the organization’s social capital elements]. Aktual'nye problemy razvitiia chelovecheskogo v sovremennom obshchestve. Proceedings of IV Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Perm, 2017, pp. 4–7.
9. Burko V.A. Vzaimosviaz' sotsial'nogo kapitala i modernizatsionnykh tsennostei v studencheskom kollektive [Interrelation of social capital and modernization of values in fellow student collective]. Logos et Praxis, 2019, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 131–139.
10. Orlov M.O. Obshchestvo potrebleniia kak istochnik sotsial'nykh i dukhovnykh riskov [The society of consumption as a source of social and spiritual risks]. Izvestiia Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaia seriia. Filosofiia. Psikhologiia. Pedagogika, 2020, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 43–46.
11. Korop M.M. Kommodifikatsiia kommunikatsii: tsena i tsennost' [Commodification of communication: Price and value]. Mir nauki. Sotsiologiia, filologiia, kul'turologiia, 2020, no. 1, available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/38SCSK120.pdf.
12. Armen A.S. Dukhovno-nravstvennyi krizis obshchestva potrebleniia [Moral crisis of the consumer society]. Dukhovnoe proizvodstvo v epokhu pozdnego kapitalizma. Proceedings of Int. Sci. Conf. Donetsk, 2020, pp. 230–236.
13. Shchekoturov A.V. Sotsial'nye media: stanovlenie novogo makdonal'dizirovannogo instituta [Social media: The development of a new mcdonaldized institution]. Vestnik RUDN. Sotsiologiia, 2020, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 18–29.
14. Il'in A.N. Sotsial'naia atomizatsiia i politicheskii eskapizm v usloviiakh obshchestva potrebleniia [Social atomization and political escapism in a consumer society]. Filosofiia i gumanitarnye nauki v informatsionnom obshchestve, 2018, no. 2 (20), pp. 47–66.
15. Shnurenko T.I. Integratsiia tsennostnogo polia pokolennykh grupp v kontekste dukhovnoi bezopasnosti [The integration of the axiological field of generational groups in the context of spiritual safety]. Nauchnoe mnenie, 2019, no. 12, pp. 125–129.
16. Antip'ev K.A. Puti i sredstva povysheniia sotsial'noi aktivnosti grupp mestnogo soobshchestva [Ways and means of increasing the social activity of groups of local community]. Sovremennoe obshchestvo: voprosy teorii, metodologii, metody sotsial'nykh issledovanii, Perm, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 9–14.
17. Demidova E.N., Demidov V.P. Odinochestvo sovremennogo cheloveka kak sotsial'nyi faktor reklamy [Loneliness of modern man as a social factor of advertising]. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti SPbGPU. Gumanitarnye i obshchestvennye nauki, 2015, no. 2(220), pp. 126–132.
18. Soldatova G.U., Rasskazova E.I. Sobliudenie pravil obshcheniia onlain i oflain: mezhpokolencheskii analiz [Following communication rules online and offline: Intergenerational analysis]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2019, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 73–84.
19. Semeniak I.V., Ershova R.V. Psikhofizicheskie osobennosti internet-zavisimykh lits i lits, zavisimykh ot upotrebleniia narkotikov [Psychophysical features of Internet-addicted persons and drug addicted people]. International Journal of Medicine and Psychology, 2020, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 84–91.
20. Soldatova G.U., Iliukhina S.N. Autodestruktivnoe povedenie podrostkov i molodezhi v Internete: analiz keisov [Self-destructive behavior of teenagers and young people on the Internet: Cases analysis]. Tsifrovoe obshchestvo kak kul'turno-istoricheskii kontekst razvitiia cheloveka. Proceedings of III Int. Conf. Kolomna, 2020, pp. 371–376.

The article shows the modern tools for planning the development of public authorities. The development of any territory is directly linked to the implementation of an effective state policy of territorial development, the success of which depends on a number of factors: geographical, political, economic, social, organizational and others. Since the activity of state authorities in the sphere of territorial (regional) regulation is limited by the priorities of the authorities engaged in territorial development, there is a need to determine the forecasts of their development.

In recent years, the current situation of many administrative entities – cities, districts, and localities – has invoked some concern for both the government and the administration, local authorities, large population groups, and academia. These problems resulted from to the lack of the legal regulations related to forecasting of territorial development, as well as inter-territorial relations. This circumstance became a starting point in the implementation of the state regional policy, which could warrant the effective development of territorial entities, as well as key institutions of state administration in order to ensure the performance of the functions of regional management: regulation of territorial development, planning (forecasting) of territorial development.

The paper demonstrates application of moving average to forecast changes in the main parameters (indicators) of public administration institutions by the example of the Ministry of Communications of the DPR, an executive body of the Republic. The choice was made in order to show an ability to predict the dynamics of changes in the parameters of those institutions of power that are most dependent on global trends in the field of new technologies.

Keywords: governmental institutions, territory, development, forecasting, management, method, moving average.

Dmitry V. Vasilenko – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Department of Applied and Sectoral Technology, Donetsk Academy of Management and Public Service under the Head of the Donetsk, e-mail: dima_vasilenko@list.ru.

1. Sheremet A., Saifulin R. Metody otsenki effektivnosti khoziaistvennoi deiatel'nosti [Methods for assessing the effectiveness of economic activity]. Analiz i otsenka rezul'tatov deiatel'nosti proizvodstvennykh sistem. Moscow, Finansy, 1978, pp. 132–154.

2. Pasechny L. Otsenka tekhnicheskogo urovnia proizvodstvenno-khoziaist­vennoi organizatsii [Assessment of the technical level of a production and economic organization]. Analiz i otsenka rezul'tatov deiatel'nosti proizvodstvennykh sistem. Moscow, Finansy, 1978, pp. 219–243.

3. Brazhnik M. Poniatiia sistemy, struktury i formy v upravlenii proizvodstvom [The notion of system, structure and form in production management]. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniia, 2007, no. 12, pp. 47–52.

4. Vasilenko V.N., Blagodarnyi A.I., Slokva M.G. K voprosu o neobkho­dimosti primeneniia ekonomicheskoi diagnostiki razvitiia territorii (regionov) [On the issue of the need to apply economic diagnostics of the development of territories, regions]. Ekonomika i pravo, 2007, no. 1, pp. 79–85.

5. Astapov K. Modernizatsiia sistemy faktorov ekonomicheskogo rosta [Modernization of economic factors system]. Obshchestvo i ekonomika, 2004, no. 7–8, pp. 161–187.

6. Pavlov K. Mezhregional'nye sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie otnosheniia: voprosy teorii i otsenki [Interregional socio-economic relations: Questions of theory and assessment]. Obshchestvo i ekonomika, 2003, no. 1, pp. 134–143.

7. Vasilenko V.N. Metodologiia ekonomicheskoi diagnostiki regionov [Methodology for economic diagnosing of regions]. Ekonomika Ukrainy, 2008, no. 9, pp. 4–17.

8. Revina S.N. Ekonomicheskie otnosheniia i ekonomicheskie sistemy [Economic relations and economic system]. Aktual'nye problemy pravovedeniia, 2007, no. 2, pp. 9–21.

9. Novoselov A.S. Region kak iskhodnoe poniatie teorii regional'nogo vosproizvodstva [Region as a basic term of regional reproduction theory]. Region: ekonomika i sotsiologiia, 2006, no. 3, pp. 3–14.

10. Granberg A.G. Osnovy regional'noi ekonomiki [Fundamentals of regional economy]. 2nd ed. Moscow, HSE University, 2001, 495 p.

11. Savitskaia G.V. Analiz khoziaistvennoi deiatel'nosti predpriiatiia [Analysis of economic activity of an enterprise]. 4th ed. Minsk, Novoe znanie, 1999, 688 p.

12. Pashnanov E.L. Osnovnye napravleniia issledovanii sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo regional'nogo razvitiia [Main trends in the research of social and economic regional development]. Regionologiia, 2005, no. 4, pp. 3–21.

13. Prokopenko N.D., Poklonskii F.E., Reshetniak A.A. [et al.]. Analiz i prognozirovanie razvitiia ekonomiki regiona [Analysis and forecasting of the development of the regional economy]. Kyiv, Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova dumka, 1991, 228 p.

14. Lapygin D.Iu. Metodicheskoe obespechenie protsessa razrabotki plana strategicheskogo razvitiia regiona [Methodological support for the process of developing a strategic development plan for the region]. Menedzhment v Rossii i za rubezhom, 2005, no. 6, pp. 40–52.

15. Voronkova A.E. Strategicheskoe upravlenie konkurentosposobnym potentsialom predpriiatiia: diagnostika i organizatsiia [Strategic management of competitive potential of an enterprise: Diagnostics and organization]. 2nd ed. Luhansk, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, 2004, 320 p.

16. Savchuk V.P. Finansovaia diagnostika predpriiatiia i podderzhka upravlencheskikh reshenii [Financial diagnostics of an enterprise and support of management decisions]. Finansovyi menedzher, 2007, no. 1, pp. 3–7.

17. Kolass B. Upravlenie finansovoi deiatel'nost'iu predpriiatiia. Problemy, kontseptsii i metody [Management of financial activities of an enterprise. Problems, concepts and methods]. Moscow, Finansy, Iuniti, 1997, 576 p.

18. Murav'ev A.I., Mukhin A.F., Grigor'ev Iu.A.  [et al.]. Analiz vneshneekonomicheskoi deiatel'nosti predpriiatii [Analysis of foreign economic activity of enterprises]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika, 1991, 144 p.

19. Valuev S.A., Volkova V.N. Sistemnyi analiz v ekonomike i organizatsii proizvodstva [System analysis in economics and organization of production]. Leningrad, Politekhnika, 1991, 398 p.

20. Andreeva V.G. Missiia diagnostiki v upravlenii predpriiatiem [Diagnostics mission in enterprise management]. Vestnik Donetskogo universiteta. Seriia V. Ekonomika i pravo, 2001, no 2, pp. 88–93.

The quality of institutional management in the process of modern regional development is essential. Of particular importance is the state of the institutional environment in the process of technological development at the level of a subject of the Russian Federation. The prospects for the state and development of the region largely depend on the indicators of innovative, industrial and technological development. This is especially relevant for the old industrial regions, including those that have been chosen for our research – the Sverdlovskaya and Bryansk oblasts. Though they tend to decline by many indicators, the old industrial regions have a significant potential for growth and development, which makes a thorough study of their prospects all the more important.

Despite the similarities in the development of the regions under consideration, there are also differences in the level of their innovation activity, as well as the effectiveness of restructuring to cope with new technological conditions. We assume that the reason for this is the difference in the degree of institutionalization of innovation and industrial activities.

The article analyzes formal and informal institutions of technological development at the regional level, and suggests the most optimal content. The performed evaluation of institutional management of technological development permits to conclude that it is effective in the Sverdlovskaya and Bryansk oblasts. The article also offers recommendations for improving the institutions of technological development in the regions.

The results obtained can serve as a basis for studying the institutional management of industrial development at the regional level, as well as for developing mechanisms and strategies for technological development.

Keywords: institute, old industrial region, technological development, management, regional economy, regional development.

Irina I. Rakhmeeva – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Regional, Municipal Economics and Administration, Ural State University of Economics, e-mail: smartreg66@gmail.ru.

Aleksandra N. Lysenko – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of State Management, Economic and Information Security, Bryansk State Engineering and Technological University,
e-mail: sasha14-09@mail.ru.

1. Granberg A.G., Artobolevskii S.S., Kovaleva G.A., Rossel' E.E. Restrukturizatsiia staropromyshlennykh regionov: opyt Rossii i mira [The restructuring of old industrial regions: Experience of Russia and the world]. Regional'noe razvitie i sotrudnichestvo, 1998, no. 1–2, pp. 4–23.
2. Sakharova L.A. Regional'naia ekonomika (Primorskii krai) [Regional economy (Primorsky Territory)]. Vladivostok, Far Eastern Federal University, 2003, 144 p.
3. Glonti K.M. Staropromyshlennye regiony: problemy i perspektivy razvitiia [Old-industrial regions: Problems and development perspectives]. Regionologiia, 2008, no. 4, pp. 27–36.
4. Litovchenko S.V. Analiz sovremennykh podkhodov k opredeleniiu sushchnosti staropromyshlennykh regionov [Analysis of contemporary approaches to defining the essence of old industrial regions]. Ekonomіchnii prostіr, 2014, no. 92, pp. 138–150.
5. Beer A., Weller S., Barnes T., Onur I., Ratcliffe J. e, Bailey D., Sotarauta M. The urban and regional impacts of plant closures: New methods and perspectives. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2019, no. 6(1), pp. 380–394.
6. Zlobіn І.V. Viznachennia іntegratsіinikh prіoritetіv Ukraїni v kontekstі vikoristannia potentsіalu staropromislovikh regіonіv [Defining Ukraine's integration priorities in the context of using the potential of old industrial regions]. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis. Donetsk, 2008, 19 p.
7. Kosintsev A.P. Restrukturizatsiia promyshlennosti staropromyshlennogo regiona posredstvom inostrannykh investitsii [Industrial restructuring of an old industrial region through foreign investment]. Ph.D. thesis. Yekaterinburg, 2000, 275 p.
8. Animitsa E.G., Ivanitskii V.P., Peshina E.V. V poiskakh novoi paradigmy regional'nogo razvitiia [Regional development new paradigm search]. Yekaterinburg, Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the RAS, 2005, 109 p.
9. Muller В., Finka M., Lintz G. Rise and decline of industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Berlin, Springer, 2004, 247 p.
10. Kazakova O.B. Sravnitel'nyi analiz tekhnologicheskogo razvitiia regionov PFO [A comparative analysis of the technological development of the regions of the Volga Federal District]. Ekonomika i upravlenie, 2019, no. 3(147), pp. 8–13.
11. Strelkova L.V., Kabanov S.S. Tekhnologicheskoe razvitie otraslei promyshlennosti: otsenka i perspektivy [Technological development of industry branches: Assessment and prospects]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 2012, no. 2(2), pp. 247–251. {в русском: }
12. Beliakova E.V., Beliakova A.A. Formirovanie strategii tekhnologicheskogo razvitiia promyshlennogo kompleksa regiona [Formation of technological development strategy for regional industrial complex]. Teoriia i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiia, 2014, no. 21, pp. 72–74.
13. Ermakova Zh.A. Tekhnologicheskaia modernizatsiia promyshlennosti Rossii: strategiia i organizatsionno-ekonomicheskie faktory (regional'nyi aspekt) [Technological modernization of Russian industry: Strategy and organizational and economic factors (regional aspect)]. Yekaterinburg, Institute of economics, Ural branch of RAS, 2007, 360 p.
14. Gudkova O.V., Sevriukova S.V. Pokazateli innovatsionnogo razvitiia predpriiatii regional'nogo urovnia v rossiiskoi ekonomike [Indicators of innovative development of enterprises at the regional level in the Russian economy]. Nauchnoe obozrenie. Ekonomicheskie nauki, 2018, no. 3, pp. 16–20.
15. Lisina A.N. Sovershenstvovanie mekhanizma upravleniia innovatsionnym razvitiem Brianskoi oblasti [Improving the mechanisms of management by innovative development of Bryansk region]. Vestnik INZhEKONa. Ekonomika, 2011, no. 2, pp. 393–397.
16. Sukharev O.S. Instituty regional'nogo razvitiia: kontseptual'no-prakticheskii analiz organizatsionnykh izmenenii [Regional development institutions: Conceptual and practical analysis of organizational changes]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: Teoriia i praktika, 2012, no. 4(259), pp. 2–12.
17. Rakhmeeva I.I. Trendy razvitiia innovatsionnoi infrastruktury Sverdlovskoi oblasti [Trends in development of innovation infrastructure in Sverdlovsk region]. Upravlenets, 2013, no. 6(46), pp. 16–20.
18. North D.C., Thomas R.P. The rise of the western world. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, 170 p.
19. Kotliarova S.N. Formirovanie i razvitie regional'nykh institutov [Regional institutions: Formation and development]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, 2014, no. 3(27), pp. 99–109.
20. Dobler C. The impact of formal and informal institutions on per capita income. Stuttgart, Universitat Hohenheim, 2009, 38 p.

The article is devoted to transport and logistics in the Novosibirsk oblast. The purpose of the work was to identify the place and role of one of the leading economic spheres of the Novosibirsk region, transport and logistics, in the economy of Russia, Siberia (within the borders of the West and East Siberian economic regions) and the Siberian Federal district, based on the analysis of current statistical data. The analysis of up-to-date statistical information resulted in a comprehensive economic description of the regional transport system, assessing its role and place in the regional economy, trends and prospects. The paper estimates the transport and geographical position of the region with the representation of its cartographic model. It is noted that the benefits of transport and geographical location with a high level of transport infrastructure development make the Novosibirsk oblast the core of economic activity of the entire South Siberian macroregion. A developed interregional network of routes and a powerful transport and logistics complex form a huge potential allowing the region to consolidate its status as the country's largest transport and distribution hub in the area from the Ural mountains to the Pacific coast. The paper also shows the features of the spatial organization of the transport and logistics complex of the Novosibirsk oblast. The authors state that the main volume of transportation is performed by urban districts and municipal districts situated on the main transport routes within the Novosibirsk agglomeration, while most of the region's territory has an extremely low level of transport accessibility. Original graphic models and maps are presented that reflect the importance of the region's transport system in the country's economy, the level of its development, and the features of its spatial organization.

Keywords: economy of the Novosibirsk oblast, transport and logistics complex of the region, transport complex, transport and geographical location of the Novosibirsk oblast.

Sergey V. Patsala – Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, e-mail: s-pacala@mail.ru.

Nadezhda V. Goroshko – Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University; Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, e-mail: goroshko1@mail.ru.

1. Pozdniakova T.M., Pozdniakova A.M. Rol' transportnogo faktora v razvitii regiona na primere Novosibirskoi oblasti [Role of the transport factor in development of the region on the example of the Novosibirsk region]. Vestnik Priamurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. Sholom-Aleikhema, 2018, no. 3(32), pp. 58–66.
2. Novosibirskaia oblast': priroda, naselenie, khoziaistvo [Novosibirsk region: Nature, population, economy]. Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 2006, 116 p.
3. Tkachenko V.Ia., Pertsev V.P. Sukhoputnyi transport Sibiri: formirovanie opornoi seti zheleznykh i avtomobil'nykh dorog [Land transportation in Siberia: The formation of a backbone network of railways and highways]. Novosibirsk, Institute of History of Siberian Branch of RAS, 2003, 312 p.
4. Danilina N.V. Osobennosti sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Novosibirskoi oblasti [The peculiarities of socio-economic development of Novosibirsk region]. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo, 2011, no. 3, pp. 148–154.
5. Strategicheskii plan ustoichivogo razvitiia goroda Novosibirska [Strategic plan for sustainable development of Novosibirsk]. Available at: https://novo-sibirsk.ru/upload/stratplan.pdf.
6. Aerodromy i aeroporty [Airfields and airports]. Federal Air Transport Agency, available at: URL: http://favt.ru/dejatelnost-ajeroporty-i-ajerodromy.
7. Bandman M.K., Malov V.Iu. (Eds.). Problemnye regiony resursnogo tipa: programmy, proekty i transportnye koridory [Resource-based troubled regions: Programmes, projects and transport corridors]. Novosibirsk, Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of RAS, 2000, 264 p.
8. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli [Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2019, 1204 p.
9. Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik [Russian statistical yearbook]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2019, 708 p.
10. Strategiia sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Novosibirskoi oblasti na period do 2030 goda [Strategy of socio-economic development of the Novosibirsk region up to 2030]. Available at: https://www.nso.ru/page/2412.
11. Kompleksnyi plan transportnogo obsluzhivaniia naseleniia Novosibirskoi oblasti na sredne- i dolgosrochnuiu perspektivu (do 2030 goda) v chasti prigorodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok [A comprehensive plan of transport services for the population of the Novosibirsk region for the medium and long term (until 2030) related to suburban passenger traffic]. Novosibirsk, 2015, 118 p.
12. Pokrovskaia O.D., Zacheshigriva M.A. Rol' Novosibirskogo mul'timodal'nogo transportnogo uzla v transportno-logisticheskom klastere Rossii [Role of the Novosibirsk multimodal transport hub in Russia’s transport and logistics cluster]. Izvestiia PGUPS, 2015, no. 3, pp. 85–103.
13. Osnovnye statisticheskie pokazateli po 490 munitsipal'nym obrazovaniiam Novosibirskoi oblasti za ianvar'–dekabr' 2018 goda [Main statistical indicators for 490 municipalities of the Novosibirsk region for January-December 2018]. Novosibirsk, Territorial body of Federal State Statistics Service on Novosibirsk region, 2019.
14. ZhD Media. Statistika za 2019 god. Passazhiropotok na zhd vokzalakh Rossii [Railway Media. Statistics for 2019. Passenger traffic at railway stations in Russia]. Available at: http://www.zd-media.ru/statistika/stations-2019.htm.
15. Glavnyi sibirskii aviauzel: nastoiashchee i budushchee (OAO “Aeroport Tolmachevo”) [The main Siberian air hub: The present and the future (OAO “Airport Tolmachevo”)]. Transport Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 2008, no. 2(15), pp. 32–33.
16. Komarov K.L. (Ed.). Novosibirskii mul'timodal'nyi transportnyi uzel [Novosibirsk multimodal transport hub]. Novosibirsk, Siberian State Transport University, 2003, 351 p.
17. Ageeva V.V., Shil'tsova E.A. Transportnaia infrastruktura Novosibirskogo aeroporta “Tolmachevo”: sovremennoe sostoianie i perspektivnye napravleniia razvitiia [Transport infrastructure of the Novosibirsk airport “Tolmachevo”: Current state and perspective directions of development]. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk, 2016, no. 5-2, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/transportnaya-infrastruktura-novosibirskogo-aeroporta-tolmachevo-sovre­men­noe-sostoyanie-i-perspektivnye-napravleniya-razvitiya.
18. Pliusnina V.M. (Ed.). Geografiia Sibiri v nachale XXI veka [Geography of Siberia in the early 21st century]. Vol. 5. Zapadnaia Sibir'. Ed. Iu.I. Vinokurov, B.A. Krasnoiarova. Novosibirsk, Geo, 2016, 447 p.
19. Voronenko A.L. Transportno-logisticheskie vozmozhnosti severnogo morskogo puti v obespechenii evroaziatskikh torgovykh sviazei [Transport and logistics capabilities of the Northern Sea Route to ensure Euro-Asian trade relations]. Vestnik Khabarovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava, 2017, no. 6(92), pp. 170–175.
20. Kozlov L.N., Beliakov A.A. Irtyshsko-Obskaia glubokovodnaia magistral' ot Kitaia do severnogo morskogo puti v sostave transportno-energeticheskoi vodnoi sistemy (TEVS) Evrazii [Irtysh-Ob’ deep-water way from China to the northern sea route as a part of water transportation energy system of Euro-Asia]. Evraziiskaia ekonomicheskaia integratsiia, 2009, no. 3(4), pp. 132–143.
21. Chernyshev S. Idem na vostok [We are going to the east]. Ekspert Sibir', 2014, pp. 17, available at: https://expert.ru/siberia/2014/17/idem-na-vostok.

The article deals with the important issues of modeling an effective mechanism adapted for implementing the strategy of sustainable development of an oil-and-gas enterprise to manage its intellectual capital. In doing so, the experience of a particular enterprise, OOO LUKOIL-Premnefteorgsintez (Russia), has been thoroughly analyzed. The specifics of the corporate activities and strategic priorities for its development are presented, with a focus on the strategy of sustainable development.

The article reviews the main approaches to creating mechanisms for managing the intellectual capital of organizations and draws conclusions about the feasibility of using modeling-based approaches. Modeling is implemented on the basis of a cognitive approach, the use of systematized models of the organization and is performed by an active management subject directly involved in the modeling processes, supported by reflexive management and modern digital capabilities. These features are meant to be implemented on the basis of a network digital platform for supporting management entities and automating the processing of expert assessment information.

The paper presents an algorithm for forming a mechanism to manage intellectual capital, and features of using the Lens tool for that purpose, offered in the new version of the European EFQM model. The article reveals the features of forming a ‘Lens’ for the purpose of modeling the intellectual capital management mechanism of an enterprise, and offers a working definition of this concept.

Conclusions are drawn about the possibilities of obtaining significant results in improving the objectivity of decision-making, the consistency of goals and actions with the company's strategy, and the speed of response. The outlined approach to modeling testifies to the breakthrough thinking necessary to ensure the outpacing growth dynamics of the main indicators of the oil-and-gas industry.

Keywords: oil and gas industry enterprise, sustainable development, intellectual capital management mechanism, cognitive modeling, EFQM model, active management entity, digital network platform.

Sergey M. Andronov – General Director, OOO LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez, e-mail: Sergej.Andronov@pnos.lukoil.com.

1. Anielski M. The Economics of happiness: Building genuine wealth. BC, New Society Publishers, 2007, 288 р.
2. Budushchie perspektivy [Fututre prospects]. The KPMG Survey of corporate responsibility reporting, 2017, 68 p., available at: https://kpmg.com/crreporting (accessed 07 May 2020).
3. Low J. The value creation index. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2000, no. 1(3), pp. 252–262.
4. Asiaei К. Intellectual capital and organizational performance: The mediating role of performance measurement system. Ph.D. thesis. University of Malaya, Malaysia, Kualalumpur, 2014, 440 p.
5. Molodchik M.A. Intellektual'nyi kapital kompanii: diagnostika i podkhody k upravleniiu [Intellectual capital of the company: Diagnostics and approaches to management]. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic university, 2012, 219 p.
6. Komarov S.V., Mukhametshin A.N. Metodologicheskii analiz kategorii “Nematerial'nyi kapital” [Theoretical and methodological foundations of the economic categories of intangible assets]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2012, no. 13, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metodologicheskiy-analiz-kategorii-nematerialnyy-kapital (accessed 07 May 2020).
7. Edvinsson L. Developing intellectual capital at Scandia. Long range planning, 1997, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 366–374, available at: http://capitalintelectual. egc.ufsc.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/7-edvinsson.pdf.
8. Matos F., Vairinhos V., Selig P.M., Edvinsson L. Intellectual capital management as a driver of sustainability. Springer International Publishing AG, 2019, 242 p.
9. Grosul M.V., Garanina T.A., Andreev A.V., Ivanov A.Iu. Upravlenie intellektual'nym kapitalom v bloke neftepererabotki, neftekhimii, gazopererabotki PAO “LUKOIL” [Intellectual capital management in block of refining, petrochemistry and gas processing of PJSC Lukoil]. Innovatsii,  2016, no. 5(211), pp. 71–78.
10. Tobin¢s Q. Ratio for S&P 500 Firms. Available at: https://ycharts.com/ compa­nies/LUKOY/tobin_q (accessed 07 May 2020).
11. Strategiia razvitiia OOO “LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez” na period do 2028 g. [Development strategy of LLC Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez up to 2028]. Available at: http://global.corp.lukoil.com/portals/npzperm/Pages/Default.aspx (accessed 07 May 2020).
12. Andronov S.M. Formirovanie organizatsionnykh osnov effektivnogo upravleniia intellektual'nym kapitalom vysokotekhnologichnogo predpriiatiia neftegazovoi otrasli [Formation of the organizational foundations for effective management of intellectual capital of a high-tech enterprise in the oil and gas industry]. Shumpeterovskie chteniia. Proceedings of Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020, pp. 19–30.
13. Avdeeva Z.K., Kovriga S.V., Makarenko D.I., Maksimov V.I. Kognitivnyi podkhod v upravlenii [Cognitive approach in control]. Problemy upravleniia, 2007, no. 3, pp. 2–8.
14. Abramova N.A., Kovriga S.V., Portsev R.Iu. O razvitii refleksivnogo podkhoda k analizu obosnovaniia sub"ektivnykh upravlencheskikh reshenii posredstvom kognitivnogo modelirovaniia [On the development of reflexive approach to analysis of control decisions validity by cognitive mapping]. Upravlenie bol'shimi sistemami, 2018, no. 76, pp. 26–76.
15. The EFQM Model as a guideline for improving organisational development. Available at: https://knowledgebase.digitalefqm.com/ (accessed 07 May 2020).
16. Konti T. Samootsenka v organizatsiiakh [Self-esteem in organizations]. Moscow, Standarty i kachestvo, 2000, 328 p.
17. Akatov N.B., Briukhanov D.Iu., Safonov A.A. Model' EFQM 2020: ustoichivyi uspekh v dolgosrochnoi perspektive organizatsii [The EFQM model 2020: Sustainable success over the long term]. Standarty i kachestvo, 2019, 11(989), pp. 24–28.
18. The EFQM innovation lens. Available at: https://mimeo.digital/ (accessed 07 May 2020).
19. Orekhov V.I., Orekhova T.R., Karagodina O.V. Kognitivnaia ekonomika: teoriia i praktika [Cognitive economics: Theory and practice]. Moscow, Moscow Institute of Contemporary Academic Education, 2014, 132 p.
20. Akatov N.B., Alenina K.A. Kompetentnostnyi potentsial upravleniia vysokotekhnologichnykh promyshlennykh predpriiatii [Competence potential of managing high-tech industrial enterprises]. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2018, 150 p.
21. Belkin V.N., Bezobrazova Iu.V. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie osnovy opportunizma rabotnikov rossiiskikh predpriiatii [Socio-economic fundamentals of opportunism of Russian enterprises’ workers]. Yekaterinburg, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2011, 160 p.
22. Popov E.V. Transaktsii [Transactions]. Yekaterinburg, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2011, 679 p.
23. Lepskii V.E. Refleksivno-aktivnye sredy innovatsionnogo razvitiia [Reflexively active environments of innovative development]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr, 2010, 255 p.
24. Issledovanie vospriiatiia personalom kachestva svoei trudovoi zaniatosti: otchety [Research on staff perception of quality of their work. 2010–2018]. Perm, OOO LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez, available at: http://global.corp.lukoil.com/portals/npzperm/ divisions/orpk/DocLib3/Forms/AllItems.aspx (accessed 07 May 2020).

One of the most common types of insurance is car insurance. This is due to the fact that the number of cars on the roads is rapidly increasing every day, and therefore there is a greater chance of getting into a traffic accident.

In the Russian Federation, there are 2 types of car insurance: voluntary and compulsory motor third party liability insurance. According to the law, each vehicle owner must have a compulsory motor liability insurance policy.

Losses can be compensated both with the participation of traffic police officers and without them through the European Accident Statement. In the SOGAZ insurance company, losses are most often regulated through the European Accident Statement. Today, all minor accidents are registered only through a traffic accident notification, but not all policyholders have a complete understanding of the European Accident Statement and often make mistakes.

The European Accident Statement has long been used in most countries of the world, which makes it convenient when traveling by car abroad (provided that there is a "Green Card").

The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of a traffic accident notice (the European Accident Statement) and the settlement of road accident losses through this protocol.

The European Accident Statement is a very useful thing in its concept. But its insufficient legal base, unfortunately, does not allow to popularize the procedure. In addition, the practice of its application introduces its own adjustments. In this regard, the self-registration of a traffic accident is largely associated with certain risks. The complexity of the system and the lack of awareness of this tool is the reason for many mistakes made by policyholders in registering a traffic accident. Due to these errors, problems may arise with insurance compensation under the compulsory motor third party liability insurance policy.

At the same time, the share of refusals to compensate for damages because of incorrect registration by the European Accident Statement is one to five percent of the total number of requests. So, in the vast majority of cases, road accident participants are rather capable of coping with the task.

The system of the European Accident Statement in Russia continues to improve and one can be sure that in future it will definitely ease the process of compensating the losses.

Keywords: losses, European Accident Statement, insurance, participants, compensation, car, accident, car insurance, liability, market relations.

Galina E. Kontsevich – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines, Zheleznovodsk Branch of the Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, е-mail: galinakoncevich@rambler.ru.

1. Baburina N.A. Strakhovoe delo. Strakhovoi rynok Rossii [Insurance business. Insurance market of Russia]. Moscow, Iurait, 2019, 128 p.
2. Akoff R. Planirovanie budushchego korporatsii [Planning of corporation future]. Moscow, Progress, 2018, 328 p.
3. Gvozdenko S.N. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. Moscow, TK Velbi, Prospekt, 2016, 464 p.
4. Safuanov V.A., Sharif'ianova Z.F. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. Moscow, Prometei, 2018, 144 p.
5. Astratova G.V. Osobennosti vozniknoveniia i razvitiia strakhovaniia v Rossii [Origin and development of insurance in Russia]. St. Petersburg, Mysl', 2017, 434 p.
6. Arenkov I.A. Marketing-menedzhment na krupnykh rossiiskikh predpriia­tiiakh [Marketing management at large Russian enterprises]. St. Petersburg, SPb Izvestiia, 2017, 355 p.
7. Stadii zhiznennogo tsikla produkta [Stages of product lifecycle]. Available at: http://powerbranding.ru/marketing-strategy/razvitiye-tovara (accessed 11.03.2020).
8. Khominich I.P. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. St. Petersburg, Progress, 2018, 224 p.
9. Braverman A.A. Strakhovanie v rossiiskoi ekonomike perekhodnogo perioda: Metodologiia i praktika [Insurance in Russian transition economy: Methodology and practice]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 637 p.
10. Chernova E.G. Strakhovanie i upravlenie riskami [Insurance and risk management]. Moscow, Iurait, 2018, 768 p.
11. Funktsii strakhovaniia [Insurance options]. Available at: http://ecsocman. hse.ru/text/19171755/ (accessed 24 May 2020).
12. 12. Balabanova L.V. Optovaia torgovlia [Wholesale]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2018, 207 p.
13. 13. Ponomareva T.N. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. St. Petersburg, Progress, 2018, 321 p.
14. 14. Bagiev G.L. Strakhovanie: Informatsionnoe obespechenie, diagnostika [Insurance: Information support, diagnostics]. St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg University of Economics, 2017, 140 p.
15. 15. Ermasov S.V. Strakhovanie: v 2 ch. [Insurance. In 2 parts]. St. Petersburg, Pravda, 2019, 475 p.
16. 16. Aunapu F.F. Nauchnye metody priniatiia reshenii v upravlenii proizvodstvom [Scientific decision-making methods in production management]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 134 p.
17. 17. Azoev G.L. Konkurentsiia: analiz, strategiia i praktika [Competition: Analysis, strategy and practice]. Moscow, Economics and Marketing Centre, 2017, 208 p.
18. 18. Vendelin A.G. Podgotovka i priniatie upravlencheskogo resheniia: Metodologicheskii aspekt [Preparation and adoption of management decisions: Methodological aspect]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 150 p.
19. 19. Bagiev G.L. Strakhovanie v sisteme upravleniia predprinimatel'stvom [Insurance in the business management system]. Podolsk, 2016, 231 p.
20. 20. Sharif'ianova Z.F. Strakhovanie: Informatsionnoe obespechenie, diagnostika [Insurance: Information support, diagnostics]. St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg University of Economics, 2018, 180 p.

The article discusses the correlation between quality of life and the number of non-profit organizations (NPOs). Currently, there is no generally accepted definition of “quality of life.” Most authors focus on monetary and physical indicators of quality of life, reflecting the material well-being of the population. To characterize the concept, we consider a system of social indicators, which are directly or indirectly affected by the activities of NPOs. In current socio-economic conditions, NPOs contribute to solving a significant part of the acute problems of social engineering, raising funds for their project implementation through competitions at the federal, regional or municipal levels.

We have established a directly proportional dependence of the change in quality of life on the number of NPOs. However, there is a problem of determining the exact number of active NPOs since no agency provides such data. In this regard, a method of mathematical modeling of the NPO’s life cycle was used to obtain numerical estimates of the people’s life quality. The developed theory is based on the general principles of the behavior of open non-equilibrium systems and uses the well-developed mathematical methods of chemical kinetics. Since quality of life is a multiplicative value, we have introduced the concept of a complex indicator of quality of life. Mathematical modeling made it possible to predict the dynamic behavior of the socio-economic system depending on the total number of NPOs Θ(t), with changes in the parameters characterizing the intensity of the formation and disappearance of NPOs. It is shown that with a limited resource of the socio-economic system, the number of NPOs initially increases but then drops because of a finite average “life expectancy” of a single NPO. The moment of time t = τmax is calculated at which the maximum possible number of NPOs is formed in a society. In the case of inequality in the system τ > τmax, a critical transition to another law occurs, i.e. to a sharp fall Θ, as well as indicators of quality of life of the population. The latter can be avoided by timely introduction of the required amount of resources into the socio-economic system from the outside, by state support. Thus, the developed approach makes it possible to control the flow of key socio-economic processes over time.

Keywords: non-profit organizations, the quality of life, math modeling, dynamic behavior, “life expectancy” of NPOs, socio-economic processes.

Anastasiya A. Lunegova – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Industrial and Civil Construction, Northeastern State University, е-mail: laaru@rambler.ru

Aleksandr V. Bolotin – Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Industrial and Civil Construction, Northeastern State University, е-mail: alexandr_bolotin@mail.ru.

1. Lunegova A.A., Bolotin A.V. O roli nekommercheskikh organizatsii v povyshenii kachestva zhizni naseleniia [On the role of nonprofit organizations in improving the living standards of population]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2018, no. 3, pp. 316–326.
2. Bolotin A.V., Maga I.M., Nechiporuk V.V., Tkach V.I. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie v mikrobiologii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii pishchevykh dobavok [Mathematical modelling in microbiology and chemical technology of food additives]. Uzhgorod, Izdatel'stvo V. Padiaka, 2014, 368 p.
3. Kovtun V.N., Bolotin A.V. O dinamicheskom povedenii sistemy Ni–H2SO4 v oblasti vysokikh anodnykh potentsialov v zavisimosti ot rezhimov elektroliza [Dynamic behavior of Ni–H2SO4 system at high anodic potentials and different electrolysis conditions]. Elektrokhimiia, 2005, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 111–115.
4. Bespalov A.V., Kharitonov N.I. Sistemy upravleniia khimiko-tekhnologicheskimi protsessami [Control systems for chemical-technological processes]. Moscow, Akademkniga, 2007, 690 p.
5. Kolemaev V.A. Matematicheskaia ekonomika [Mathematical economics]. Moscow, Iuniti-Dana, 2002, 399 p.
6. Minaeva T.A. Rol' nekommercheskikh organizatsii v povyshenii kachestva zhizni naseleniia [The role of nonprofit organizations in improving the quality of life of the population]. Vestnik KemGU. Politicheskie, sotsiologicheskie i ekonomicheskie nauki, 2017, no. 4, pp. 4–10.
7. Lunegova A.A., Bolotin A.V. Teoreticheskii analiz dinamiki rosta chislennosti nekommercheskikh organizatsii v Rossii [Theoretical analysis of the growth dynamics of the number of non-profit organizations in Russia]. PNRPU Socioloy and Economics Bulletin, 2019, no. 1, pp. 245–259.
8. Riznichenko G.G., Rubin A.B. Biofizicheskaia dinamika produktsionnykh protsessov [Biophysical dynamics of production processes]. Moscow, Izhevsk, Institut komp'iuternykh issledovanii, 2004, 464 p.
9. Ostapchuk N.V. Osnovy matematicheskogo modelirovaniia protsessov pishchevykh proizvodstv [Fundamentals of mathematical modelling of food production processes]. Kyiv, Vysshaia shkola, 1991, 370 p.
10. Gerasimova Ia.I. (Ed.). Kurs fizicheskoi khimii [Physical chemistry course]. Vol. II. Moscow, Khimiia, 1973, 624 p.
11. Emanuel N.M., Knorre D.G. The course of chemical kinetics (Russ. ed.: Emanuel' N.M., Knorre D.G. Kurs khimicheskoi kinetiki. 4th ed. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1984, 463 p.).
12. Semiokhin I.A., Strakhov B.V., Osipov A.I. Kinetika khimicheskikh reaktsii [Kinetics of chemical reactions]. Moscow, Moscow State University, 1995, 351 p.
13. Kubasov A.A. Khimicheskaia kinetika i kataliz. Ch. 1. Statisticheski ravnovesnaia fenomenologicheskaia kinetika [Chemical kinetics and catalysis. Part 1. Statistically equilibrium phenomenological kinetics]. Moscow, Moscow State University, 2004, 144 p.
14. Zel'dovich Ia.B., Barenblatt G.I., Librovich V.B., Makhvidze G.M. Matematicheskaia teoriia goreniia i vzryva [The mathematical theory of combustion and explosion]. Moscow, Nauka, 1980, 478 p.
15. Bykov V.I. Modelirovanie kriticheskikh iavlenii v khimicheskoi kinetike [Modelling critical phenomena in chemical kinetics]. Moscow, Nauka, 1988, 263 p.
16. Polak L.S., Mikhailov A.S. Samoorganizatsiia v neravnovesnykh fiziko-khimicheskikh sistemakh [Self-organization in non-equilibrium physicochemical systems]. Moscow, Nauka, 1983, 289 p.
17. Frank-Kamenetskii D.A. Diffuziia i teploperedacha v khimicheskoi kinetike [Diffusion and heat transfer in chemical kinetics]. Moscow, Nauka, 1987, 802 p.
18. Kol'tsova E.M., Gordeev L.S. Metody sinergetiki v khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii [Synergetic methods in chemistry and chemical technology]. Moscow, Khimiia, 1999, 256 p.
19. Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik [Russian statistical yearbook]. Rosstat, Moscow, 2017, 686 p.
20. Osnovnye itogi deiatel'nosti Ministerstva iustitsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2017 god [Main results of the activity of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in 2017]. Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, available at: http://www.minjust.ru/ (accessed 23 July 2019).

The “Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2025”, approved in February 2019, highlights such innovations as promising economic specializations of regions, macro-regions, promising centers of economic growth and geostrategic territories. Critical comments were made in the scientific publications on each innovation. However, quantitative comparisons between innovations have not yet been made. The article presents the results of comparing the first two innovations. The initial hypothesis of the study was that the unification of Russian regions into macro-regions should correspond to the grouping of regions according to promising economic specializations. To test the hypothesis, a measure of inter-regional differences in the combination of promising specializations is proposed, an algorithm for grouping regions based on this measure is developed, and a quantitative criterion is introduced for accepting or rejecting the original hypothesis. The initial data are taken from two applications to the Spatial Development Strategy. Calculations showed that macro-regions’ correspondence to the grouping of regions by a combination of promising specializations is 28 per cent only. Therefore, the original hypothesis was rejected as erroneous and an alternative hypothesis was adopted, according to which macro-regions represent an arbitrary set of regions without taking into account the similarity of promising economic specializations. It is noted that when identifying macro-regions in the strategy, the economic concepts of “soft spaces” and “regional convergence” were considered. The main shortcomings of promising specializations for the regions proposed in the strategy are listed. The practical application of the results obtained can be associated with the adjustment of the Spatial Development Strategy and the creation of strategies for the socio-economic development of Russian regions.

Keywords: regional economy, spatial development strategy, macro-region, promising economic specialization, interregional difference, Russian Federation.

Viktor I. Blanutsa – Doctor of Geography, Expert on Economic Sciences of RAS, Leading Researcher, the V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Irkutsk Scientific Center, the Siberian Branch of RAS, e-mail: blanutsa@list.ru.

1. Ob utverzhdenii Strategii prostranstvennogo razvitiia do 2025 goda [On approval of the spatial development strategy up to 2025]. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of Feb. 13, 2019 no. 207-р, available at: http://static.government.ru/media/files/UVAlqUtT08o60 RktoOXl22JjAe7irNxc.pdf (accessed 20 May 2020).
2. Kotov A.V. Eksportoorientirovannaia syr'evaia model' rossiiskoi ekonomiki: v poiskakh novoi modeli prostranstvennogo razvitiia [Export-oriented raw material model of the Russian economy: In search of a new model of spatial development]. Natsional'naia bezopasnost' i strategicheskoe planirovanie, 2019, no. 2, pp. 5–16.
3. Kuznetsova O.V. Strategiia prostranstvennogo razvitiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii: illiuziia reshenii i real'nost' problem [Problems of elaboration of spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation]. Prostranstvennaia ekonomika, 2019, pp. 15, no. 4, pp. 107–125.
4. Leksin V.N. Dorogi, kotorye my ne vybiraem (o pravitel'stvennoi “Strategii prostranstvennogo razvitiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda”) [The roads that we do not choose (on the government “strategy of spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025”)]. Rossiiskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal, 2019, no. 3, pp. 3–24.
5. Ivanov O.B., Bukhval'd E.M. “Perspektivnaia ekonomicheskaia spetsializatsiia” kak novatsiia politiki regional'nogo razvitiia [“Perspective economic specialization” as the innovation of the regional development policy]. ETAP: ekonomicheskaia teoriia, analiz, praktika, 2019, no. 6, pp. 49–65.
6. Smirnova O.P., Averina L.M. Issledovanie osobennostei perspektivnoi ekonomicheskoi spetsializatsii industrial'nogo regiona [A study into the patterns of future business specialization of the industrial region’s economy]. Regional'naia ekonomika: teoriia i praktika, 2019, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1006–1018.
7. Bukhval'd E.M. Makroregiony kak novatsiia strategirovaniia prostranstvennogo razvitiia ekonomiki Rossii [Macroregions as the innovation in strategizing the spatial development of the Russian economy]. Regional'naia ekonomika. Iug Rossii, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 18–28.
8. Stepus' I. Makroregiony v sisteme upravleniia prostranstvennym razvitiem Rossii [Macroregions in the Russian spatial development management system]. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniia, 2019, no. 1, pp. 46–54.
9. Laan L.V.D., Schalke R. Reality versus policy: The delineation and testing of local labor market and spatial policy areas. European Planning Studies, 2001, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 201–222.
10. Karlsson C., Olsson M. The identification of functional regions: Theory, methods, and applications. Annals of Regional Science, 2006, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1–18.
11. Blanutsa V.I. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe raionirovanie v epokhu bol'shikh dannykh [Socio-economic zoning in the age of big data]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 2018, 194 p.
12. Tursie C. Macro-regional strategies of European integration. What can the Danube Region learn from the Baltic Sea Region? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, vol. 183, pp. 1–10.
13. Locatelli A., Ciani E., Pagnini M. TFP differentials across Italian macro-regions: An analysis of manufacturing corporations between 1995 and 2015. Politica Economica, 2019, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 209–242.
14. Preobrazhenskii Iu.V. Raionirovanie Uralo-Povolzh'ia dlia tselei prostranstvennogo planirovaniia [The zoning of the Ural-Volga region for spatial planning purposes]. Izvestiia Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaia seriia. Nauki o Zemle, 2019, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 97–103.
15. Allmendinger P., Haughton G. Soft spaces, fuzzy boundaries and metagovernance: The new spatial planning in the Thames Gateway. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2009, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 617–633.
16. Allmendinger P., Chilla T., Sielker F. Europeanizing territoriality – towards soft spaces? Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2014, vol. 46, no 11, pp. 2703–2717.
17. Sala-i-Martin X. Regional cohesion: Evidence and theories of regional growth and convergence. European Economic Review, 1996, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1325–1352.
18. Barrios C., Flores E., Angeles M.M. Club convergence in innovation activity across European regions. Papers in Regional Science, 2019, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1545–1565.
19. Marelli E.P., Parisi M.L., Signorelli M. Economic convergence in the EU and Eurozone. Journal of Economic Studies, 2019, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1332–1344.
20. Blanutsa V.I. Territorial structure of the Russian digital economy: Preliminary delimitation of smart urban agglomerations and regions. Regional Research of Russia, 2019, vol. 9, no 4, pp. 17–35.

The field of employment is one the most important areas of social life. It affects the interests of vast majority of the population and serves as a key source of income. The traditional model of employment for the current period is deformed in the uncertainty faced by the modern world due to the influence of global trends (digitalization of the economy, automation and robotization of production, population ageing, etc.). There are new forms of labor relations, increasing opportunities for teleworking and self-employment. The nature of labor activity is changing, the understanding of social guarantees is blurring and so on. The contradictory nature of the future work contributes to the emergence of a large number of views on its development, with the practices of popular participation in socially useful activity playing a particular role. Despite widespread interest in the issues of employment transformation, the discussion regarding understanding of this phenomenon have not been developed enough, thus shaping the purpose of the article. The analysis of domestic and foreign academic literature on the declared topic permitted to identify various interpretations of the process under consideration, focusing on the particular historical context, authorities' activities, reproduction of labour force, institutional environment and forms of implementation. In response to controversial provisions discovered, we conceptualized the understanding of the employment transformation as a process of profound changes in social and economic relations, resulting in qualitative shifts in the existing practices of popular participation in income-generating activity of social value. In conclusion, the article reflects on the prospects for further study, aiming at explaining the place and role of the employment transformation in the evolution of a holistic social and economic system.

Keywords: employment transformation, labour market, future of work, labour relations, employment, workforce.

Andrey V. Popov – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Research of the Level and Way of Life, Vologda Research Center of RAS, e-mail: ai.popov@yahoo.com.

1. The future of work. OECD Employment Outlook 2019. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/employment/Employment-Outlook-2019-Highlight-EN.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
2. White paper. Eight futures of work. Scenarios and their Implications. Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOW_Eight_Futures.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
3. Shipilov A.V. Zhizn' bez truda? Eto estestvenno [Life without labor? It’s natural]. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, 2019, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 153–170.
4. Prognoz dolgosrochnogo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia RF na period do 2030 goda [Forecast of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation up to 2030]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/ (accessed 30 May 2020).
5. Popov A.V. Kontseptual'nye osnovy izucheniia protsessa transformatsii zaniatosti [Conceptual framework of studying the process of employment transformation]. Teoreticheskaia ekonomika, 2019, no. 6, pp. 18–26.
6. Future of work and skills. Available at: http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/ groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-berlin/documents/genericdocument/wcms_ 556984.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
7. Workforce of the future. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/ser­vices/people-organisation/workforce-of-the-future/workforce-of-the-future-the-com­peting-forces-shaping-2030-pwc.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
8. Hong-yin L., Yun-fei M. How far is the employment transformation of “the second-generation migrant workers”? Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, vol. 651–653, pp. 1586–1589.
9. Fox L., Wiggins S., Ludi E., Mdee A. The lives of rural women and girls. What does an inclusive agricultural transformation that empowers women look like? Available at: https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12466.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
10. Krylova E.B. Transformatsiia zaniatosti v usloviiakh razvitiia malogo predprinimatel'stva [Employment transformation in the context of the development of small business]. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Moscow, 2009, 41 p.
11. Korneichuk O.V. Transformatsiia zaniatosti v usloviiakh trudovoi migratsii [Transformation of employment in the context of labor migration]. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Moscow, 2010, 23 p.
12. Bogdanovskii V.A. Rossiiskaia model' transformatsii zaniatosti v perekhodnoi ekonomike [The Russian model of transformation of employment in transitive economy]. Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel'skom khoziaistve, 2012, no. 3(12), pp. 27–33.
13. Dikunov S.A. Transformatsiia zaniatosti naseleniia sovremennogo monogoroda [Transformation of employment of the modern monotown population]. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Saratov, 2012, 24 p.
14. Vakhovskii E.V. Izmenenie soderzhaniia zaniatosti naseleniia v usloviiakh innovatsionnogo razvitiia ekonomiki i rosta mezhdunarodnoi migratsii [Changing the content of employment in terms of innovative development of economy and international migration]. Vestnik Volzhskogo universiteta im. V.N. Tatishcheva, 2015, no. 3(34), available at: http://vuit.ru/upload/iblock/9da/Вестник%203(34)% 202015%20Экономика.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).
15. Vakhovskii E.V. Transformatsiia zaniatosti v usloviiakh innovatsionnogo razvitiia ekonomiki [Transformation of employment in the context of innovative economic development]. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Saratov, 2016, 29 p.
16. Az'muk N.A. Transformatsiia zaniatosti v stranakh s razvitoi informatsionnoi ekonomikoi [Transformation of employment in the advanced information economy countries]. The problems of economy, 2014, no. 3, pp. 7–12.
17. Aliev I.M., Gorelov N.A., Il'ina L.O. Ekonomika truda. Teoriia i praktika [Labor economics. Theory and practice]. Moscow, Iurait, 2016, 670 p.
18. Gaile A., Sumilo E. The global perspective of employment relations development: Organisational structure and environment, individual behaviour, organisation-individual relationship and career attitudes. Ecomomic Review, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 31–44.
19. Bukharin N.I. Teoriia istoricheskogo materializma: populiarnyi uchebnik marksistskoi sotsiologii [The theory of historical materialism: A popular textbook of marxist sociology]. 5th ed. Moscow, Leningrad, Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1928, 390 p.
20. Rezoliutsiia I. Rezoliutsiia o statistike trudovoi deiatel'nosti, zaniatosti i nedoispol'zovaniia rabochei sily [Resolution I. Resolution on statistics of labor activity, employment and labor underutilization]. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_ 235603.pdf (accessed 30 May 2020).

The article describes the scale and level of development of the service sector in the Novosibirsk region (Russia). Based on the analysis of current statistical data, the study examines the place and role of the leading sector of the economy of the Novosibirsk region – the service sector – in the economy of Russia as a whole, Siberia (within the borders of the West and East Siberian economic regions) and the Siberian Federal district. The main method of research was the analysis of statistical indicators that characterize the infrastructure complex of the region, available on the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Novosibirsk region. The paper defines the scale and level of development, characteristic features of the sectoral and spatial structure of the tertiary sector of the region's economy. It is shown that the Novosibirsk region is objectively characterized by the most powerful infrastructure complex in terms of its scale and potential among all the subjects of the Asian part of the country and one of the largest in Russia as a whole. In order to identify the positions of the region's infrastructure complex in the country's economic space, graphic models and map charts were compiled. Based on current data from socio-economic statistics, the spatial structure of the infrastructure complex of the Novosibirsk region as a whole, as well as its individual branches, was mapped. It is noted that the main volume of services produced comes from urban districts and municipal districts located on the main transport routes and/or within the Novosibirsk agglomeration, while most of the region's territory has a low level of infrastructure development.

Keywords: service sector, service, tertiary sector of the economy, economy of the Novosibirsk region, structure of the economy.

Sergey V. Patsala – Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, e-mail: s-pacala@mail.ru.

Nadezhda V. Goroshko – Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University; Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, e-mail: goroshko1@mail.ru.

1. Golubchik M.M., Makar S.V., Nosonov A.M., Faibusovich E.L. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaia geografiia [Socio-economic geography]. Moscow, Iurait, 2015, 419 p.
2. Kolesov V.P., M.N. Os'mova. Mirovaia ekonomika. Ekonomika stran i regionov [The world economy. The economy of the countries and regions]. Moscow, Iurait, 2015, 519 p.
3. The world factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html (accessed 15 September 2020).
4. Varavva M.Iu., Lazareva O.S. Razvitie sfery uslug kak uslovie formirovaniia servisnoi ekonomiki v Rossii [Development of service sector as a condition for formation of a service economy in Russia]. Simvol nauki, 2016, no. 4, pp. 35–39.
5. Diesperova N.A., Zhdanova L.A. O roli sfery uslug v sovremennoi ekonomike [Significance of service sector in the modern economy]. Vestnik RUDN. Ekonomika, 2009, no. 3, pp. 19–26.
6. Klimovich L.K., Tkachenko I.A. Rol' i mesto sfery uslug v obshchestvennom proizvodstve [A role and a place of service sector in social production]. Voprosy ekonomiki, 2012, no. 8, pp. 68–74.
7. Danilina N.V. Osobennosti sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Novosibirskoi oblasti [The peculiarities of socio-economic development of Novosibirsk region]. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo,2011, no. 3, pp. 148–154.
8. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli [Socio-economic indicators]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2019, 1204 p.
9. Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik [Russian statistical yearbook]. Rosstat. Moscow, 2019, 708 p.
10. Pliusnina V.M. Geografiia Sibiri v nachale XXI veka [Georgraphy of Siberia in the early 21st century]. Vol. 5. Zapadnaia Sibir'. Ed. Iu.I. Vinokurov, B.A. Krasnoiarova. Novosibirsk, Geo, 2016, 447 p.
11. Tret'iakov M.M., Pitiliak D.A. K voprosu o roli sfery uslug v postindustrial'noi ekonomike [On the issue of the role of service sphere in the postindustrial economy]. Vestnik TOGU, 2013, no. 4(31), pp. 161–170.
12. Glushchenko V.V., Glushchenko I.I. Metodicheskie problemy razvitiia postindustrial'noi sfery servisa [Methodical problems of postindustrial service sphere]. Ekonomika, predprinimatel'stvo i pravo, 2017, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 171–184.
13. Meshko N.P., Shchitov D.N. Teoreticheskoe issledovanie osobennostei sfery vysokotekhnologichnykh uslug kak kliuchevogo faktora innovatsionnogo razvitiia ekonomiki [Theoretical research of the characteristics of high-tech services sector as a key factor in the innovative development of the economy]. Al'manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniia, 2013, no. 2(69), pp. 111–121.
14. Alekseev A.I., Kolosov V.A. Rossiia: sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaia geografiia [Russia: Socio-economic geography]. Moscow, Novyi khronograf, 2013, 708 p.
15. Novosibirskaia oblast': priroda, naselenie, khoziaistvo [Novosibirsk region: Nature, population, economy]. Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 2006, 116 p.
16. Osnovnye statisticheskie pokazateli po 490 munitsipal'nym obrazovaniiam Novosibirskoi oblasti za ianvar'–dekabr' 2018 goda [Main statistical indicators for 490 municipalities of the Novosibirsk region for January-December 2018]. Novosibirsk, Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Novosibirsk region, 2019.
17. Novosibirskaia oblast' [Novosibirsk region]. Novosibirsk, Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Novosibirsk region, 2019, 130 p.
18. Strategiia sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Novosibirskoi oblasti na period do 2030 goda [Strategy of socio-economic development of the Novosibirsk region up to 2030]. Available at: https://www.nso.ru/page/2412 (accessed 15 September 2020).
19. Dynkin A. (Ed.) Mirovaia ekonomika: prognoz do 2020 g. [The world economy: Forecast up to 2020]. Moscow, Magistr, 2008, 429 p.
20. Volkova A.A. Sfera uslug v sovremennom obshchestve: ekonomicheskoe, sotsial'noe i upravlencheskoe osmyslenie [Service industry in modern society: Economic, social and administrative judgment]. Upravlencheskoe konsul'tirovanie, 2014, no. 9, pp. 86–94.

The paper offers the theoretical analysis of the category of quality of life (QOL), as well as the methods of studying this category. The global digitalization of all spheres of life of a modern individual has an essential impact on all structural elements of the life quality of the population in different regions and countries. Nowadays the situation in the field of digitalization demands new approaches to define the term “quality of life”, namely, as an interdisciplinary category that has evolved at the interface of economics and sociology. The study deals with various approaches to the definition of the concept of QOL, embracing the structure of this category. In doing so, both the objective and subjective approaches have been used. An in-depth look into the features of QOL as a capital concept of the social economy has led the authors to a task of verification and validation QOL assessment techniques. The choice of the QOL assessment system is conditioned by a taken approach (objective or subjective), method (quantitative or qualitative), and indicators (income of the population, employment rate, migration indicators, etc.). The paper outlines the known approaches to selecting and grouping the indicators, as described in various sources from Russia and abroad, both in applied and pure research. Special attention is paid to modern methods for assessing QOL of the population using objective and subjective approaches. Having considered various approaches to assessing QOL of the population, the authors argue that the ‘quality of life’ concept is qualitative and quantitative by its nature, including as it does quantitative indicators of the standard of living of the population and the qualitative characteristics of various fields of activity. Thus, QOL is understood as an integral qualitative-quantitative socio-economic category that reflects the level of satisfaction of general needs by the population of a particular community. The article also discusses the features of using quantitative and qualitative methods for studying QOL of the region's population.

Keywords: quality of life of the population, standard of living, digitalization, quantitative methods, qualitative methods, assessment of the quality of life.

Galina P. Teske – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics of UB RAS, e-mail: arena-galina@mail.ru.

Tatyana Yu. Radilovskaya – Junior Researcher, Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics of UB RAS, e-mail: radilovskaya@list.ru.

1. Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Metodicheskie problemy issledovaniia kachestva, urovnia i obraza zhizni [Methodological problems of studying quality, standard and way of life]. Sovremennye kontseptsii urovnia, kachestva i obraza zhizni. Moscow, Institute of Sociology of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 1978, pp. 20–21.
2. Valitov Sh.M., Fakhrutdinova E.V. Kachestvo zhizni naseleniia: institutsional'nyi podkhod [Quality of life of the population: Institutional approach]. Kazan, Kazan Federal University, 2010, 324 p.
3. Rimashevskaia N.M., Rimashevskii A.A. Ravenstvo ili spravedlivost' [Equality and justice]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika, 1991, 160 p.
4. Aivazian S.A., Afanas'ev M.Iu., Kudrov A.V. Integral'nyi indikator kachestva uslovii zhizni [Integral indicator of quality for life conditions]. Tsifrovaia ekonomika, 2019, no. 1(5), pp. 43–56.
5. Rossoshanskii A.I., Chekmareva E.A. Struktura kachestva zhizni naseleniia v rossiiskikh i zarubezhnykh issledovaniiakh [Structure of life quality of the population in Russian and foreign studies]. Sotsial'noe prostranstvo, 2016, no. 1(03), pp. 2.
6. Boblakova L.M., Dmitriev V.V. Integral'naia otsenka kachestva zhizni naseleniia g. Sankt-Peterburga i g. Moskvy [Comparative evaluation of integrated quality of life for Saint-Petersburg and Moscow]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal eksperimental'nogo obrazovaniia, 2014, no. 3, part 1, pp. 91–95.
7. Kuchieva M.V., Salbieva V.L. Kachestvo zhizni naseleniia: kriterii i otsenka [Life quality of the population: Criteria and assessment]. Simvol nauki, 2015, no. 11–1, pp. 126–129.
8. Tukhuzheva L.A., Dzhankulaev A.A. Kachestvo i uroven' zhizni naseleniia [Quality and standard of living of the population]. Voprosy nauki i obrazovaniia, 2018, no. 29(41), pp. 52–54.
9. Shuvalova O.V. Uroven' zhizni i kachestvo zhizni: faktory i rossiiskaia spetsifika [Level and standard of living: Factors and Russian Specificity]. ANI: ekonomika i upravlenie, 2018, no. 1(22), pp. 276–279.
10. Gavrilova I.A., Makarova A.D. Kachestvo zhizni naseleniia: strategiia povysheniia, gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie [The quality of life of population: Strategy of increase, state regulation]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniia, 2017, no. 4-1, pp. 133–137.
11. Danilenko K.V., Leonova A.V. Uroven' i kachestvo zhizni naseleniia kak ob"ekt prognozirovaniia [The level and quality of life of the population as an object of prediction]. Skif, 2017, no. 9, pp. 241–246.
12. Dendak G.M. Uroven' i kachestvo zhizni naseleniia v Rossii: regional'nyi aspekt [Standards of living and quality of life of the population in Russia: Regional aspect]. Politika, ekonomika i innovatsii, 2016, no. 5, pp. 22.
13. Mikhailova M.V. Kachestvo zhizni naseleniia kak sotsial'naia dominanta gosudarstvennoi i munitsipal'noi politiki [Quality of life of the population as a social dominant of state and municipal policy]. St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg University of Economics, 2020, 133 p.
14. Morozova E.A. Kachestvo zhizni naseleniia kak indikator sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia monogorodov [Living standards as indicator of socio-economic development of single-industry towns]. Vestnik KemGU. Politicheskie, sotsiologicheskie i ekonomicheskie nauki, 2018, no. 3, pp. 35–41.
15. A.I. Metodika indeksnoi otsenki kachestva zhizni naseleniia rossiiskikh regionov [Methodology for the index assessment of the quality of life in Russian regions]. Problema razvitiia territorii, 2016, no. 4(84), pp. 124–137.
16. Dmitrieva Iu.N. Territorial'naia differentsiatsiia pokazatelei kachestva zhizni naseleniia (na primere Irkutskoi oblasti) [Territorial differentiation of indicators of population life quality (in Irkutsk region)]. Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarst­vennogo universiteta. Novaia seriia. Nauki o Zemle, 2016, vol. 17, pp. 34–45.
17. Borovikov M.S., Tiunova M.G. Metodologicheskie osnovy otsenki kachestva zhizni naseleniia dlia regionov postsovetskogo prostranstva (na primere Severnogo Kazakhstana) [Methodological fundamentals of assessing the quality of life of the population for the CIS regions (on the example of Northern Kazakhstan)]. Evraziiskii soiuz uchenykh, 2015, no. 8-1(17), pp. 15–18.
18. Vasil'eva E.V., Gurban I.A. Diagnostika kachestva zhizni naseleniia regionov Rossii [Diagnostics of population life quality in Russian regions]. Vestnik Tiumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010, no. 4, pp. 186–192.
19. Gagarina S.N., Chausov N.Iu., Burtseva T.A. Obzor nauchnykh podkhodov k izmereniiu i otsenke kachestva zhizni naseleniia [Review of scientific approaches to measuring and assessing the quality of life of the population]. Upravlenie ekonomicheskimi sistemami, 2019, no. 1(119), pp. 21.
20. Zakharova S.G., Borisov S.A. Otsenka uslovii formirovaniia srednego klassa Rossii s pozitsii faktornoi modeli upravleniia kachestvom zhizni naseleniia [Evaluation of the conditions for middle class formation in Russia from the perspective of the factor model for quality of life management]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Sotsial'nye nauki, 2018, no. 1(49), pp. 14–25.
21. Zakharova S.G. Upravlenie kachestvom zhizni naseleniia [Management of the quality of life of the population]. Nizhny Novgorod, Otkrytoe znanie, 2019, 157 p.