OF FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN RESEARCH

The article substantiates the necessity and relevance of studying the problem of anomalies in the behavior and interactions of university communities, as reflected in foreign and Russian studies. Attention is drawn to the widespread occurrence of many manifestations of anomaly behavior of university communities in Russia and abroad. This proves the international nature of the phenomenon under study. The authors offer their interpretation of the methodology of researching anomalies in higher education, emphasizing the need to combine efforts of social sciences and humanities – sociology, psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, and economics. The concept of anomalies in higher education are specified, their types and forms determined. The conditions and factors of the anomalies in the behavior of university communities are discused. The role and significance of such an anomaly factor in higher education as the educational failure of a large group of students is emphasized. At the same time, these anomalies are characterized as manifestations of academic fraud.

We further reveal the main avenues and topics of research of anomalies of university communities in both foreign and Russian academia. Among them are the study of academic fraud, ghostwriting, over-bureaucratization, falsifications, imitations, corruption, “student savings”, etc. The analysis of foreign and Russian literature on the issues of anomalies in higher education indicates that there has been no fundamental research of the issues concerned in the context of higher education.

The article focuses on the need to develop a special program in universities to counteract anomaly behavior and interaction of university communities, including the main areas of university life – the educational process, research activities, management, and social activity. The authors see the task of a prospective study of anomalies in the behavior and interactions of university communities in preventing, limiting and overcoming deviations from the norms of Russian higher education.

Keywords: anomalies in higher education, anomaly behavior and interaction of university communities, educational failure, foreign and Russian studies of anomalies in higher education, students, scientific and pedagogical community, managers.

Garold Ye. Zborovsky – Doctor of Philosophy, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, e-mail: garoldzborovsky@gmail.com.

Polina A. Ambarova – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, e-mail: borges75@mail.ru.

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The study looks at certain peculiarities of higher education in a technical university in the context of distance learning. Digitalization, informativeness, innovation, and risks have brought life to new learning technologies that elicit mixed reactions from students and teachers, which were recorded using empirical data during a specific sociological study in 2020 and 2021. The latter was carried out during massive distance learning imposed by COVID-19. In two surveys, about one hundred percent of second-and third-year students showed their awareness of information forms of distance learning, of which 1/3 did not use them, 2/3 used to some extent. 1/2 of the students were ready for the distance learning, however, 3/4 of people believe that there was no preparation for this form of conducting classes. One third of the students were ready to study remotely and a half – to work on chosen programs and courses. Following the distance learning experience, 1/3 of the students pretend their attitude towards this form of education improved, remaining unchanged for another half, while 1/5 of people say their opinion worsened.

Students and teachers gave specific assessments of the degree of satisfaction of management structures and subjects of educational relations in the conditions of distance learning, where the satisfaction index is quite different.

Respondents listed a whole system of problems that they encountered during distance learning, both at the beginning and at the end of this period. According to their significance, they can be divided into three groups, i.e. the most significant, less significant, and minor. Students and teachers reported that some of these problems had been solved in the process of distance learning, some of them remained the same, and some of them worsened during this period.

The differences in opinions between the students of technical universities and other specialized colleges do exist but they are not so sensitive. The problems the trainees faced are almost identical, hence the satisfaction with this form of education.

Keywords: distance learning in the context of a pandemic, attitude of students of a technical university in the context of a COVID-19 pandemic to distance learning.

Vasily N. Stegniy – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: socio@pstu.ru.

Lyudmila N. Kurbatova – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia,
e-mail: kurbatova-ln@mail.ru.

Gennady V. Razinsky – Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Problems of Higher Education, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: labsoc@pstu.ru.

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Students of institutions of secondary vocational education (SVE) are a poorly studied group. The author makes attempt to outline their social portrait, which includes socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, goals, values ​​and attitudes. The empirical data were obtained during a mass survey, as a part of the project “Transfer of human capital of educational communities: From failure to success” carried out with the support of the RFBR (Russia). The stratified sample of SVE students was 1,349 people, with proportional allocation.

The aim of the study is to form an idea of ​​lower achieving SVE students as an educational community included in the transfer of human capital. The results of the study showed the heterogeneity of the community: it breaks down into complete non-achievers (facing the threat of non-certification) and struggling students. The subgroups differ in well-being and behavioral strategies: the first follows a survival strategy, while the second strives for success, demonstrating attitudes similar with a subgroup of higher graded SVE students. A discrepancy was revealed between objective (estimated) and subjective (perceived) success. Some of the lower achieving students consider themselves successful, thereby assessing their ability to “survive” in the conditions of an educational institution. It was determined that lower achieving SVE students are heterogeneous in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, they are united by a low value of knowledge and an orientation towards getting a job that will be liked and bring high income. The results of the study contribute to the formation of a strategy for overcoming academic failure of SVE students and can be used in management and pedagogical work.

Keywords: SVE students, educational failure, social portrait, youth, mass survey.

Alina V. Kulminskaya – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Technologies of State and Municipal Administration, Ural Federal University the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, e-mail: a.v.kulminskaia@urfu.ru.

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The accelerating pace of social transformations in society brings about higher requirements for qualification of modern specialists, greater flexibility and quicker adaptability. To train such specialists, the modernization of the higher education is essential. The Liberal Arts program is described in the article as a modernization project that is responsible for the formation of the necessary skills in modern graduates for them to be more efficient and competitive in the labor market. The analysis is based on the N.I. Lapin’s modernization theory with an emphasis on the socio-cultural component of modernization. The article discusses the results of a qualitative sociological study conducted in 2018–2019 using the semi-structured interview method. The sample consisted of 10 people – 5 graduates and 5 students of the Perm State National Research University majoring in Arts and Humanities. The challenges of implementing the Liberal Arts project are the following: a. the complexity of combining the traditional form of education with individual curricula; b. an increased number of humanitarian disciplines, leading to a weaker specialization/profile of study; c. students (and later, their employers) are ignorant of the features of liberal education. The existing problems are associated with the inertness of the classical education system at the university, the lack of understanding of the liberal education principles and the formation of its values in the minds of students. The consequences of this approach to the formation of the curriculum cause difficulties with the professional self-determination of students, as well as with employment, since employers lack understanding of the level of knowledge and skills of graduates.

Keywords: Liberal Arts, liberal education, modernization, modernization project, thinking and writing.

Yekaterina A. Balezina – Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Perm State University,
Director of the Center for Sociological Research (Perm State University), Perm, Russia, e-mail:
katebalezi@gmail.com.

Anastasiya S. Shliapina – Master’s student (Sociology), Perm State University, Sociologist of the Center for Sociological Research (Perm State University), Perm, Russia, e-mail: shlyapinascg3@mail.ru.

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The present article encompasses the findings of the author’s longstanding research into the problem under consideration. The purpose of the article is to try to identify possible benchmarks for the application of efforts of the state, business and the public, aimed at enhancing the civilized and motivated reproductive activity of parental families. The object of this study is the social institution of a complete parental family in the Russian Federation at the stage of its active reproductive activity. The leading research focus is reproductive and socio-cultural activities of “fathers and children” in a particular region. The study is based on the results of specific sociological surveys and formalized interviews at the Institute of Economics (the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), carried out in a number of regions of the Ural Federal District and other regions of the Russian Federation in 1971–2020 under the guidance and direct participation of the author.

Drawing on the results of representative surveys, the author shows that the demographic (in particular, reproductive) life of a modern parental family in the Urals (as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole), for the most part, is associated with a plethora of socio-economic and moral-ethical difficulties, obstacles, problems, risks, fears in the process of the family's realizing its basic socio-demographic functions.

The author is convinced that at present there is a clear discrepancy between the “direct” material, financial, labor and time expenditures of parents and the actual amount of compensation for these costs provided by the state, a no less interested partner. The population's sensitivity to such an “economic gap” has sharply increased since the entry of the Russian society into “hard” market relations. With a view of a more efficient reproductive behavior of the population, the author proposes a number of innovations in the field of regional and federal demographic policy.

Keywords: parental family, demographic "hole", reproductive behavior, labor and family socialization, reproduction of society, trust, business, power, development concept, Ural region.

Boris S. Pavlov – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the RAS Ural Branch, Yekaterinburg, Russia, e-mail: pavlov_boris@ail.ru.

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The author uncovers the gist of the concept “domestic violence”, its subjects and forms. The possibilities of studying family problems, including family violence, from the standpoint of structural functionalism and the theory of conflict are discussed. The same methodological approaches make it possible to identify and characterize the causes of domestic violence. This is, first of all, the dysfunctionality of the institution of the family, the expressed sensory-emotionality of family relations, partly tolerant, partly indifferent attitude in mass consciousness towards manifestations of domestic violence, especially in relation to disobedient children and ‘temperamental’ wives, a high level of conflict of family relations, due to material, housing, household circumstances, difficulties in interpersonal gender and generational relationships, psychological and moral qualities and social maturity of family members. The sluggishness of law enforcement agencies and structures of social protection and family support in reacting to the acts of family and domestic violence is not uncommon. Based on the data of criminal statistics for 2014–2020 and data of a sociological study, the author analyzes the types and dynamics of crimes committed in the Republic of Bashkortostan against the family and within the family itself, the negative consequences of such violence both for the victims and for society as a whole. The author emphasizes the great importance not only of the sociological and criminogenic study of the problem of domestic violence, but also of its interdisciplinary analysis. The author also shows the region’s experience in researching the issues concerned, examines the existing practice of minimizing and preventing the manifestation of violence in the family, at the levels of legislation, law enforcement, social protection and support of the family and its most vulnerable members. The conclusion is made about the insufficiency of measures taken by the state and society to overcome and prevent domestic violence at the levels of the country and the region.

Keywords: family, family members, domestic violence, forms and tendencies of manifestation, criminal violence against the family and in the family, prevention of domestic violence.

Sergey V. Yegoryshev – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head of the Center for Research on Social Development and Formation of Human Capital, Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Chief Researcher, Ufa, Russia, e-mail: sv-egoryshev@mail.ru.

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25. Egoryshev S.V. Molodezhnaia prestupnost' v Respublike Bashkortostan: osobennosti i tendentsii [Youth crime in the Republic of Bashkortostan: Features and trends]. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 2020, no. 3, pp. 100–111.

The author considers the main approaches to the study of traditional values. In the framework of socio-philosophical analysis, the following characteristics of traditional values have been identified: their relative invariance, connection with past, intention to support social concertation. Sociological dimension can be represented as a group of values typical of different social and cultural groups and as characteristics of specific types of attitudes, historically determined and linked with the past. Political and ideological aspect includes considering traditional values as a ground for social and political discourse that is dedicated to build ideology and credibility of authority, social mobilization and propaganda. To analyze political texts representing family in the context of traditional values, the content analysis and critical discourse analysis were applied. The analysis demonstrated that documents reflecting the authorities’ position include oppositions connected with complications of supporting families and legacy of the past. The texts manifesting the civil society’s opinions mainly touch upon western threats in the form of propaganda of non-traditional relationships, gender equality and intervention into the family issues. A moderate expression of oppositions or their absence in official discourse indicates that this type of discourse mostly reproduces “a positive self-presentation”, while the civil society discourse incorporates “a negative presentation of others”.

Keywords: traditional values, family, marriage, critical discourse analysis.

Marina N. Makarova – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Department of Sociology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia, e-mail: makmar11@mail.ru.

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The article describes the transition of Russian universities to the model of a technology corporation, which should intensify collaboration with science and industry in the region of presence, the country and the world. Trends in the formation of scientific and educational holdings in modern Russia, the digital transformation of universities and institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences meet the requirements of the time to change the system of their financing. The National Research Computer Network (NICS), formed as a result of the merger of RASNET and RUNNet, has become one of the largest scientific and educational computer networks in the world. The emerging digital platform for joint research of the CSPC will allow the implementation of basic platform and applied digital services to perform scientific, technical and innovative activities. All these technical changes will affect the emergence of new integration forms, including in the form of a Large University model and the practical implementation of the University Model 3 (Entrepreneurial University), when the university becomes an entrepreneurial institution, a technology corporation, pursuing the goal of conducting state-of-the-art scientific research, responding to the requests of external and internal stakeholders. The activation of research and development both in the academic and university environment is strongly stimulated by the state through various projects and programs. The cooperation of the participants of the scientific and educational holding will contribute to the promotion of network educational programs, the formation of research collaborations, the transfer of technologies to the real sector of the economy, the implementation of projects aimed at frontier and applied scientific research, including globally, etc. The new integration form will allow by means of a unified information and analytical infrastructure (a network of library services, the formation of joint databases, etc.) to save significant financial resources, attract state funds, and obtain a number of synergy effects of the merger. The article offers options for integrating universities and research organizations into a Large University, including both the creation of a new legal entity in the form of an autonomous non-profit organization, and functioning without the formation of a legal entity. Examples of such integrations in Russia are given. The urgent need to use methodological approaches to justify the choice of partners for integration is solved in this article by the example of the selection of universities for joint scientific and applied research.

Keywords: multi-university, large university, scientific and educational holding, consortium, network economy, digital platform, integration, network educational programs, R & D.

Marianna V. Shesternina – Сandidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management and Marketing, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, e-mail: marianna12vs@mail.ru.

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The Human Development Index (HDI) provided a milestone for tracking progress in human development, which entailed many positive effects for the structure of ideas about human development and, in particular, a change in the development formula, where the human took the first place. This can be considered a favorable paradigmatic basis for improving well-being globally and locally in different countries. Nowadays, the significance of the HDI takes on new significance, where new dimensions must be taken into account.

The humanistic approach, as the structural basis of the HDI, shows that the modern world scales the range of choice for everyone who seeks self-improvement, learning, and creative work. According to the author, the development of indices is impossible without looking at the creative potential of nations, as well as individualistic features that have already reached the global scale.

The paper examines the concept of sustainability (environmental friendliness) of labor, as a key element of the international index of happiness and well-being. The paper contains an analysis of the variation of the trust index, which is based on creative development, taking into account the innovative possibilities associated with patenting. As an evidence option in the chain of environmental friendliness of work– creative development, statistics on patenting and registration of startups are presented. Our study indicates that confidence can become a new indicator to assess the effectiveness of management measures. The former may be used as both for calculations and addressing the existing global challenges. The relevance of the confidence index is ranked by an ability to respond quickly in assessing public policy measures. It is also suitable for assessing the vulnerability of economic indicators and factors during crises.

Keywords: human development index, patenting, trust, labor sustainability, environmental friendliness of labor.

Galina A. Volkovitskaya – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Education Management and Human Resource Management, Institute of Economics and Management, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: galialap@mail.ru.

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The article discusses the problems and prospects of the Regional Management Center (RMC) of the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) as a novel tool for improving accessibility, quality and safety of medical care. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of the RMC in the direction of accessibility, quality and safety of medical activities, to outline the main promising areas of the RMC and the health care system of Buryatia in order to better accessibility, quality and safety of medical care. The research is based on analytical and qualitative sociological methods: expert interviews and focus group discussions with the executives and specialists of the Republic of Buryatia’s Ministry of Health and subordinate organizations authorized to work on the RMC platform. The interim results are given of the implementation of the RMC roadmap on quality and accessibility of medical care for the Q4 2020–Q1 2021. The promising activities of the RMC platform are proposed in order to increase the accessibility, quality and safety of medical care in the region, namely, online surveys and focus groups involving residents of rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia, which results might be used by the Government of the Republic of Buryatia in pursuing the state health policy. Recommendations were formulated for the Republic of Buryatia’s Ministry of Health and subordinate medical organizations to deal more effectively with the citizens' appeals and complaints regarding the RMC.

Keywords: Regional Management Center (RMC), healthcare, medical care, accessibility, quality, safety, Ministry of Health, Republic of Buryatia.

Yelena Yu. Bashkueva – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Regional Economic Research, Buryat Scientific Center of the RAS Siberian Branch, Ulan-Ude, Russia, e-mail: frombear@mail.ru.

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This article evaluates the mobilization potential of internet communications by assessing a group’s ability to influence joint actions of its members. It is emphasized that in most studies, both domestic and foreign, attention is drawn more to the mechanisms of mass mobilization of Internet users, especially political ones, than to the specifics of mobilization through online communities. Our statistical analysis of the integration dynamics of mobilization-type communities in terms of the amount of communications and their structure, the volume and structure of information content, the scale and structure of joint actions in VKontakte and Facebook social networks yielded some regularities. For instance, there is no statistically reliable connection between the mobilization potential and the size of the community, the amount of external and internal communications, the use of multimedia tools in communication and the informational activity of the group leaders. A negative relation has been found between the indicators of information and mobilization activity of the community, in particular, the number of voluntary reposts of users, and the number of requested reposts. A negative relation has also been observed between indicators of information content structure (the use of external information sources, the amount of basic information in the posts) and readiness for joint actions. As for joint actions, a positive relation has been discovered with such indicators as involvement of participants in a discussion (length and number of comments) and information sharing on behalf of the group. Two general conclusions are a. the level of group identity has apparent effects on the mobilization potential of the community, b. there is a potential contradiction in a community’s performing its information and mobilization function.

Keywords: mobilization potential, online community, information and mobilization functions, solidarity actions, group identity.

Lyudmila A. Saburova – Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Philosophy and Law, the RAS Ural Branch, Izhevsk, Russia, e-mail: sabur@udm.ru.

Grigory A. Blagodatsky – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Information Systems Department, Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, Russia, e-mail: blagodatsky@istu.ru.

Vladimir V. Stazhilov – MS of Computer Science, Technical University of Moldova, Head of R&D at Cyber Whale, e-mail: stazhilov@gmail.com.

Pavel V. Vantrusov – Postgraduate Student, Higher School of Information Technologies and Automated Systems, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia, e-mail: vantrusov.p@edu.narfu.ru.

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In modern conditions, digital transformation is a promising avenue for the development of regional socio-economic systems, determining the success of their functioning against the backdrop of other subjects of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the article is to assess the level of digitalization of the region following the proposed methodology, which includes an analysis of the processes of digital development in three separate subsystems: organizations, population and public authorities.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the concepts of digital and regional development, technological waves. The main methods of analysis are the comparison and application of a rating. Assessment of the digitalization level for each subsystem is carried out on the basis of selected indicators that characterize the degree of involvement in digital transformation, the use of appropriate technologies, the availability of technical means, etc.

The results of applying the designed methodology concern the regions of the Central Federal District (Russia). In terms of digitalization of organization’s activities, the leading positions belong to Tambov, Oryol and Kursk regions; in terms of digitalization of the population's activities, the first places in the rating were taken by Moscow, Tula and Tambov regions, with the Kursk, Lipetsk and Oryol regions leading in the rating in terms of digitalization of government activities.

As a result, conclusions are drawn about the lack of synchronicity of digitalization processes in the selected subsystems. The article offers recommendations to the regions in accordance with the data obtained.

The results of the study in dynamics can serve as a basis for analyzing the processes of digitalization at the regional level, evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions to neutralize the weaknesses of digital development.

Keywords: digitalization, digital transformation, digital development, region, regional analysis.

Alexandra N. Lysenko – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Economic and Information Security, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia, e-mail: sasha14-09@mail.ru.

Nina A. Afanasyeva – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technology, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia, e-mail: afanaseva@bgitu.ru.

Irina I. Rakhmeyeva – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Regional and Municipal Economics and Management, Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia, e-mail: smartreg66@gmail.com.

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The article highlights the issue of socially responsible behavior of state, commercial and non-commercial organizations, which address not only economic, spiritual, environmental problems, but also those of building a brand and reputation. The authors draw on interdisciplinary basis to analyze the concepts of ‘social strategy of a business’, ‘socially responsible strategic management’, ‘social marketing’ and ‘social design’. The elements of social marketing are specified from the point of view of the development of the ‘third sector’. In particular, the authors offer an additional element for a complex of social marketing, i.e. potential of stakeholders. The need for this element is conditioned by the growing need to focus on socially, morally and environmentally responsible behavior of organizations to improve the quality of life of people, to enhance their life and professional potential. Therefore, we suggest considering the quality of life of people as an indicator of the effectiveness of social marketing, certain social projects correlating with the parties’ interests (the regional population and staff of businesses involved in social projects). Such effectiveness can be considered as a degree of satisfaction with the interaction of its participants. The effectiveness criterion is manifested in an ability of the organization to keep a balance of interests of its stakeholders. Social efficacy is the ratio between the cumulative gain and additional costs required to achieve the former. The authors stress that practical application of the approach implies a combination of objective and subjective approaches to assess the quality of life, a subjective approach to be exploited to a wider extent. The object of such an analysis is the system of individual needs and the degree of their satisfaction: mental state, degree of “inclusion” into the social infrastructure, overall health, legal capacity, compliance with the system of social values. The authors prioritize a communication component of social marketing in terms of ensuring the image and reputational potential of commercial and non-commercial organizations. In modern marketing practice, the importance of this component increases. One may argue that social advertising and public relations act as key social marketing technologies. Implementing social marketing, an organization not only pursues financial benefits but also solves the image and reputational tasks due to ethically responsible and mutually beneficial relationships.

Keywords: social responsibility of business, socially responsible strategic management, social project, social marketing, social marketing structure, brand and reputation of the organization, communication in social marketing, the potential of interested groups (stakeholders).

Evgeny Yu. Bikmetov – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Department of Management and Marketing, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, е-mail: bicprof@mail.ru.

Igor Ya. Ruvenny – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Management and Marketing, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, e-mail: ruvenny@mail.ru.

Rimma R. Shayakhmetova – Candidate of Sociology, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Youth Work, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia, e-mail: rimma55@bk.ru.

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Current statistical data allowed us to evaluate the place and role of the mining industry of Novosibirsk oblast in the economy of the Russian Federation, Siberia and the region. The main method of the study is an analysis of statistical indicators for the mining industry of the region, taken from the statistical collections of the RF Federal State Statistics Service and the Novosibirsk Oblast Office of the RF Federal State Statistics Service. Graphic models and map charts are generated to identify the positions of the mining industry of the region in the economic landscape of the country.

The article reveals the role of the mining industry in the economy of Novosibirsk oblast. The authors make comparison of the scale, dynamics and levels of development of the industry in the economy of the region, the regions of Siberia and Russia as a whole. The article shows the sectoral and spatial structure of the mining industry of Novosibirsk oblast. In the system of national extraction of natural resources, the region does not occupy a leading position, except for the extraction of anthracite. Despite a relatively low share of the industry in the regional economy, it acts as one of the leading drivers of its development. The most important sector of the mining industry is the coal industry, and the extraction of anthracite is an industry of domestic and international specialization of the region’s economy. The industry of domestic specialization is also the extraction of construction raw materials. An important role in the regional economy also belongs to oil and gold mining industry, the extraction of various non-metallic building materials (limestones and building stones). The districts of the Novosibirsk agglomeration and the south-eastern part of the region account for the main production output.

Keywords: mining industry, economic structure, economy of Novosibirsk oblast.

Sergei V. Patsala – Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, e-mail: s-pacala@mail.ru.

Nadezhda V. Goroshko – Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University; Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, e-mail: goroshko1@mail.ru.

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Strategic planning, as a system of scheduled measures aimed at achieving long-term regional goals, affects the effectiveness of the development course of territorial socio-economic systems. Building a strategy for the socio-economic development of the territory, that warrants a positive dynamics of regional indicators, is an urgent task for the authorities. The choices in allocating limited budget funds determine not only the amount of revenues in territorial budgets, but also the effectiveness of reaching the goals undertaken by authorities.

The author presents an approach to modeling a territorial development strategy based on the use of smart benchmarking tools. The article analyzes the strategy of socio-economic development of the Volga Federal District until 2020 in terms of achieving the target values of indicators of socio-economic development by Perm krai. Smart benchmarking tools allowed to identify the regions similar to Perm krai. A double comparative analysis of regional development indicators revealed six avenues of strategic development of Perm krai. The article substantiates the system of possible measures for Perm krai, built on the basis of the analysis of state programs of identical territories, which occupy leading positions in the fields of special importance for Perm krai.

The significant benefits of using the “smart” benchmarking toolkit in the territory management process have been revealed due to modeling the regional development strategy by borrowing a positive experience of the leading territories from the list of identical regions. The approach advanced can make a significant contribution and improve the processes of analyzing the potential of the region and informing the regional authorities about promising landmarks, trends and opportunities for the development of the territory.

Keywords: development strategy, “smart” benchmarking, socio-economic development, strategy modeling, Perm Krai, priority areas.

Maria R. Rusinova – Head of Procurement Department, OOO PKF Neftekhimik, PhD Student, Department of Economics and Finance, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: rusinova.mr@gmail.com.

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Currently, many regions and municipalities of Russia have adopted normative legal acts regulating the development of municipal service. Work is being carried out to create new organizational and economic mechanisms for employment in municipal service, to modernize the procedures for evaluating the results of the professional activities of municipal officers. All these efforts make relevant the development of theoretical and practical aspects of municipal service activities. The author considers the current state and key problems of the development of municipal service, offers practical recommendations for improving municipal service. The system of municipal service faces such key challenges as a low level of openness, a lack of mechanisms for interaction between the local authorities and the public, disregard for new management technologies in the municipal service. On the basis of the analysis, the most important trends in the development of municipal service in modern conditions are formulated. In particular, the proposed measures to improve the municipal service system include introducing the mechanisms of openness in municipal service, improving interaction between the authorities and the public; training professional municipal officers; using modern management approaches in the municipal service system, for example, flexible management strategies, lean management tools. An effective mechanism for an open dialogue between the authorities and the public is a crowdsourcing technology. The author also emphasizes the need to develop new and improve existing programs for the development of municipal service, which should adhere to the following basic principles: openness and transparency, interaction and cooperation, lawfulness and impartiality.

Keywords: municipal employees, municipal service, public, openness, crowdsourcing, technologies, lean management.

Gulmira M. Shamarova – Doctor of Economics, Independent Researcher, Makhachkala, Russia, e-mail: gulmira2604@mail.ru.

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The concept of sustainable development (SD) is aimed at preserving life on Earth and ensuring a decent level of life for the present and future generations. It also addresses modern global challenges. The transition to SD implies a revision of existing values in the economics, ecology and social life.
In this regard, education plays the most important role because it is responsible for the formation of the attitudes of a younger generation, and progress in the transformation of formal and informal institutional frameworks.

In order to realize these processes The UN has developed the global program “Education for Sustainable Development” (ESD) and formulated one of the specialized goals in the system of seventeen sustainable development goals approved by the UN for 2016–2030. Higher education plays a special role there, since it not only creates and disseminates knowledge about SD, but also influences the process of making future decisions by managers of various levels. In doing so, the question of how higher education systems can influence sustainable development becomes topical. This issue is especially relevant for the regions since that the regional system of higher education, as a rule, is focused on the needs of the region in training professional personnel and conducting scientific research.

The paper presents a functional model of the higher education system impact on the region sustainable development. The novelty of the model is that it is developed on the basis of a functional approach and takes into account the mutual influence of the higher education system and the external environment in which it operates. Such a model will expand the methodological tools for analyzing the functionality or dysfunctionality of the regional higher education system and understanding the channels of its influence on the sustainable development of the region.

Keywords: higher education system, sustainable development of the region, function, university.

Olga V. Kotomina – Senior Lecturer, Management Department, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm branch, Perm, Russia, e-mail: kotominaov@gmail.com.

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The article considers the peculiarities of formation of clusters with tourist and recreational specialization in the regions of the country. The increasing role of tourism in the development of regional socio-economic systems contributes to the development of an effective tool platform and mechanisms for its sustainable growth and achieving high financial and economic results. One of the main tools of the spatial and economic organization of the tourism and recreation sphere is the cluster approach, which has proven its efficiency in domestic and international practice. The development of new types of tourism contributes to the diversification of supply in regional markets and attracting effective demand to the country's constituent territories, while the most favorable positions are occupied by those regions that have a developed tourist and recreational specialization.

The paper considers key stages of solving the problem of creating cooperation in the framework of service development. Today, the cluster is one of the most effective tools for managing economy in the context of global competition. The main components of this tool are such elements as concentration, integration, cooperation and competition. Together, they create a synergistic effect, in which the competitive environment of the organization helps to combine and improve the quality of jointly created and implemented services, products, and technologies in a single cluster space. The possibility of creating specialized organizational structures for cluster development, which will form a platform for the fruitful activity of special tourist and recreational economic zones, will form a coordinated structure of the cluster configuration. As a promising direction of spatial and territorial development of regions, a methodological approach is proposed to identify cluster formations with the aim of their rational use in the development of tourism and hospitality.

Keywords: cluster, cluster system, tourist and recreational cluster system, region.

Matvey S. Oborin – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Department of Economic Analysis and Statistics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Perm branch; Professor, Department of World and Regional Economy, Economic Theory, Perm State National Research University; Professor, Department of Management, State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia; Professor of the Department of Management and Technologies in Tourism and Service, Sochi State University, Sochi, Russia, e-mail: recreachin@rambler.ru.

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At present, we see competition grow among large and medium-sized aircraft manufacturing enterprises. The main way to become a leader in the competition is to reduce the cost of products without sacrificing the quality. Hence, the increasing relevance of the correct choice of cost accounting method become evident. Due to changes in cost accounting methods, we observe a faster transition to new automated accounting systems, therefore, topical is consideration of new cost formation methods and the cost management system as a whole.

It is worth mentioning that such enterprises often receive government orders which require the correct formation of the planned sales value of the product, further increasing importance of the proper cost management system since government orders usually result in significant profits.

At the same time, at present, aircraft manufacturing enterprises are going through difficult times, some of them have been reducing production volumes by up to 15 % for several years in a row. Many companies in the industry are struggling to keep their employees, their wages, and generally stay afloat.

In these conditions, such enterprises are looking for all possible ways to reduce product costs, while not compromising quality.

Therefore, the relevance of revising cost management system in aircraft construction is increasing. One of the main tools in cost management are the techniques and methods of management cost accounting and cost calculation in particular.

The aim of the study is to offer an optimal cost management scheme by specifying the features of their accounting and calculating the cost, typical for the industry under study. The study is based on logical analysis and expert analysis.

Keywords: costs, aircraft construction, cost, production, departments.

Vladislav N. Yerokhin – PhD student, Department of Accounting, Audit and Economic Analysis, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: erokhin95@yandex.ru.

Tatyana G. Sheshukova – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Department of Accounting, Audit and Economic Analysis, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: sheshukova@psu.ru.

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The management of own funding sources is integral to the enterprise’s financial policy. The question of financing for investments is one of the policy areas. Net profit and depreciation charges are the main own sources for investment in fixed assets. The depreciation charge is becoming one of the major sources for investment against the backdrop of lower economic efficiency and lower availability of credits. Nowadays, there is no such a concept as “depreciation fund” in Russian bookkeeping practices. The author overviews the researchers’ notions of depreciation fund and clarifies possible ways of exploiting depreciation fund. The strategy of its using is active if the reserves are spent for renewal of fixed assets, modernization and production growth. The fund, though, may be used in an appropriate way, e.g. for working capital replenishment or investment in financial assets; in this case, the strategy of exploiting the fund is passive. The reasons for not using depreciation fund for investment in fixed assets are defined: cash gaps and cash deficit, lack of control over the depreciation fund spending, lack of managerial responsibility for inappropriate use, etc. The researchers’ proposals for the targeted use of depreciation fund are examined. The author suggests to differentiate between a nominal depreciation fund and real depreciation fund. The application rate of depreciation fund has been proposed as a tool to determine the efficiency of depreciation policy. The calculation algorithm of the proposed coefficient is described.

Keywords: amortization, depreciation charge, depreciation fund, rate, application rate of depreciation fund.

Maria V. Shchukina – Сandidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia, e-mail: mvkrasn@mail.ru.

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Insurance is one of the most important elements in a country's society and economy. This is an effective way to compensate for damage that has been caused to the policyholder. The insurance market is developing dynamically. Competition among Russian insurance companies is increasing every day. To ensure financial stability and increase profits, insurance companies must retain existing customers and attract new ones. External communications and, above all, advertising can help in this move.

However, due to the incorrect use of advertising by insurance companies to promote their services, many companies cannot achieve efficiency in their work. The world is constantly evolving, so are insurance and advertising. People's needs are increasing every day, and they want something new. That is why it is necessary to build a marketing strategy competently and improve it constantly.

The study of the role of advertising and external communications in ensuring the efficiency of a modern Russian insurance company is the goal and object of the study.

The research focus is the efficiency of advertising and external communications of SOGAZ JSC, the main problems and ways to solve them.

The work is devoted to the description of modern ways of advertising insurance services and the problems arising from this. SOGAZ JSC is a striking example of successful advertising of insurance services.

For several years, the insurance company SOGAZ JSC has been the leader in the insurance market. The company has its own advertising department, which develops advertising campaigns and evaluates their efficiency.

Keywords: losses, advertising, insurance, participants, communications, efficiency, process, responsibility, market relations.

Galina Ye. Kontsevich – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute (Zheleznovodsk Branch), Zheleznovodsk, Russia, e-mail: galinakoncevich@rambler.ru.

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3. Gvozdenko S.N. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2016, 268 p.

4. Safuanov V.A. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. Moscow, Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, 2018, 280 p.

5. Astratova G.V. Osobennosti vozniknoveniia i razvitiia strakhovaniia v Rossii [Emergence and development features of insurance in Russia]. St. Petersburg, Mysl', 2017, 434 p.

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8. Khominich I.P. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. St. Petersburg, Progress, 2018, 224 p.

9. Braverman A.A. Strakhovanie v rossiiskoi ekonomike perekhodnogo perioda: Metodologiia i praktika [Insurance in the Russian economy of transition: Methodology and practice]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 637 p.

10. Chernova E.G. Strakhovanie i upravlenie riskami [Insurance and risk management]. Moscow, Iurait, 2018, 768 p.

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12. Balabanova L.V. Optovaia torgovlia [Wholesale]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2018, 207 p.

13. Ponomareva T.N. Strakhovanie [Insurance]. St. Petersburg, 2021, 321 p.

14. Bagiev G.L. Strakhovanie: Informatsionnoe obespechenie, diagnostika [Insurance: Information support, diagnostics]. St. Petersburg, UNECON, 2017, 140 p.

15. Ermasov S.V., Ermasov N.B.  Strakhovanie [Insurance]. L., Pravda, 2019, 475 p.

16. Aunapu F.F. Nauchnye metody priniatiia reshenii v upravlenii proizvodstvom [Scientific decision-making methods in production management]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 134 p.

17. Azoev G.L. Konkurentsiia: analiz, strategiia i praktika [Competition: Analysis, strategy and practice]. Moscow, Center for economics and marketing, 2017, 208 p.

18. Vendelin A.G. Podgotovka i priniatie upravlencheskogo resheniia: Metodologicheskii aspect [Preparation and adoption of management decisions: Methodological aspect]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2017, 150 p.

19. Bagiev G.L. Strakhovanie v sisteme upravleniia predprinimatel'stvom [Insurance in the business management system]. Podolsk, 2020, 231 p.

20. Sharif'ianova Z.F. Strakhovanie: Informatsionnoe obespechenie, diagnostika [Insurance: Information support, diagnostics]. St. Petersburg, UNICON, 2018, 180 p.

International tourism is a major sector of the global economy. Some countries owe much of their gross domestic product to various types of tourism including the medical ones. Мedical tourism is not typical for every country or region. For this reason certain countries are classified as medical destinations. Over the last few decades, the technological development has changed healthcare at all. However, an important question is what will happen with medical tourism in future. Artificial Intelligence is a prerequisite for a fundamental change in international trade in medical services. Something more, the pandemic situation of 2020 worldwide leads to less realized international travels and less mobility. This creates the need of a change in the way medical services are provided in an international aspect. In order to make a forecast whether the technologies can possibly affect the way of supplying and trading medical services, forecasts for the development of high medical technologies market are summarized. The presented forecasts cover a period between 5 and 10 years and contribute to the conclusions in the article. Compared to the historical development of medical technologies in general аn opinion for the future of medical tourism in long-term is expressed.

Keywords: medical tourism, technologies, international trade, medical services, artificial intelligence, patient mobility, supercomputer, robotic surgery.

Ivet G. Tileva – Doctor, Department of International Economic Relations and Business, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: itileva@unwe.bg.

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In recent years, the country has significantly increased interest in regional research, including with the aim of creating “economic profiles” of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation. The role of individual regions in solving national problems is also increasing. The national economy is represented by a wide range of economic complexes of the Russian regions. Being part of a single economic whole, each member of the federation occupies a certain place in the economic complex of the state.

Backed by the relevant statistical data, we analyze the place and role of manufacturing industries, both in the economic complex of Novosibirsk Oblast itself, and the place of the Novosibirsk manufacturing industry in the economy of the country, Siberia (within the boundaries of the "state plan" West Siberian and East Siberian economic regions) and the Siberian Federal District. The study mainly draws on the analysis of statistical indicators that characterize the manufacturing industry of Novosibirsk Oblast, presented in the statistical collections of the RF Federal State Statistics Service.

The article provides a comparative assessment of the level of development, dynamics, and structure of manufacturing industries in Novosibirsk Oblast, the country, Siberia, and individual members of the Russian Federation. The features of the branch structure of the regional manufacturing industry are shown. The branches of economic specialization in the manufacturing industry are defined. It is revealed that the region is ahead of about thirty regions in terms of the scale of industrial production in general and the manufacturing industry in particular. The share of manufacturing industries in the structure of the economy is the smallest among all regions of the country, which host cities with one million residents. The industrial structure of the manufacturing industry of the region is diversified, fairly proportional and generally has a relatively progressive character, but the shares of top industries such as mechanical engineering and chemical industry do not correspond to the economic potential of the region.

Keywords: manufacturing industry, structure of industrial production, regional economy, economy of the Novosibirsk Oblast.

Sergei V. Patsala – Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, e-mail: s-pacala@mail.ru.

Nadezhda V. Goroshko – Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Regional Studies and Tourism, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University; Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, e-mail: goroshko1@mail.ru.

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