Under the conditions of vegetation experiments, the perspectives of using nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension obtained by ultrasonic dispersion of phosphate rock in the mineral nutrition of plants were studied. The objects of research were phosphate rock from the Syundyukovsky deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan of ordinary grinding and in the form of a nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension, the plant – spring wheat of the variety Esther; soil – gray forest medium loamy.

The pre-sowing seed treatment of the nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension at a dose of 1.25 kg / ton of seeds contributed to the acceleration of the phenological development of spring wheat for 2-3 days compared with other variants of the experiment before the earing phase. The use of nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension had a positive effect on the structure of the harvest of spring wheat: the height of the plants increased by 2.4-8.1% in comparison with other experimental options. With a combination of pre-sowing and foliar treatments of the nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension, the highest values of indicators

of productive bushiness, the length of the ear, the number of grains in the ear and the weight of 1000 seeds were noted.

The use of a nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension promoted an increase in the yield of spring wheat by 19.9-86.1% compared with other variants of the experiment. At the same time, an improvement in the quality of grain was revealed in terms of the nature of the grain, the content of raw gluten and protein.

The studied methods of applying the nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension did not affect the agrochemical indicators of the soil.

As a result of the research, the efficiency and prospects of using the nanostructured water-phosphate suspension as a fertilizer for agricultural production was established. The best results were found with the complex use of nanostructured water-phosphate suspension for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar double treatment of spring wheat plants.

Keywords: nanostructured water-phosphate suspension, pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar treatment, crop structure, yield, grain quality, spring wheat.

Natalia L. Sharonova (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher, Scientific Secretary, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 420059, Kazan; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Gulnara F. Rakhmanova (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Researcher, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 420059, Kazan; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Ildar A. Yapparov (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Doctor in Biological Sciences, leader, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 420059, Kazan; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Mars M. Il’yasov (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Agricultural sciences, Senior Researcher, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 420059, Kazan; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Irina M. Sukhanova (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher, Scientific Secretary, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 420059, Kazan; e-mail: 1086ab@rambler.ru).

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19. Churilov G.I. Ekologo-biologicheskie effekty nanokristallicheskikh metallov [Ecological and biological effects of nanocrystalline metals]. Doctor’s degree dissertation. Balashikha, 2010, 332 p.

Chiral pyrroloquinolones can exist in form of two mirror-image stereoisomers called enantiomers. Their biological activity may differ essentially. Therefore, to study biochemical properties of chiral substances it is necessary to be able to determine the enantiomeric composition of mixtures of such stereoisomers and to isolate pure individual enantiomers. Chiral chromatography is a possible means to solve this problem. In this connection, the separation of enantiomers of chiral pyrroloquinolones on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) with grafted macrocyclic antibiotic eremomycin was investigated under the conditions of high performance liquid chromatography. Relationships between elution and separation characteristics of pyrroloquinolone enantiomers, on the one hand, and mobile phase composition and column temperature, on the other hand, were elucidated. It was shown that the given CSP is capable of only incomplete resolution of optical antipodes of pyrroloquinolones, and the mobile phase composition weakly influences the value of the separation coefficient. The effect of the concentration of the organic part of the mobile phase (methanol or acetonitrile) resembles relationships that are observed in reversed phase chromatography; namely, the retention factor decreases as the percentage of the organic solvent increases. Adsorption thermodynamics in the given system was studied. All the investigated compounds are characterized by moderate heat effect (10-30 kJ/mol) that suggests the lack of chemical binding. The nature of the organic component essentially influences thermodynamic adsorption characteristics. So, in a water-acetonitrile eluent, absolute values of adsorption enthalpy and entropy are lower than those quantities in a water-methanol mixture at a comparable pH by a factor of 2. Effects of substitute groups at the chiral atom of pyrroloquinolones’ molecules and the nature of peripheral groups on enantioseparation mechanisms are discussed. An importance of solvation processes on analyte retention is emphasized.

Keywords: pyrroloquinolones, chiral recognition, thermodynamic of adsorption.

Mariia V. Stepanova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate student of the department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail:zattika@mail.ru).

Leonid D. Asnin (Perm, Russia) – Ph.D. of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: asninld@mail.ru).

Anastasia A. Boteva (Perm, Russia) – Ph.D. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: anastasiaquinolone@gmail.com).

Andrej V. Kudinov (Perm, Russia) – Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Technologies, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: kav_ttum@mail.ru).

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4-quinolone scaffold and their influence on blood glucose level in rats]. Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya i biotekhnologiya, 2014, no. 4, pp. 37-51.

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11. Stern E., Goossens L., Vaccher C., Bonte J.-P., Depreux P., Henichart J.-P., Goossens J.-F. CB2 receptor agonist by liquid chromatography on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2008, no. 46, pp. 848-853.

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13. Liu Q., Jiang X., Zheng H., Su W., Chen X., Yang H. On-line two-dimensional LC: A rapid and efficient method for the determination of enantiomeric excess in reaction mixtures. J. Sep. Sci., 2013, no. 36, pp. 3158-3164.

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16. Zhang X., Bao Y., Huang K., Barnett-Rundlett K.L., Armstrong D.W. Evaluation of dalbavancin as chiral selector for HPLC and comparison with teicoplanin based chiral stationary phases. Chirality, 2010, no. 22, pp. 495-513.

17. Staroverov S.M., Kuznetsov M.A., Nesterenko P.N., Vasiarov G.G., Katrukha G.S., Fedorova G.B.. New chiral stationary phase with macrocyclic antibiotic eremomycin chemically bonded to silica. J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, no. 1108, pp. 263-267.

18. Kuznetsov. M.A., Nesterenko P.N., Vasiyarov G.G., Staroverov S.M. Vysokoehffektivnaya zhidkostnaya khromatografiya ehnantiomerov a-aminokislot na silikagele s immobilizovannym ehremomitsinom [High–performance liquid chromatography of α-amino acid enantiomers on eremomycin–modified silica]. Journal of analytical chemistry, 2008, no. 63(1), pp. 64-72.

19. Reshetova E.N., Аsnin L.D. Khromatograficheskoe povedenie i termo­dinamika adsorbtsii ehnantiomerov profenov na silikagele s privitym antibiotikom ehremomitsinom [The chromatographic behavior and the thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of profen enantiomers on silica gel with grafted eremomycin antibiotic]. Russian journal of physical chemistry A, 2009, no. 83(4), pp. 643-648.

20. Boteva A.A., Krasnyh. O.P., Solodnikov S.Yu. 11b-(Get)aril-2,3,6,11b-tetragidro-oksazolo[2’,3’:2,1]pirrolo[4,3-b]hinolin-5,11- diony i sposob ikh polucheniya [11b-(Het)aryl-2,3,6,11b-tetrahydro-oksazolo[2’,3’:2,1]pirrolo[4,3-b]quinolin-5,11-dion and methods for obtaining them]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 2381229 (2009).

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23. Asnin L.D., Cavazzini A., Marchetti N. Solute-stationary phase interaction in chiral chromatography. Adv. Chromatogr., 2017, no. 53, pp. 1-73.

Recently, flow chemistry technology is widely used in pharmaceutical activity and fine organic synthesis both. The flow reaction have advantages over the batch ones. They are high-grade security, process efficiency, automation and other technology combination feasibility, scalability and side reaction probability decreasing.

4-quinolones are used as an effective antibacterial medications. Spectrum of the molecule biological activity depends on the nature of 4-quinolone core substituents. The "classic" activity is antibacterial one, a few other examples are antitumor, antidiabetic properties etc.

Thermolysis of 1-aryl-4,5-diacyl-2,3-pyrroldiones is one of the routes to biologically active 4-quinolones.Scheme of this method contains equilibrium stage which is formation of methyl 4-oxo-4-aryl-2-(arylamino)but-2-enoates. Lowering of by-product uprising and increasing of the reaction yield are favorable for the aforementioned method of synthesis.

In this paper we present results of investigation of methyl (Z) -2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)but-2-enoate and 2,4-dichloroaniline reaction applicability to the flow chemistry conditions. Reaction was studied with infrared Fourier spectroscopy in real-time mode, the frequency range was 600-3000 cm-1.

Solvent polarity and reagent concentrations were considered as criteria affecting reaction rate, while solubility was limiting factor. The reviewing of specific absorption band trends allows for certain conclusions to be drawn. The polar solvents are preferable for methyl (Z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)but-2-enoate and 2,4-dichloroaniline reaction. Reaction rate is highly influenced by reagent concentrations, however this effect is less crucial for more concentrated solutions.

The results bring us to the conclusion that methyl (Z) -2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)but-2-enoate and 2,4-dichloroaniline reaction can be applied in flow chemistry.

Keywords: flow chemistry, methyl aroylpyruvates, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, 2,3-diacyl-4-quinolones.

Anastasiya A. Boteva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Pharmaseutical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: aboteva@pstu.ru).

Irina V. Fefilova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Engineer, Research and Educational Center of Applied Chemical and Biological Research, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (21, Academician Korolyov str., Perm, 614990; e-mail: magoartois@rambler.ru).

1. Baumann M., Baxendale I. R. The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry. Beilstein J. Org. Chem, 2015, 11, рр. 1194–1219.

2. Porta R., Benaglia M., Puglisi A. Flow Chemistry: recent developments in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products. Org. Process Res. Dev., 2016, 20, рр. 2-25.

3. Mascia S, Heider P.L., Zhang H., Lakerveld R., Benyahia B., Barton P.I., Braatz R.D., Cooney C.L., Evans J.M., Jamison T.F., Jensen K.F., Myerson A.S., Trout B.L. End-to-end continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals: integrated synthesis, purification, and final dosage formation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2013, 52, pp. 12359-12363.

4. Pellegatti L., Sedelmeier J. Synthesis of vildagliptin utilizing continuous flow and batch technologies. Org. Process Res. Dev, 2015, 19, pp. 551-554.

5. Plutschack M. B., Pieber B., Gilmore K., Seeberger P. H. The Hitchhiker’s guide to flow chemistry. Chem. Rev., 2017, 117, pp. 11796−11893. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183

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8. Chen Y.-L., Zacharias J., Vince R., Geraghty R. J., Wang Z. C-6 aryl substituted 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus. Bioorg.Med.Chem, 2012, 20, рр. 4790–4800.

9. Ahmed A., Daneshtalab M. Nonclassical biological activities of quinolone derivatives. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci., 2012, 15(1), рр. 52 – 72.

10. Boteva A.A., Krasnykh O.P., Solodnikov S.Iu., Frantsblau S., Van B. 1H-Pirrolo[3,4 – b]khinolin – 3,9(2H,4H) – diony, obladaiushchie protivo­tuberkuleznoi aktivnost'iu i sposob ikh polucheniia [1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-3,9(2H,4H)-diones exhibiting antituberculosis activity and mrthod for preparing them]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 2009125914/04 (2012).

11. Boteva A.A., Fefilova I.V., Krasnykh O.P., Liushina G.A., Maslova V.V., Solodnikov S.Iu. Anal'geziruiushchee sredstvo [Analgesic means]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 2016117456 (2017).

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13. Maslivets A.N., Krasnykh O.P., Smirnova L.I., Andreichikov Iu.S. Piatichlennye 2,3-dioksogeterotsikly. 22. Termoliz 1-aril-4-aroil-5-met­oksi­kar­bonil-2,3-digidro-2,3-pirroldionov [Five-membered 2,3-dioxoheterocycles. Ther­mo­lysis of 1-aryl-4-aroyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyrroldione]. Zhur­nal organicheskoi khimii, 1989, no. 2, pp. 1045-1053.

14. Boteva A.A., Fefilova I.V., Krasnykh O.P., Babushkina E.B., Slepu­khin P.A. Sintez, molekuliarnaia i kristallicheskaia struktura metil-3-aroil-4-okso-1,4-digidro-2-khinolinkarboksilatov [Synthesis, molecular and crystal structure of methyl-3-aroyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-2-quinolinecarboxylates]. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya khimicheskaya, 2014, no. 3, pp. 731–738.

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The use of natural fertilizers of glauconite, sapropel and biohumus for presowing seed treatment in the form of macro – and nanosuspensions directly in the growth zone provided cultures with the necessary nutrients at the initial stage of development of crops and improved the quality of the grain in the future.

Having nanostructural suspensions having biologically active properties and a prolonged effect on biological objects, they provided the best indicators of the qualitative assessment of grain compared to the treatment with macro suspensions. The unique features of the suspensions, thanks to the individual particle sizes of 20-30 nm, penetrating unhindered, without damaging the structure, and without consequences for the plant organism stimulated biochemical processes in cultures.

Diffuse impregnation of seeds with suspensions of nanobiogum has increased the content of nitrogen and protein in buckwheat grains with respect to macroanalogs by 25.3 and 61.3%, in oat grains by 14.6 and 17.4%, respectively. The suspension of nanosapropel led to the enrichment of buckwheat grains with ash elements and phosphorus, the increment to the treatment with a conventional sapropel suspension was 5.5 and 18.5%, respectively. Treatment with nanoglaconit increased the amount of potassium in the grain of oats and buckwheat by 3.9 and 40.0%, respectively.

Regarding background fertilizer application (without seed treatment), the advantage of nanostructured suspensions is more pronounced. The use of nanobiohumus increased the content of nitrogen and protein in the buckwheat grain – by 60.7 and 58.2%, in the grain of oats – by 68.9 and 60.9%, respectively. The suspension of the nasapropel enriched the buckwheat grains with ash elements and phosphorus, an increase of 19.9 and 33.3%, respectively. The variant with nanoglaukonit increased the amount of potassium in the grains of oats and buckwheat by 10.4 and 61.5%, respectively, in culture.

Keywords: sapropel, glauconite, biohumus, nanostructured aqueous suspension, quality, agrominerals.

Irina M. Sukhanova (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Biological Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher, Scientific Secretary, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, Kazan, 420059; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Ildar A. Yapparov (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Biological Sciences, leader, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, 4 Kazan, 20059; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Rasim R. Gazizov (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences, deputy head, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS
(20a, Orenburg tract, Kazan, 420059; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Lilia M-H. Bikkinina (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences, Head of Laboratory, Leading Researcher, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, Kazan, 420059; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

Guzal Kh. Nurtdinova (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Yunior Researcher, TatarSRIAC SS – Subdivision of FIC KazanSC of RAS (20a, Orenburg tract, Kazan, 420059; e-mail: niiaxp2@mail.ru).

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12. Kadyrova F.Z. Vozdelyvanie grechikhi v Respublike Tatarstan [Buckwheat cultivation in the Republic of Tatarstan]. Kazan', Tatarskii nauchno issledovatel'skii institut sel'skogo khoziaistva, 2001, 32 p.

13. Sukhanova I.M., Gazizov R.R., Ezhkova A.M., Bikkinina L.M.-Kh. Vliianie organomineral'nykh udobrenii i ikh nanostrukturnykh analogov na kachestvo grechikhi [Influence of organomineral fertilizers and their nanostructured analogs on the quality of buckwheat]. Aktual'nye problemy pochvovedeniia, ekologii i zemledeliia. Materialy Nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Kursk, 2016, pp. 277-280.

14. Sukhanova, I.M., Khisamutdinov N.Sh., Gazizov R.R., Bikkinina L.M.-Kh. Vliianie nanostrukturnoi vodno-fosforitnoi i vodno-fosforitnoi suspenzii na urozhainost' grechikhi [Effect of nanostructured water-phosphorite and water-phosphorite suspensions on buckwheat yield]. Agrokhimicheskii vestnik, 2016, no. 1, pp.31-33.

15. Sukhanova I.M., Iapparov I.A., Gazizov R.R., Bikkinina L.M.-Kh., Sidorov V.V., Nurtdinova G.Kh. Deistvie organo-mineral'nykh suspenzii i nanosuspenzii na strukturu urozhaia i soderzhanie zol'nykh elementov [Effects of organo-mineral suspensions and nanosuspensions on the structure of the crop and the content of ash elements]. Vestnik PNIPU. Khimicheskaia tekhnologiia i biotekhnologiia, 2018, no. 2, pp.23-34.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (KNS) are part of the usual microbiota of humans and animals, they often cause diseases that occur due to penetration of the host's protective systems because of viral infections, as well as inadequate antibiotic therapy. It is known that bacteria of this genus can have a pronounced ability to adapt to antibiotic compounds. Many species of staphylococci are also capable of biofilm formation, for example, on medical implants, that causes the infection of patients.

The widespread of polyresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms is accompanied by a decrease in the effectiveness of traditional antibiotic therapy. In this situation, the development of new antibacterial drugs and the creation of new methods of suppression of strains with multiple antibiotic resistance comes to the fore.

This article presents the results of studying the antibacterial activity of the new chemical compound «CA» – ((2,3,5,6-tetrahydrooxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinoline-4-eum-2 el)methyl)mercury (II)chloride ) which was synthesized on the basis of the isoquinoline alkaloid inhibiting the development of polyresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The same level of sensitivity to this drug of planktonic cultures of parent and selected resistance vancomycin of clinical staphylococci have shown. Effective combinations of the «CA» with other antibacterial compounds inhibiting the growth of bacteria studied strains were revealed by the chessboard method. In vitro, the combination of «CA» with low-molecular weight cation peptides warnerin and hominin, as well as vancomycin, chloramphenicol and daptomycin for strains studied was predominantly indifferent, but in combination with rifampicin an antagonistic effect was observed.

Keywords: staphylococci, vancomycin, warnerin, hominin, isoquinoline, synergy.

Ivan A. Pyankov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Student of the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University
(29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: mmsokolova@mail.ru).

Lyudmila I. Kononova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Engineer, Institute of Ecology and Genetic of Microorganisms UrB RAS (13, Golev str., Perm, 614990;
e-mail: kononova_l@iegm.ru).

Vladimir P. Korobov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of chemistry and biotechnology Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, the Head Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microbial Development (13, Golev str., Perm, 614990; e-mail: korobov@iegm.ru).

Andrey A. Smolyak (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Technical Chemistry UrB RAS (3, Academician Korolev str., Perm, 614013; e-mail: andrew_s82@mail.ru).

Yuri V. Shklyaev (Perm, Russian Federation) – Dr. of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Institute of Technical Chemistry UrB RAS (3, Academician Korolev str., Perm, 614013; e-mail: yushka49@newmail.ru).

1. Hu Z.-Q., Zhao W.-H., Yoda Y., Asano N., Hara Y., Shimamura T. Additive, indifferent and antagonistic effects in combinations of epigallocatechnic gallate with 12 non-β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2002, no. 50, pp. 1051-1054.

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8. Nissen-Meyer J., Nes I.F. Ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides: their function, structure, biogenesis, and mechanism of action. Arch. Microbiol.,1997, no. 167, pp. 67-77.

9. Korobov V.P., Poliudova T.V., Lemkina L.M. Peptidnye faktory mikrobnogo antagonizma – prirodnye antibiotiki shirokogo spektra deistviia [Peptide factors of microbial antagonism – natural broad-spectrum antibiotics]. Permskii meditsinskii zhurnal, 2005, iss. 22, no. 1, pp. 134-144.

10. Korobov V.P., Lemkina L.M., Poliudova T.V., Akimenko V.K. Vydelenie i kharakteristika novogo nizkomolekuliarnogo antibakterial'nogo peptida semeistva lantibiotikov [Isolation and characterization of a new low-molecular antibacterial peptide of the antibiotic family]. Mikrobiologiia, 2010, iss. 2, no. 79. pp. 228-238.

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13. Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Wayne, PA, 2012. 68 p.

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Fat-containing waste is a valuable resource for the production some popular products. Recycling of fat-containing wastes is difficult due to the presence of free fatty acids in such raw materials. Widespread technologies of the vegetable oils processing are based on the use of alkaline catalysts, which are not applicable for the recycling of waste with a high content of free fatty acids. Enzymes are capable of catalyzing both the reaction of esterification of fatty acids and the reaction of transesterification of triglycerides. These type of catalysts are allow to solve the problem of waste recycling. However, the literature data of enzymes using are very controversial. Two type of enzyme preparations were studied in this work. Enzymes were produced from fungal cultures using specific culturing media with fats as a substrate. According to the results of determining the lipase activity the selected enzymes are comparable by activity with the industrial enzyme preparation of animal source. As to the esterification reaction, the produced enzymes have less activity than the industrial ensyme, but this activity is sufficient for waste processing. After a period of time, the acid number of the reaction, which characterizes the decrease of free fatty acids, begins to increase, indicating the enhancement of the reverse reaction of hydrolysis and secondary reactions. As to the reaction of transesterification, the enzyme did not show high activity. The reasons of this effect are the lack of unavailability to this reaction, the possible inactivation of enzymes with alcohol, which is one of the main reagents. The resulting enzyme preparations can be used as part of a complex enzyme catalyst as a catalyst for the esterification reaction.

Keywords: lipases, lipolytic enzymes, triglycerides, transesterification, esterification, fatty acid esters.

Egor A. Pershin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Student, Department of Chemistry and biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: egorpershin96@gmail.com).

Irina A. Permyakova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior lecturer of the Department of Chemistry and biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: zernina88@mail.ru).

1. Canakci M., Gerpen J.V. Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids. Trans ASAE, 2001, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1489-1436.

2. Lou W.Y., Zong M.N., Duan Z.-Q. Efficient production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing waste oils using various carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts. Technol., 2008, vol. 99, no. 18, pp. 8752-8758.

3. Chen J., Tyagi R.D., Zhang X. Li. J., Drogui P., Sun F. Economic assessment of biodiesel production from wastewater sludge. Biores. Technol., 2018, vol. 253, pp. 41-48.

4. Zhang J., L. Jiang. Acid-catalyzed esterification of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production. Biores. Technol., 2008, vol. 99, no. 18, pp. 8995-8998.

5. Sendzikiene E., Makarevicience V., Janulis P., Kiys S. Kinetics of free fatty acids esterification with methanol in the production of biodiesel fuel. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 2004, vol. 106, pp. 831-836.

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8. Dias J.M., Alvim-Ferraz M.C.M., Almeida M.F. Production of biodiesel from acid waste lard. Biores. Technol., 2009, vol. 100, no. 24, pp. 6355-6361.

9. Pushkarev M.A., Lisitskaia T.B., Galynkin V.A., Garabadzhiu A.V., Kozlov G.V. Skrining produtsentov lipaz [Screening of lipase producers]. Izvestiia SPbGTI (TU), 2014, no. 27, pp. 43-46.

10. Garabadzhiu A.V., Galynkin V.A., Karasev M.M., Kozlov G.V., Lisitskaia T.B. Osnovnye aspekty ispol'zovaniia lipaz dlia polucheniia biodizelia (obzor) [The main aspects of the lipases for biodiesel using (review)]. Izvestiia Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo institute, 2010, no. 7, pp. 63-67.

11. Kareem S.O., Falokun E.I., Balogun S.A., Akinloye O.A., Omeike S.O. Enzymatic biodiesel production from palm oil and palm kernel oil using free lipase. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2017, vol. 26, pp. 635-642.

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When creating and producing viral vaccines, nutrient media with the addition of animal blood serum are used. Serum, as a product of animal origin, remains unexplored complex of various components, creates non-standard conditions for the growth and reproduction of cells and viruses. In this regard, in recent years, active research has been conducted on the design of non-whey synthetic nutrient media. The use of serum free medium for cultivation of cells and viruses allows you to make the process of receiving vaccines in a more controlled and significantly reduce the risk of contamination.

On the basis of component composition used for the production of a nutrient medium Needle MEM, the authors have developed a serum free nutrient medium "VectorVac-PS1". The whey-free nutrient medium is a mixture of inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins, glucose, microelements, phenolic red indicator and other components dissolved in purified water. The nutrient medium is sterile, free from animal and plant components, has a constant composition with well-defined ingredients, does not contain antibiotics and preservatives.

The biological properties of the culture medium are investigated. It is shown that the viability of cells in the serum-free medium VectorVac-PS1 is comparable to the commercial serum-free medium SFM4MegaVir and exceeds the medium Needle MEME. Serum free nutrient medium VectorVac-PS1 by cultivating ensures the growth of cells, cells have characteristic culture morphology, a monolayer is formed at 2-3 days growth, maintain a high proliferative activity. The production of vaccine strains L-16 of measles virus and vaccine strains A/17/California/2009/38 (H1N1), A/17/Switzerland/2010/1 (H3N2) and B/60/Phuket/2013 / 26 of influenza virus in cell culture in a serum-free environment VectorVac-PS1 is comparable to the production of viruses in the environment SFM4MegaVir.

The serum-free nutrient medium VectorVac-PS1 is suitable for the cultivation of cells and viruses, can be used in the preparation of vaccines.

Keywords: serum-free medium, cell culture, vaccine strains of measles and influenza virus, vaccines.

Elena A. Nechaeva (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research and Production Work of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: nechaeva@vector.nsс.ru).

Irina F. Radaeva (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Head of the laboratory of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: radaeva@vector.nsс.ru).

Natalya B. Dumchenko (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Researcher of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: dumchenko@vector.nsc.ru).

Tatyana P. Sumkina (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Head of the laboratory of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: sumkina@vector.ngs.ru).

Marina P. Bogryantseva (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Biology Sciences, of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: bogryantseva@vector.nsc.ru).

Tatiana Yu. Senkina (Koltsovo, Russian Federation) – Head of the laboratory of FBRI SRC VB "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor (630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, e-mail: senkina@vector.nsс.ru).

1. Troshkova G.P., Martynets L.D., Kirova E.V., Sumkina T.P., Iudin A.V. Bessyvorotochnaia pitatel'naia sreda dlia kul'tivirovaniia kletok Vero [Serum-free culture medium for culturing Vero cells]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniia, 2005, no. 5, pp. 94-94.

2. Merten O.-W., Kallel H., Manuguerra J.-C.,Tardy-Panit M., Crainic R., Delpeyroux F., Van der Werf S., Perrin P. The new medium MDSS2N, free of any animal protein supports cell growth and production of various viruses. Cytotechnology, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 191-201.

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7. Tekhnicheskie usloviia № 20.59.52-083-05664012-2018 Pitatel'naia sreda dlia kul'tur kletok bessyvorotochnaia zhidkaia VektorVak-PS1 [Nutrient medium for cell cultures of serum-free liquid VectorVak-PS1].

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9. Farmakopeinaia stat'ia OFS.1.7.2.0011.15 Trebovaniia k kletochnym kul'turam-substratam proizvodstva immunobiologicheskikh lekarstvennykh preparatov [Requirements for cell cultures-substrates for the production of immunobiological drugs]. Gosudarstvennaia Farmakopeia 13, 2015, vol. 2, pp. 672-688.

10. Farmakopeinaia stat'ia FS.3.3.1.0032.15 Vaktsina korevaia kul'tural'naia zhivaia [Vaccine measles culture live]. Gosudarstvennaia Farmakopeia 13, 2015, vol. 3, pp. 1061-1294.

11. Farmakopeinaia stat'ia FS.3.3.1.0027.15 Vaktsina grippoznaia zhivaia [Live influenza vaccine]. Gosudarstvennaia Farmakopeia 13, 2015, vol. 3, pp. 993-1008.

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Biodegradation of plant waste is a fundamental biological process of the circulation of organic substances in nature, which allows heterotrophic microorganisms to use a polymer organic substrate formed by photosynthetic macroorganisms. The ability to degradation high-molecular components of wood have various prokaryotes and fungi. The accumulation of a large amount of bark and pulp wastes from the paper and woodworking industry is the serious environmental problem despite the fack that enzyme systems which could utilize raw vegetable materials are widespread in nature. The main methods of wood waste processing in Russia are storage and incineration (after dehydration), while biodegradation of wood waste is not used enough. The purpose of the work was to study the environmental conditions and microbiological processes in the wood waste material of Krasnokamsk woodworking enterprise (Perm region), as well as to isolate microorganisms which could destruct wood waste components. An elemental analysis of wood waste samples from different depths showed a deficiency of nutrients, in particular a nitrogen source in the form of NH4+ cation or NО3– anion, a source of phosphorus in the form of РО43– anion, which is likely the reason of the low speed of biodegradation in deep layers of wood waste. The predominance of bacteria with cellulolyticus activity (7,8×108 CFU / g – 6,3×109 CFU / g) and lignolytics (2,9×108 CFU / g – 9,7×108 CFU / g), as well as micromycetes Trichoderma virida, Aspergillus fumigatus and Paecilomyces variotia was shown in the surface layers of the wood waste.

Keywords: biodegradation, bark and wood waste, microcenosis, mineral composition, cellulolytic bacteria, cellulase.

Yulia G. Maksimova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Biological Sciences, assistant professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University (15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990; e-mail: maks@iegm.ru).

Aleksandr Yu. Maksimov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Chemical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University (15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990; e-mail: almaks1@mail.ru).

Anna V. Shilova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Engineer of Laboratory of Microbial and Cellular Biotechnologies of Perm State University (15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990; e-mail: anechka_shilova@mail.ru).

Olga V. Kolesova (Rome, Italy) – Postgraduate student, Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Public Health, Sapienza University of Rome (5, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, 00185; e-mail: kolesova1439@gmail.com).

Giovanna Simonetti (Rome, Italy) – Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Public Health, Sapienza University of Rome (5, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, 00185; e-mail: giovanna.simonetti@uniroma1.it).

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11. Yurkov A.P. et al. Optimizacija pochvenno-bioticheskogo kompleksa vinogradnyh shkolok na osnove obrabotki gribami arbuskuljarnoj mikorizy [Optimization of the soil-biotic complex of grape-based schools based on the treatment of mycorrhizal fungi] Scientific Works of the State Scientific Institution of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, no. 3, pp. 116-121.

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14. Coulibaly L., Gourene G., Agathos N.S. Utilization of fungi for biotreatment of raw wastewaters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2003, 2 (12), pp. 620-630.

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18. Sonowal P., Khwairakpam M., Kalamdhad A.S. Stability analysis of dewatered sludge of pulp and paper mill during vermicomposting. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2014, no. 5 (1), pp. 19-26.

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The soil is an important environmental resource, which has such properties as fertility. The fertility is an ability to satisfy plant nutrient requirements, sustain growing, development and biological efficiency of agriculture crop.

The important factor for fertility is a microelements supply. Microelements perform many functions related to the basic vital processes. The yield increase of agriculture crops and active using of high response variety enhance soil depletion. The using of micronutrient fertilizer is one of the ways for solving this problem. Their application improves crop quality. The conversion of microelements to chelates is one of the ways to enhance efficiency of fertilizer using. Complexing agents can be used in any agrochemical conditions. Growth regulators are the most perspective substances for these aims. They can easily be included in natural conversion and decay into simple chemical compounds. One such substance is a humic acid.

A number of microelements belongs to heavy metals. Big amount of them can bring significant damage to the ecosystem. Therefore, heavy metal pollution is one the huge modernity problem. The soil can accumulate heavy metals and serve as natural buffer, which controls transport of chemical elements and compounds to atmosphere and hydrosphere.

Therefore, the soil geochemistry optimization is one of the necessary condition for the agriculture development.

In this research, we suppose to use products based on humic acids as regulators of the amount of mobile copper form in soils.

Keywords: humic acid, copper humate, microelements, copper, micronutrient fertilizer.

Dmitriy D. Kopp (Perm, Russian Federation) – Student of Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: mit.kopp@yandex.ru).

Anna V. Portnova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: annysky2002@mail.ru).

1. Orlov D.S. Gumusovye kisloty pochv i obshhaja teorija gumifikacii [Soils Humus Acids and general theory of humification]. Moscow, Izd-vo MGU, 1990, 325 p.

2. Orlov D.S. Guminovye veshhestva v biosphere [Humus substances in Biosphere]. Sorosovskij obrazovatel'nyj zhurnal, 1997, no. 2. pp. 56-63.

3. Bezuglova O.S., Orlov D.S. Biogeohimija [Biogeochemistry]. Rostov n/D: Feniks, 2000, 320 р.

4. Repnicyna O.N., Popova L.F. Transformacija podvizhnyh form medi v sezonnopromerzajushhih pochvah goroda Arhangel'ska [Mobile form copper transformation in the seasonally freezing soils of the city of Arkhangelsk]. Arktika i sever, 2012, no 9, pp 1-15.

5. Bezuglova O.S. Polienko E.A., Gorovcov A.V. Guminovye preparaty kak stimuljatory rosta rastenij i mikroorganizmov [Humic products as growth stimulator of plants and microorganisms]. Izvestija Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2016, no. 2, pp. 11-13.

6. Vil'dflush I.R. Jeffektivnost' primenenija mikroudobrenij i reguljatorov rosta pri vozdelyvanii sel'skohozjajstvennyh kul'tur [The application efficiently of micronutrient fertilizer and growth regulators in the crop cultivation]. Minsk: Belorusskaja nauka, 2011, 293 p.

7. Mineev V.G. Praktikum po agrohimii [Agrochemistry workshop]. Moscow, Izd-vo MGU, 2001, 689 p.

8. Levinskij B.V. Sposob poluchenija kompleksnyh guminovyh udobrenij [Method for preparing complex humin fertilizers]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 200213418511 (2013).

9. Bobrenko E.G. Vlijanie sorta i udobrenij na mikrojelementnyj sostav redisa [Effect of Variety and Fertilizers on the Trace Element Composition of Radish]. Jelektronnyj nauchno-metodicheskij zhurnal Omskogo GAU, 2017, iss. 11 no. 4, pp.

10. Metodika izmerenij vshozhesti semjan i dliny kornej prorostkov vysshih rastenij dlja opredelenija toksichnosti tehnogennogo zagrjaznenija pochv [Measuring method of germinating ability and root length of higher plants to determine the toxicity of anthropogenic pollution] (M-P- 2006 FR.1.39.2006.02264). Sankt-Peterburg, 2009, 19 p.

11. Titova V.I. Agro- i biohimicheskie metody issledovanija sostojanija jekosistem: ucheb. posobie dlja vuzov [Agro-and biochemical methods for studying the state of ecosystems]. N. Novgorod: Izd.-vo VVAGS, 2011, 170 p.

12. Eremchenko O.Z. Ispol'zovanie biologicheskih pokazatelej pri ocenke biogeocenoticheskih funkcij pochv [The using of biological indicators in the assessment of soil biogeocenotic functions]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovanija, 2012, pp. 6-8.

The technical level of modern systems of automatic control of technological processes and production involves not only highly qualified specialists who design, install, maintain such systems, but also require competences in various fields of science and technology, the ability to combine knowledge from various fields and implement them in the form of complex making. When training specialists in the field of automation it is important to pay attention to the integration of knowledge. For example, in the development of automatic control systems for pumping and compressor installations, apparatus agitators, dryers drives, etc. developers and adjusters of control systems solve problems related to the development of control algorithms, programs for controllers and operator stations, configuring operator screens, industrial field and control level networks, development, installation and commissioning of electrical circuits, etc. The article is devoted to developing personnel of enterprises associated with the development and operation of control systems consider the listed tasks as a whole. The developed educational-methodical laboratory bench simulates a technological unit with an electric motor controlled by a low-channel processor controller using local (local) control, the local operator panel and from the operator's station. Such plants of periodic operation with local control are especially characteristic of periodical low-tonnage production, such as cement and other construction mixtures, paint and varnish and pharmaceutical production, etc.

The educational and methodical stand allows you to master the following operations: development, installation and commissioning of motor start-up circuits, connection diagrams to the DCO controller; development and programming of the control algorithm in the programming languages of the process controllers LD, ST, FBD, IL; connection of RS232, RS485 interfaces, and configuration of protocols (for example, Modbus); development of operator screens.

Keywords: automation system, hierarchical control systems, training, microprocessor automation and control.

Aleksandr V. Belov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Bachelor, Department of Equipment and Automation of Chemical Production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (9, Building B, Professor Pozdeev str., Perm, 614013, e-mail: Sasha.belov.13@mail.ru).

Denis A. Otavin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Bachelor, Department of Equipment and Automation of Chemical Production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (9, Building B, Professor Pozdeev str., Perm, 614013, e-mail: Sasha.belov.13@mail.ru).

Pavel Yu. Sokol’chik (Perm Russian Federation) – Ph.D in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Equipment and Automation of Chemical Production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (9, Building B, Professor Pozdeev str., Perm, 614013, e-mail: htfz@pastu.ru).

1. Petrov I.V. Programmirovanie kontrollerov. Standartnye iazyki i priemy prikladnogo proektirovaniia [Programming controllers. Standard languages and techniques of applied design]. Ed. V.P. D'iakonova., Moscow, SOLON-Press, 2015, 256 p.

2. Il'iukhin V.N. Programmirovanie promyshlennykh logicheskikh kontrollerov «OVEN» v sisteme «CoDeSys» [Programming of industrial logic controllers “OWEN” in the CoDeSys system]. «Samarskii Gosudarstvennyi aerokosmicheskii universitet imeni akademika S.P. KOROLEVA»

3. Maksimychev O.I., Libenko A.V., Vinogradov V.A. Programmirovanie Logicheskikh Kontrollerov (PLC) [Programming Logic Controllers (PLC): proc. manual]. Moscow, MADI, 2016, 188 p.

4. Parr E. Programmiruemye kontrollery, rukovodstvo dlia inzhenera [Programmable controllers: a manual for the engineer]. Moscow, BINOM. Laboratoriia znanii, 2007, 516 p.

5. Demenkov N.P. Iazyk programmirovaniia promyshlennykh kontrollerov [Programming Language for Industrial Controllers: Study Guide]. Ed. K.A. Pupkova. Moscow, Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2004, 172 p.

6. Kuz'minov A.Iu. Interfeis RS232. Sviaz' mezhdu komp'iuterom i mikrokontrollerom [Communication between a computer and a microcontroller]. Moscow, Radio i sviaz', 2004, 168 p.

7. Minaev I.G., Samoilenko V.V. Programmiruemye logicheskie kontrollery: prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia nachinaiushchego inzhenera [Programmable logic controllers: a practical guide for a novice engineer]. Starvopol, AGRUS, 2009, 100 p.

8. Kisarimov R.A. Spravochnik elektrika [Handbook electrician]. Moscow, IP RAdioSoft, 1999, 320 p.

9. Denisenko V.V. Komp'iuternoe upravlenie tekhnologicheskim pro­tsessom, eksperimentom, oborudovaniem [Computer control of technological process, experiment, equipment]. Moscow, Goriachaia liniia ,Telekom, 2009, 608 p.

10. Sorkind M. Asinkhronnye elektrodvigateli 0,4 kV. Avariinye rezhimy raboty [Asynchronous electric motors 0.4 kV. Emergency operation modes]. Novosti ElektroTekhniki, 2005, no. 2(32).

11. Kliuchev V.I., Terekhov V.M. Elektroprivod i avtomatizatsiia obshche­promyshlennykh mekhanizmov [Electric drive and automation of common industrial mechanisms]. Moscow, Energiia, 1980, 360 p.

12. Mikhail Ermakov. Plavnyi pusk, ot teorii k praktike [Smooth start-up – from theory to practice]. Komponenty i Tekhnologii, 2006, no. 2.

13. Sokol'chik P.Iu., Stashkov S.I., Barantsev V.G. Sposob proverki oborudovaniia sistemy upravleniia i ego predvaritel'noi naladki s primeneniem universal'nogo stenda imitatsii obekta upravleniia [The method of checking the control system equipment and its preliminary adjustment using the universal stand of the control object simulation]. Vestnik PNIPU. Khimicheskaia tekhnologiia i biotekhnologiia, 2018, no. 1, pp. 34-44.

14. Anashkin A.S., Kadyrov E.D., Khazarov V.G. Tekhnicheskoe i programmnoe obespechenie raspredelennykh sistem upravleniia [Technical and software of distributed control systems]. S. Peterburg, «P-2», 2004, 368 p.

15. Alekseev G.P. Avtomatizatsiia tekhnologicheskikh protsessov i proiz­vodstv na osnove priborov OVEN. Rukovodstvo po vypolneniiu bazovykh eksperimentov. ATTP.002 RBE (989.1) [Automation of technological processes and production on the basis of devices ARIES. A guide to performing basic experiments. ATTP.002 RBE (989.1).]. Ed. P.N. Senigova, Cheliabinsk: IPTs «Uchebnaia tekhnika», 2015, 166 p.

16. Adreev E.B., Kliuchnikov A.I., Krotov A.V., Popad'ko V.E., Sharova I.Ia., Avtomatizatsiia tekhnologicheskikh protsessov dobychi i podgotovki nefti i gaza [Automation of Technological Processes of Oil and Gas Extraction and Treatment]. Moscow, OOO «Nedra-Biznestsentr», 2008, 399 p.

White oils are water white petroleum oils produced by deep catalytic hydrogenation of petroleum fractions or purification of oil distillates by oleum or sulfur trioxide and bleaching earth. Over 1.5 million tons of white mineral oils are manufactured annually to then be applied in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, perfumery and cosmetics.

Technical white oils are used as extenders and plasticizers in production of plastics and elastomers, for lubrication of injection molds; as carriers of catalytic complexes; paint and pigment dispersing agents, in textile industry – as avivage agents in making of synthetic fibers.

Medicinal and edible oils are applied as components of creams, pastes, hairsprays, lotions and soaps in cosmetics; as raw materials for medicines in healthcare and pharmaceutics; in food industry – for lubrication of mechanisms, machines and molds for products and packages; in agriculture – for making of animal drugs, feed supplements and feed mixing; as solvents or dispersing agents; as main component of oil adjuvant for preparation of emulsified medical vaccines.

Currently, the production of white oils in the Russian Federation is insignificant, while the production of quality oils fit for use as plasticizers for plastics is nonexistent. In 2014, the export of white oils to the Russian Federation was around 15 thousand tons and its growth has been estimated at 5-7% annually.

Thus, assessment of the current state of domestic and foreign white oil production processes, as well as development of new purification methods to reach required product quality indexes as per application is obviously relevant. Meanwhile, this process is one of the most costly in petroleum processing.

This paper provides a short review of the basic oil stock purification methods and a comparative analysis of established technologies used in Russia and abroad. The work considers the principal properties determining quality and applications of white oils and offers a new paraffin stock purification process.

Keywords: white oils, production technology, mineral oils, refined or crude oil.

Alexander A. Shchepalov (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Chemistry, Associate Professor, the Head of Petrochemical Department, Biochemical Holding ORGKHIM, Management Company, JSC (55 A, Belinskogo str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950).

Elena S. Kotlova (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Chemistry, Process Engineer, Biochemical Holding ORGKHIM, Management Company, JSC (55 A, Belinskogo str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950).

Artemy S. Novoselov (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) – junior researcher, Research Institute of Chemistry Nizhny Novgorod State University
(23/5, Gagarin аv., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950).

Alexandra A. Shalashova (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation) – junior researcher, Research Institute of Chemistry Nizhny Novgorod State University (23/5, Gagarin аv., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950).

1. Samedova F.I. Tekhnologiia polucheniia belykh masel iz azerbai­dzhan­skikh neftei. [Technology for the production of white oils from Azerbaijani oils]. Baku, Elm, 1996, 124 p.

2. Potanina V.A., Marcheva E.N., Bogdanov Sh.K. Kachestvo i tekhnologiia proizvodstva belykh masel // TsNII informatsii-tekhniko-ekonomicheskikh issledo­vanii neftepererabatyvaiushchei i neftekhimicheskoi promyshlennosti [Quality and technology of white oil production // Central Research Institute for Information on Technical and Economic Studies of the Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry (thematic review. Oil refining)]. 1981, p. 42.

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4. Marketingovoe issledovanie rynka belykh masel v Rossii i mire [Market research of white oils in Russia and the world]. Megaresearch, 2013, p. 30.

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8. All catalytic medicinal white oil production: assignee: Exxon Mobil Research & Engineering Company. Patent US 0166251 A1 (2009).

9. White oil from waxy feed using highly selective and active wax hydroisomerization catalyst; assignee: Chevron U.S.A. Inc; Patent US 7214307 B2 (2007).

10. Claus Daleck. Sposob polucheniia naftenovykh tekhnologicheskikh masel putem gidrirovaniia [Method for producing naphthenic process oils by hydrogenation]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia 2 473 668 C2 (2013).

11. Kasatkin A.G. Osnovnye protsessy i apparaty khimicheskoi tekhnologii [Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology]. Moscow, Khimiia, 1971, 784 p.

Among the chemical additives to polymeric materials, as an antioxidant, phenolic derivatives currently occupy an important place, because they are mostly non-toxic and unpainted preparations.

Disadvantages of modern chemical additives can be called their low thermal stability at high temperatures, insufficient compatibility and poor solubility in polymers, rubbers, oils, etc. The solubility factor affects a number of physicochemical characteristics of the used object. So when adding a poorly soluble chemical additive to the polymer, during operation it rises to the surface of the object, thereby causing cracking of the polymer. So, the search and synthesis of new chemical additives that provide better solubility and compatibility in the used object is topical.

To this end, a cycloalkylation reaction of phenol with cyclic ether was carried out. The structure and composition of the desired product – methyl 4-methyl-4 '(4-hydro­xy­phenyl) ¬ cyclohexane ¬ carboxylic acid were determined using spectral methods and chromatographic analysis. Based on the experimental data, a regression mathematical model of the 4-methyl-4 '(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester synthesis process was developed reflecting the influence of the main technological factors (temperature, reaction time, amount of catalyst, molar ratio of the initial components) on the yield and selectivity of the target product. Statistical analysis of the obtained model is carried out, the adequacy of the proved model to the experimental data is proved. Optimum values of the output variables (temperature – 120 °C, reaction time – 4 hours, amount of catalyst – 10 % and molar ratio of initial components phenol: ether -1: 1, respectively) are found at which maximum yield of methyl 4-methyl-4 ' (4-hydroxyphenyl) ¬ cyclohexane ¬ carboxylic acid. The yield of the desired product on the phenol taken was 81%, and the selectivity of the reaction was 92 % by the target product.

Keywords: optimization, cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester, mathematical modeling.

Mehriban V. Naghiyeva (Baku, Azerbaijan) – Doctoral student of the Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after. Yu.G. Mamedaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (30, Khojaly аv., Baku, 1025, e-mail: mehri.nagieva@mail.ru).

Rasim P. Jafarov (Baku, Azerbaijan) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, leading researcher of the Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after. Yu.G. Mamedaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (30, Khojaly аv., Baku, 1025, e-mail: djafarov_rasim@mail.ru).

Chingiz K. Rasulov (Baku, Azerbaijan) – Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of the laboratory of the Institute of Petrochemical Processes. Yu.G. Mamedaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (30, Khojaly аv., Baku, 1025, e-mail: rchk49@mail.ru).

Igar G. Nazarov (Baku, Azerbaijan) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, dean of the chemical faculty of the Moscow State University. MV Lomonosov in the city of Baku (1, Universitetskaya str., Khojasan village, Binagadi district, Baku, 1144; e-mail: niqrar@gmail.com).

1. Shakhmuradov S.T., Dzhafarov R.P., Mirzoev V.G., Rasulov Ch.K. Kineticheskie zakonomernosti i mekhanizm reaktsii orto-tsikloalkilirovaniia para-khlorfenola 1-metiltsiklogeksenom [Kinetic regularities and the mechanism of the reaction of ortho-cycloalkylation of para-chlorophenol 1-methylcyclohexene]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiia, 2018, no. 1, pp. 29-31.

2. Sebastian Ecksteina, Peter H. Hintermeiera, Mariefel V. Olarteb, Yue Liua, Eszter Baratha, Johannes A. Lercher Elementary steps and reaction pathways in the aqueous phase alkylation of phenol with ethanol. Journal of Catalysis, 2017, vol. 352, pp. 329-336.

3. Nikita Yu. Krymkin, Vladimir A. Shakun, Tatyana N. Nesterova, Pavel V. Naumkin, Maxim V. Shuraev. Theory and practice of alkyl phenol synthesis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2016, vol. 55(37), pp. 9829-9839.

4. Ch.K. Rasulov, A.G. Azizov, L.B. Zeynalova, R.K. Azimova, S.I. Abasova, A.A. Rashidova. Interaction of phenol with 1-methylcycloalkenes in the presence of phosphorus-containing zeolite-Y. Petrochemistry, 2007, vol.47, no. 6, pp. 442-444.

5. Chukicheva I.Iu., Kuchin A.V. Prirodnye i sinteticheskie terpenofenoly [Natural and synthetic terpenophenols]. Zhurnal organicheskoi khimii, 2004, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 21-36.

6. Mirzoyev V.G. Interaction of phenol with 3-vinilcyclohexene a catalytic cycloalkenyl chlorination on a centinuosly operating unit. Processes of petro­chemistry and oil refining, 2015, vol. 17, no. 1, pp.93-97.

7. Praveen K.Khatri, Manvi Manchanda, Suman L.Jain. Polymer impregnated sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst for alkylation of phenol with methyl-tret-butyl ether. Royal society of chemistry Adv., 2015, no. 5, pp. 3286-3289.

8. Selezneva I.E,, Levin A.Ia., Trofilova G.L. Novaia sverkhshchelochnaia alkilfenol'naia prisadka k motornym maslam [New Alkaline Alkylphenol Additive to Motor Oils]. KhTTM, 2009, no. 4, pp. 10-12.

9. Chukicheva I.Iu., Spirikin L.V., Kuchin A.V. Molekuliarnaia tandemnaia peregruppirovka pri alkilirovanii fenola kamfenom [Molecular tandem rearrangement in the alkylation of phenol with camphene]. ZhOKh, 2008, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 69-73.

10. Nagieva M.V., Agamaliev Z.Z., Kulieva E.M., Alieva S.G., Rasulov Ch.K. Sintez metilovykh efirov 4(4-gidroksifenil)- i 4′-metil-(4-gidroksifenil) tsiklogeksan karbonovykh kislot i ikh aminometilirovannykh proizvodnykh [Synthesis of methyl esters of 4 (4-hydroxyphenyl) – and 4′-methyl- (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane of carboxylic acids and their aminomethyl derivatives]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiia, 2018, no. 6, pp. 38-42.

11. Mirzoev V.G. Sintez p-(tsiklogeksen-3-il-etil)-fenolai nekotorye osobennosti reaktsii fosfitirovaniia ego s trekhkhloristym fosforom [Synthesis of p- (cyclohexen-3-yl-ethyl) -phenol and some features of the reaction of its phosphitization with phosphorus trichloride]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiia, 2017, no. 7, pp. 24-28.

12. Mirzoev V.G., Dzhafarov R.P., Azizov A.G., Rasulov Ch.K. Opti­mi­zatsiia protsessa tsikloalkilirovaniia fenola s 3-viniltsiklogeksenom [Optimization of the process of cycloalkylation of phenol with 3-vinylcyclohexene]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiia, 2017, no. 1, pp. 14-18.

13. Nesterova T.N., Chernyshov D.A., Shalkin V.A. Sulfonic Acid Cation Exchange Resins in the synthesis of Straight chain alkylphenols. Catalysis in Industry, 2016, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 16-22.

14. Dana Vitvarova, Lenka Lupinkova, Martin Kubu. Akylation of phenols and acylation 2-methoxynaphthalene over SSZ-33 zeolites. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2015, 210, pp. 133-141.

15. Malyshev V.P. Veroiatnostno-determinirovannoe planirovanie eksperi­menta [Probabilistic deterministic experiment planning]. Almaty, Nauka, 1981, 116 p.

The paper dwells upon the relevant issue of obtaining water-soluble chlorine-free complex fertilizers based on technical products for greenhouse facilities. There have been investigations of conversion ways to obtain water-soluble chlorine-free complex fertilizers based on chemical potassium chloride, ammophoses, extraction phosphoric acid, ammonium nitrate and urea. The study also involved the influence of basic technological parameters of conversion and rinsing processes on the composition of the obtained fertilizers, i.e. potassium nitrate and potassium ammonium phosphate. Optimum process conditions have been determined as well as process operating mode to enable high-quality product recovery confirmed by industrial testing results under the conditions of real production process together with product testing in both open and under-glass grounds. The most rational techniques for disposing of exhausted conversion solutions have been proposed, i.e. production of liquid and suspended liquid complex fertilizers on their basis along with the production of granulated complex fertilizers of various grades. A universal fail-safe process layout for the production of potassium ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate has been developed.

Keywords: chlorine-free fertilizers, conversion, ammonium nitrate, potassium-ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, technological scheme.

Oleg B. Dormeshkin (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Technology of Inorganic Substances and General Chemical Technology, Belarusian State Technological University (13а, Sverdlova str., Minsk, 220006).

Dmitry M. Novik (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Technology of Inorganic Substances and General Chemical Technology, Belarusian State Technological University (13а, Sverdlova str., Minsk, 220006).

Victoria I. Shatilo (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Technology of Inorganic Substances and General Chemical Technology, Belarusian State Technological University (13а, Sverdlova str., Minsk, 220006).

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10. Vorob'ev N.I., Dormeshkin O.B., Novik D.M. Issledovaniye vliyaniya karbamida na protsess polucheniya nitrata kaliya konversionnym metodom [Investigation of the influence of urea on the process of obtaining of potassium nitrate by conversion method]. Trudy BGTU. Ser. III, Khimiya i tekhnologiya neorgan. v-v, Minsk, 2002, vol. 10, pp. 151–158.

11. Dormeshkin O.B., Vorobyov N.I., Novik D.M., Cherches G.H. Vliyaniye karbamida na rastvorimost' v sisteme K+,NH4+//Cl-,NO3- – H2O [The effect of urea on solubility in the system K+, NH4+ / / Cl-,NO3- – H2O]. Vestsi Natsyianal'nai akademii navuk. Ser. khim. navuk. 2004, no. 3, pp. 10-15.

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Additive technologies are a relatively new, rapidly developing direction, the use of which is possible not only in industry, but also in everyday life. Such technologies open up the possibility of “growing” objects by layer-by-layer deposition of material on the generated object. The first printers using this technology were designed to reduce the time to produce prototypes for evaluation by design engineers and designers with respect to future product features, with subsequent adjustments. The development and improvement of computer technology and 3D modeling made it possible to implement additive technologies not only in creating prototypes, but also in obtaining full-fledged parts and objects.

The difference between additive technology and machining technology, which works on the principle of removing excess parts, is efficiency in terms of raw materials, since there is no excess material. The growth in the number of technological solutions that allows for 3D printing is due to the massive interest in this issue and the possibility of using it at home. The increase in interest is also because this technology has affected many areas of human activity: culture, health care, many industries (including the production of ceramic products). Production of ceramic products using additive technologies is extremely difficult due to the high melting points of ceramics, as well as due to the high requirements imposed on the finished material (toughness, chemical inertness, porosity, etc.).

This review article discusses the main methods of production of objects using additive technologies in the field of ceramic products, the requirements for raw materials, as well as methods for producing raw materials. Raw materials in additive technologies play an important role and high demands are placed on it, because the properties of an object directly depend on the quality of the raw materials.

Keywords: additive technologies, ceramic products, production, methods, raw materials, method, nanoparticles.

Vladislav S. Glazunov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Student of the Department of Chemical Technology of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: wadimmm.98@mail.ru).

Maria V. Cherepanova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Chemical Technology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: syromyatnikova.maria@yandex.ru).

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