JOURNALVESTNIK
OF PERM NATIONAL RESEARCH POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY ISSN (Print): 2411-1678 ISSN (Online): 2411-1694 | ||
ON THE INFLUENCE OF A TRAILER HITCH WITH A VARIABLE DRAWBAR LENGTH ON THE KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AUTO TRACTOR TRAIN Iu.N. Stroganov, E.M. Pampura Received: 09.04.2023 Received in revised form: 18.04.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The dispersal of the weight of the road train along several running axles makes it possible to reduce the specific axial weight and, with a significant increase in load capacity compared to single vehicles, use road trains on public roads. At the same time, the use of trailers as independent transport links in the composition of the road train leads to an increase in overall dimensions, mainly along the length of the road train. The increase in overall length and the presence of articulated joints between the links of the road train negatively affects such operational properties of the vehicle as maneuverability. For trailers, the length of the drawbar is chosen constant and maximum, ensuring unhindered folding of the links of the transport train at any turning radii that take place in operational conditions. At the same time, the maximum length of the drawbar is necessary only for small turning radii; in straight-line motion, such a length dimension of the drawbar is not required. Adjustment of the drawbar length is possible by modernizing and using traction-coupling devices that ensure the maintenance of the optimal length of the drawbar depending on the turning radius of the road train. The article proposes a method for determining the minimum required drawbar length in case of unsteady movement on a turn for a road train in composition with a single-axle trailer. An analysis of the interdependencies of the folding angles of the road train, the angle of rotation of the steered wheels in the process of turning the road train by 90° with a stationary and adjustable drawbar length is carried out. According to the results of research, a number of patented technical solutions for traction-coupling devices with adjustable length of the trailer drawbar are presented, which have a positive effect on the safety of the road train under operating conditions. Keywords: road train, traction-coupling device, adjustable drawbar length, road train folding angle, road train turning stages, curvilinear unsteady motion, rotation mode parameter, overall length of the road train. Authors:
Iurii N. Stroganov (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Lifting and Transport Machines and Robots, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (19, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation, e-mail: iu.n.stroganov@urfu.ru). Elena M. Pampura (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Higher Mathematics, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (19, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation, e-mail: e.m.pampura@urfu.ru). References:
EQUIPMENT SELECTION FOR FORENSIC MACRO AND MICRO PHOTOGRAPHY OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS MALFUNCTIONS M.Yu. Petukhov Received: 17.04.2023 Received in revised form: 18.04.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The preparation of illustrations for the expert report is an important part of the evidence of his conclusions. With macro-, and even more so with microphotography of small objects of automotive expertise, technical difficulties arise that reduce the quality of perception of illustrations. This is the fuzziness of the image and its low detail. Therefore, the paper substantiates the criteria for the quality of such photographs and analyzes the illustrations obtained by different photographic equipment in terms of applicability in expert practice. It has been established that the best quality are photographs taken by digital cameras of Hi-End optical microscopes that use focus-stacking technologies when preparing a series of photographs. A series of images processed by special software allows you to get a sharp image across the entire field. The study found that the quality of photographs acceptable for the analysis of defects is obtained by using special macro lenses at a 1:1 photography scale and APS-C or Micro Four Thirds format cameras. The cost of ownership of such equipment is greatly reduced in comparison with Hi-End optical microscopes. In the case of high requirements for the quality of illustrations and the need for research in the field, the author proposed an independently created system for observing and fixing images based on a full-frame digital camera using high-quality microscope objectives with magnification of 1:5 and 1:10. According to the author, it fully provides the required image quality and the needs of automotive expertise in the preparation of photographs of small objects. The use of special focus-stacking programs allows you to get sharp photographs throughout the field. Examples of the use of such a system in automotive expertise are also given. Keywords: forensic analysis photography, automotive component failures, focus-stacking, macrophotography, microphotography, quality, criteria, estimation. Authors:
Mikhail Yu. Petukhov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Automobiles and Technological Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: pmu@pstu.ru) References:
DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AVERAGE VALUE OF THE LONGITUDINAL ROUGHNESS INDEX AND THE STRENGTH OF THE PAVEMENT S.V. Aleksikov, M.I. Tregubova, D.R. Shiryashkina, A.P. Tregubov Received: 27.11.2022 Received in revised form: 09.12.2022 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The existing means of measuring the strength of a road structure in terms of elastic deflection are low-performance and do not allow simultaneous diagnostics of the entire regional road network. The question arises of determining the relationship between the longitudinal evenness index and the strength of non-rigid pavements. As a result of the literature review, it was revealed that the issues of determining the dependencies between the longitudinal evenness index and roadway damage, as well as IRI and the strength of the road structure, are relevant both in Russia and in foreign countries. The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of the strength factor of the road structure on the evenness of the pavement. Based on the results of diagnostics of the regional road network of the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region, a statistical analysis was carried out aimed at determining the laws of the IRI distribution. The normality of the International Roughness Index distribution law is confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov agreement criterion. A visual assessment of roadway defects was carried out on 9 highways with a total length of 30.977 km with different values of the longitudinal evenness index. The result of the research was a linear equation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, the use of which will determine the probable value of the strength factor depending on the evenness. The performed studies also made it possible to establish the dependence of the development of roadway defects on the indicator of longitudinal evenness, which is typical for the Volgograd region. The application of the model for predicting the strength of the road structure from evenness in practice will allow you to quickly determine the strength resource of road structures of the regional road network. The obtained dependence will facilitate the process of forming a program for the repair of the road network based on its annual diagnostics. Keywords: longitudinal flatness, pavement strength, IRI, roadway, highway, pavement defect, road network. Authors:
Sergey V. Aleksikov (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Construction and Operation of Transport Structures, Volgograd State Technical University (1, Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation, e-mail: al34rus@mail.ru). Marina I. Tregubovva (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate of the Department of Construction and Operation of Transport Structures, Volgograd State Technical University (1, Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation, e-mail: AMI97i@yandex.ru) Darya R. Shiryashkina (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate of the Department of Construction and Operation of Transport Structures, Volgograd State Technical University (1, Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation, e-mail: shiryashkina2017@yandex.ru) Artem P. Tregubov (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate of the Department of Construction and Operation of Transport Structures, Volgograd State Technical University (1, Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation, e-mail: treguartem@yandex.ru). References: 1. Hasan H. Joni, Miami M. Hilal, Muataz S. Abed. Developing international roughness index (IRI) model from visiblepavement distresses. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, no. 737. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/737/1/012119, available at: https://www.researchgate.net – англоязычная статья. 2. Merza, Taghreed, Mohammed Al-Jumaili A Review of Studying the Relationship of Traffic Stream Characteristics and Noise Intensity with Flexible Pavement Surface Condition IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, no. 961. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012086, available at: https://www.researchgate.net – англоязычная статья. 3. Satkar Shrestha, Rajesh Khadka Assessment of Relationship between Road Roughness and Pavement Surface Condition. Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, 2021, no. 6, p. 177-185. DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38357, available at: https://www.researchgate.net – англоязычная статья. 4. Prasad, J, S. Kanuganti, R.Bhanegaonkar, A. Sarkar, S.Arkatkar Development of Relationship between Roughness (IRI) and Visible Surface Distresses: A Study on PMGSY Roads. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013, no. 104. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.125, available at: https://www.researchgate.net. – англоязычная статья. 5. Burtyl' Ju. V., Kapskij D.V. Modelirovanie vzaimosvjazi rovnosti i prochnosti nezhestkih dorozhnyh odezhd na osnovanii teoretichesko-prakticheskih issledovanij [Modeling the relationship between evenness and strength of non-rigid pavements based on theoretical and practical research]. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo universiteta, 2022, Vol. 19, no. 4 (86), pp. 570-583. DOI: 10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-4-570-583. 6. Burty`l` Yu. V. Leonovich I.I. Vzaimozavisimosti rovnosti pokry`tiya i prochnosti dorozhnoj odezhdy` [Interdependence between the evenness of the pavement and the strength of pavement]. Stroitel`naya nauka i texnika, 2011, no. 1, pp. 76-80. 7. Burty`l` Yu. B., Solodkaya M.G., Kovalev Ya. N. Prognozirovanie rovnosti dorozhny`x pokry`tij [Forecasting the evenness of road surfaces]. Nauka i texnika, 2021, no. 3, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie-rovnosti-dorozhnyh-pokrytiy (accessed 02 January 2023). 8. Pegin P.A., Kapskij D.V., Burty`l` Yu. V. Razrabotka metodiki ocenki prodol`noj rovnosti dorozhnogo pokry`tiya pri izmenenii prochnosti dorozhny`x konstrukcij [Development of a methodology for assessing the longitudinal evenness of the road surface when changing the strength of road structures]. BRNI, 2022, no. 4, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razrabotka-metodiki-otsenki-prodolnoy-rovnosti-dorozhnogo-pokrytiya-pri-izmenenii-prochnosti-dorozhnyh-konstruktsiy (accessed 01 January 2023). 9. Krasikov O.A. Obosnovanie strategiy remonta nezhestkikh dorozhnykh odezhd [Substantiation of repair strategies for non-rigid pavements]. Abstract of Doctor’s degree dissertation. Moscow, 2000, 44 p. 10. Krasikov O.A., Kosenko I.N., Kasymov U. Sh. Obosnovanie uproshchennogo kriteriia v sisteme upravleniia dorozhnymi aktivami [Justification of the simplified criterion in the road asset management system]. Dorogi i mosty, 2018, no. 1 (39), 2 p. 11. Vasil'ev A.P. Spravochnaia entsiklopediia dorozhnika. Tom 2. Remont i soderzhanie avtomobil'nykh dorog [Reference encyclopedia of the road Builder. Repair and maintenance of roads. Volume 2], Moscow, Informavtodor, 2004, 1192 p. 12. Krivko E.V., Bazov V.V. Osobennosti planirovaniia meropriiatii po provedeniiu dorozhnoremontnykh rabot [Features of planning of actions for carrying out road repair works]. Dal'nii Vostok. Avtomobil'nye dorogi i bezopasnost' dvizheniia. Mezhdunarodnyi sbornik nauchnykh trudov, Khabarovsk, 2017, vol. 17, pp. 161-167. 13. Gmurman V.E. Teoriia veroiatnostei i matematicheskaia statistika [Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics]. Moscow, Vysshaia shkola, 2005, 479 p. 14. Venttsel' E.S. Ovcharov L.A. Teoriia veroiatnostei i ee inzhenernoe prilozhenie [Probability theory and its engineering application], Moscow, Vysshaia shkola, 2000, 480 p. 15. Venttsel' E.S. Ovcharov L.A. Prikladnye zadachi teorii veroiatnostei [Applied problems of probability theory]. Moscow, Radio i sviaz', 1983, 416 p.
VARIANT DESIGN OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE VALLEYS OF SMALL RIVERS IN THE CITY OF PERM M.D. Lotenkova, D.A. Tatiannikov Received: 27.01.2023 Received in revised form: 13.02.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
In areas with large elevation differences, the construction of buildings and structures is associated with additional engineering protection measures, such as strengthening slopes or installing retaining structures. For the arrangement of slopes, it is necessary to take into account the limited space and the allocation of large areas for them. The most common and well-established method for the engineering protection of slope areas is the installation of retaining structures. Retaining walls are classified according to many parameters. Specifically, according to the method of ensuring stability, they are divided into massive, with a soil counterweight, with embedment in the soil, thrust, anchor elements in accordance with SP 381.1325800.2018 Retaining structures. Design rules. The most common and well-established way of constructing retaining walls is the use of monolithic or precast concrete. There are proven design approaches, extensive experience in construction practice. However, the construction of such structures is always associated with high labor intensity and the use of a large number of construction equipment. In recent years, traditional retaining walls have been actively replaced by simpler counterparts. Abroad, when building roads, builders seek to reduce financial and labor costs, therefore, along with the classic options for strengthening slopes, they use retaining structures made of reinforced soil with metal meshes or geotextiles. In this trend, our country is no exception, a lot of holding structures, in particular, from gabions, were erected in landslide and landslide-prone areas of the North Caucasus. This article discusses the technical and economic comparison of three options for the construction of retaining structures from: precast concrete, gabions and reinforced soil. Keywords: retaining wall, slope, gabions, reinforcing panel, geosynthetics, solid wall. Authors:
Marina D. Lotenkova (Perm, Russian Federation) – student of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky pr., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: marina.lotenkova@mail.ru). Daniil А. Tatyannikov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Construction Production and Geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky pr., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: tatiannikovda.spg@yandex.ru). References:
THE USE OF RECYCLED SOLID PIG WASTE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS COMPOSITIONS O.S. Ediseev, V.P. Druzyanova Received: 03.02.2023 Received in revised form: 17.02.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
Abstract: Currently, there is a problem with the disposal of pig waste throughout the Russian Federation. This article discusses the use of recycled solid and liquid pig waste as a modifier for oil road bitumen operated in the geopermafrost zone of Russia. In the United States and China, technologies have been developed to obtain oil from processed pig waste. As a starting material for obtaining a bitumen modifier, solid and liquid waste from the processing of pig manure after anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant is used. Works have been carried out to obtain feedstock for bitumen modification by anaerobic digestion in a laboratory accumulative psychrophilic anaerobic plant until complete decomposition of the loaded pig manure substrate, removal of moisture from the processed waste by drying in an oven and under natural conditions, grinding the resulting solid fraction first using a mortar and pestle, then loading the resulting mass into a laboratory ball mill, adding the resulting raw material to the BND 130/200 road oil bitumen in different proportions and mix using a laboratory mixer ML-2S, then we carry out primary laboratory tests in order to determine the change in the mass of bitumen during aging from exposure to high temperatures. As a result of the tests, it was found that when adding a dry pig manure processing product, the aging performance for each sample improves. Next, work will be carried out to determine the penetration, softening temperature, extensibility, adhesion to marble and sand for bitumen and the resulting bitumen composition. Keywords: pig manure, bitumen, biogas technology, bitumen modifiers, bitumen aging, psychrophilic regime, bitumen composition. Authors:
Oleg S. Ediseev (Yakutsk, Russian Federation) – Post-Graduate Student of the Department "Operation of road transport and car service" of the Road Faculty of the North-Eastern Federal University. M.K. Ammosova (58, Belinsky str., Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation, e-mail: olegediseev@yandex.ru) Varvara P. Druzyanova (Yakutsk, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the department "Operation of road transport and car service" of the Road Faculty of the North-Eastern Federal University. M.K. Ammosova (58, Belinsky str., Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation, e-mail: druzvar@mail.ru) References: 1. Gasanov Alekper, Shykhaliev Kerem Issledovaniia protsessa polucheniia pokrytii razlichnogo naznacheniia na osnove neftianogo bituma [Studies of the process of obtaining coatings for various purposes based on petroleum bitumen]. Moscow: NITs MISI, 2018, 64 p. 2. Beliaev K.V., Serebrennikov V.S. Proizvodstvo, transportirovanie i primenenie viazhushchikh v stroitel'stve [Production, transportation and application of binders in construction]. Omsk: SibADI, 2015. 3. Varlamov T.P. Mexanizatsiia ydaleniia i icpol'zovaniia navoza [Mechanization of removal and use of manure], Moscow: Koloc, 1969, 199 p. 4. Dokychaev H.A., Ctoma L.A., Gogin B.M. Udalenie i icpol'zovanie navoza [Removal and use of manure]. Moscow: Rosselkhozizdat, 1976, 53 p. 5. Dolgov V.S. Gigiena ybopki i ytilizatsii navoza [Hygiene of cleaning and disposal of manure]. Moscow: Pokselkhozizdat, 1984, 175 p. 6. Boroshilov Yu.I., Durdybaev S.D., Epbanova L.N. [et. al.] Zhivotnovodcheckie komplekcy i oxpana okpyzhaiushchei cpedy [Animal breeding complexes and environmental protection], Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1991, 107 p. 7. Ediseev O.S., Druz'ianova V.P. Tekhnologiia polucheniia iskhodnogo syr'ia dlia modifikatsii dorozhnykh bitumov iz effliuenta anaerobnogo sbrazhivaniia [Technology for obtaining raw materials for the modification of road bitumen from the effluent of anaerobic digestion]. Strategiia i perspektivy razvitiia agrotekhnologii i lesnogo kompleksa Iakutii do 2050 goda: sbornik materialov Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Moscow, Znanie-M, 2022, 1250 p. 8. Fini E.H., Kalberer E.W., Shahbazi A., Basti M., You Z., Ozer H., Aurangzeb Q. Chemical Characterization of Biobinder from Swine Manure: Sustainable Modifier for Asphalt Binder. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2011, 23, pp. 1506–1513. 9. Okfemiia K. Gidrotermal'nyi protsess prevrashcheniia svinogo navoza v maslo. Ispol'zovanie sistemy reaktora nepreryvnogo deistviia [The hydrothermal process of turning pig manure into oil. Use of a continuous reactor system]. Ph. D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, AAT 3202149, 2005. 10. El'kham Kh. Fini, prigotovlenie i ispol'zovanie biokleev [Preparation and use of bioadhesives], US Patent No. US011155696B2, 2017. 11. Zhang R., You Z., Ji J., Shi Q., Suo Z.A. Review of Characteristics of Bio-Oils and Their Utilization as Additives of Asphalts, Molecules, 2021, 26, 5049. 12. Asipkina L.A. Biogazovye tekhnologii pererabotki sel'skokhoziaistvennykh otkhodov III i IV klassov opasnosti v bioudobreniia [Biogas technologies for processing agricultural waste of III and IV hazard classes into biofertilizers]. Master's thesis, Tomsk, FGAOU VO «Natsional'nyi issledovatel'skii Tomskii politekhnicheskii universitet», 2017, 158 p. 13. McKinerney M., Bryant M. Osnovnye printsipy anaerobnoi fermentatsii s obrazovaniem metana [Basic principles of anaerobic fermentation with the formation of methane]. Biomass as a source of energy. Moscow: Mir, 1985, pp. 244–249. 14. Kuris Yu. V., Maistrenko A. Yu., Tkachenko S.I. Opredelenie tekhnologicheskikh vozmozhnostei energeticheskogo ispol'zovaniia biomassy [Determining the technological possibilities of the energy use of biomass]. Energetika i elektrifikatsiia, 2008, no. 7, pp. 35–40. 15. Gorelysheva L.A. Teoreticheskie aspekty sistematizatsii dobavok, uluchshaiushchikh svoistva bitumnogo viazhushchego i asfal'tobetonnoi smesi [Theoretical aspects of the systematization of additives that improve the properties of bituminous binder and asphalt concrete mixture ]. Dorogi i mosty, 2019, no. 2, pp. 203–236. DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE PRODUCT FOR CALCULATING THE NUMBER OF EV CHARGING STATIONS V.D. Timohovets, A.R. Proshkin Received: 22.01.2023 Received in revised form: 13.02.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The active spread of electric cars around the world leads to the need to solve the problems of creating, developing and improving infrastructure facilities, in particular the introduction of special charging infrastructure in cities and beyond. One of the main tasks in solving such an issue is to directly determine the required number of charging stations that need to be installed within a certain territory in order to ensure both the possibility of comfortable, fast and safe movement of the population, and the optimal cost of operating organizations for the development of such networks. Currently, there is no standardized methodology for performing such calculations in the Russian Federation, which in turn is one of the factors that have a negative impact on the direct development of such innovations. Within the framework of this work, the methodology for calculating the number of charging stations was tested, which was developed and presented earlier, both when performing manual calculations, and under the condition of using a specialized software product also prepared by the authors. The paper presents the main stages of performing this calculation, as well as the issues of choosing a programming language that was later used to write the program code and the main stages of the software product operation process. The results of manual and automated calculations are presented, as well as the optimal variants of the proposed project obtained by the authors, based on approximate estimated economic benefits and costs of operating organizations, on the example of the largest settlements that are part of the Ural Federal District. Keywords: charging stations, electric cars, software product, Ural Federal District. Keywords: charging stations, electric cars, software product, Ural Federal District. Authors:
Vera D. Timokhovets (Tyumen, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Highways and Airfields, Industrial University of Tyumen (38 Volodarsky Street, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation, e-mail: timohovetsvd@tyuiu.ru). Andrey R. Proshkin (Tyumen, Russian Federation) – Student, Department of Highways and Airfields, Industrial University of Tyumen (38 Volodarsky str., Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation, e-mail: andrey.proshkin.99@gmail.com). References: 1. Demidov D.I., Pugachev V.V. Prognoz global'nogo razvitija jelektrotransporta i infrastruktury jelektricheskih zapravochnyh stancij [Forecast of global development of electric transport and infrastructure of EV’s charging stations]. Izvestija Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2019, no. 5 (79), pp. 173-178. 2. Mo T, Li Y, Lau K-t, Poon CK, Wu Y, Luo Y. Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles. Energies, 2022, Vol. 15, No 17: 6271, doi: 10.3390/en15176271, available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6271. 3. Omonov F.A., Sotvoldiyev O‘.U., Dehqonov Q.M. Electric Cars as the Cars of the Future. Eurasian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2022, Vol. 4, pp. 128–133, available at: https://www.geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejet/article/view/916. 4. Jusupova O.A. Tekushhee sostojanie i trendy rynka jelektromobilej v Rossii i mire [Current state and trends of the electric vehicle market in Russia and the world]. JeTAP: jekonomicheskaja teorija, analiz, praktika, 2021, no. 6, pp. 131-143, doi: 10.24412/2071-6435-2021-6-131-143. 5. McKinsey Electric Vehicle Index: Europe cushions a global plunge in EV sales available at: https://www.libralato.co.uk/docs/McKinsey%20EV%20Index%202020.pdf. 6. Presnjakova E.V., Gurskij V.L., Muha D.V. Mirovoj rynok jelektrotransporta i perspektivy ego razvitija [The global electric transport market and its development prospects]. Minsk: Pravo i jekonomika, 2020, 104 p. 7. Kozar N.K., Kozar A.N. Budushhee avtomobil'noj industrii [The future of the automotive industry]. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk: Sbornik statej VI Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii professorsko-prepodavatel'skogo sostava. Cheboksary, 2022, pp. 278-281. 8. Il'icheva I.A., Plotkina U.I. Sravnitel'nyj analiz rynka jelektrozapravochnyh stancij v Rossii i v mire [Comparative analysis of the market of EV's charging stations in Russia and in the world]. Fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovanija v oblasti upravlenija, jekonomiki i torgovli: Sbornik trudov vserossijskoj nauchnoj i uchebno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Sankt-Peterburg: POLITEH-PRESS, 2020, pp. 333-339. 9. Slobodjanjuk A.A. Razvitie jelektrotransporta i infrastruktury jelektricheskih zapravochnyh stancij [Development of electric transport and infrastructure of EV's charging stations]. Nauchno-tehnicheskie dostizhenija studentov, aspirantov, molodyh uchenyh stroitel'no-arhitekturnoj otrasli: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov VII Respublikanskoj konferencii molodyh uchenyh, aspirantov, studentov. Makeevka: Donbasskaja nacional'naja akademija stroitel'stva i arhitektury, 2021, pp. 209-214. 10. Babu K., Pratyush Chakraborty, Mayukha Pal. Planning of Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in a Distribution System and Prediction of Dynamic Price. Electrical Engineering and Systems Science, 2023, 10 p. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2301.06807, available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.06807. 11. Ma J, Zhang L. A Deploying Method for Predicting the Size and Optimizing the Location of an Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. Information, 2018, Vol. 9, no. 7, 19 p., doi: 10.3390/info9070170, available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/9/7/170#. 12. Kamol'ceva A.V., Pisarev G.A. Metodika opredelenija kolichestva jelektromobilej na tochku zarjadki [Methodology for determining the number of electric vehicles per charging point]. Vestnik nauchnyh konferencij, 2019, no. 6-2 (46), pp. 56-58. 13. Proshkin A.R. Faktory, vlijajushhie na opredelenie mestopolozhenija jelektrozapravochnyh stancij [Factors influencing the determination of the location of EV's charging stations]. Tradicii, sovremennye problemy i perspektivy razvitija stroitel'stva: Sbornik nauchnyh statej. Grodno: Grodnenskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Janki Kupaly, 2022, pp. 183-185. 14. Kolichestvo sobstvennyh legkovyh avtomobilej na 1000 chelovek naselenija po sub#ektam Rossijskoj Federacii [The number of own passenger cars per 1000 people of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation]. Federal'naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. 2022, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/obesp_legk_avto.xls (accessed 29 January 2023). 15. Paranok D.E. Analiz bazovyh jazykov programmirovanija [Analysis of basic programming languages]. Sovremennye informacionnye tehnologii v obrazovanii i nauchnyh issledovanijah (SITONI-2019): Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-tehnicheskoj konferencii. Doneck: Doneckij nacional'nyj tehnicheskij universitet, 2019, pp. 104-110. THE DURATION OF CONTROL OPERATIONS WHEN PASSING A CHECKPOINT ACROSS THE STATE BORDER AS A FACTOR AFFECTING THE CAPACITY OF ACCUMULATIVE PARKING LOTS FOR VEHICLES V.S. Shikovsky Received: 09.03.2023 Received in revised form: 22.03.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
In order to solve problems related to the organization of the passage of vehicles across the state border of the Russian Federation, the article considers the representation of automobile checkpoints in the form of queuing systems, for which the flow of cars passing state control is the flow of servicing applications entering the system. The initial statistical information on the functioning of automobile checkpoints and the results of calculating the average time for passing checkpoints by various types of vehicles (cars, trucks and passengers) are given. The results of statistical processing of the obtained data are presented, on the basis of which empirical polygons and theoretical curves for the distribution of random values of the time it takes for vehicles to pass through checkpoints, including the time spent on control operations, are constructed. On the basis of a comparison of the obtained graphs, a hypothesis was formulated about the form of the distribution law of the random variables under study, for the verification of which the Pearson criterion was adopted as a generalizing measure. As a result of the analysis, the hypothesis that random values of the time of passage of checkpoints by various types of vehicles obey the exponential distribution law has not been refuted. The legitimacy of applying the assumption of the simplest flow for flows of vehicles passing state control at the checkpoint is proved. It is concluded that for the description in further studies of the simplest flow of vehicles passing control at the checkpoint, a sufficient condition will be its given intensity. The established provision will allow, when modeling the functioning of checkpoints, to apply the theory of queuing systems and solve the applied problem of determining the required capacity of storage areas for vehicles waiting to pass through the state border. Keywords: road, automobile checkpoints, traffic intensity, capacity, data processing, queuing system, simplest flow. Authors:
Vitaly S. Shikovsky (Moscow, Russian Federation) – General Director of LLC «Geolight» (22, Andropov ave., Moscow, 115533, Russian Federation, e-mail: shikovsky@geolait.ru) References: 1. Avedisyan M.A. Razvitie mezhdunarodnyh transportnyh koridorov kak uslovie razvitiya transportnogo potenciala EAES [Development of international transport corridors as a condition for the development of the transport potential of the EAEU]. Sbornik nauchnyh statej 4-j Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii perspektivnyh razrabotok molodyh uchenyh “Molodezh' i nauka: shag k uspekhu”. Kursk: YUgo-Zapadnyj gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2020, pp. 12-15. 2. Konfino K.V. Topical issues of development of international transport corridors and realization of transport potential of Russia. Labour and Social Relations Journal, 2019, Vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 101-108. doi: 10.20410/2073-7815-2019-30-5-101-108. 3. Tansakul N., Suanmali S., Ammarapala V. Perception of logistics service provider regarding trade facilitation for cross border transportation: a case study of east-west economic corridor. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 2018, Vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 131-150. doi: 10.1504/IJLSM.2018.089168. 4. Komov M.S. Mezhdunarodnye transportnye koridory kak osnova realizacii transportno-tranzitnogo potenciala Evrazijskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza [International transport corridors as a basis for realizing the transport and transit potential of the Eurasian Economic Union]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya, 2019, no. 12-1, pp. 82-87. 5. Ivanenko M.A. Realizaciya tranzitnogo potenciala Rossijskoj Federacii na osnove razvitiya mezhdunarodnyh transportnyh koridorov [Implementation of the transit potential of the Russian Federation based on the development of international transport corridors]. Vestnik universiteta, 2017, no. 4, pp. 120-124. 6. Makarov E.I. Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya transportnoj infrastruktury tranzitnogo regiona [Status and prospects for the development of the transport infrastructure of the transit region]. Transportnye sooruzheniya, 2016, Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 3. doi: 10.15862/03TS416. 7. Hrushchev I.E. Meropriyatiya po stroitel'stvu i modernizacii punktov propuska na Dal'nem Vostoke [Measures for the construction and modernization of checkpoints in the Far East]. Tamozhennaya politika Rossii na Dal'nem Vostoke, 2020, no. 4 (93), pp. 43-46. 8. Berzan A.A. Modernizaciya punktov propuska kak chast' sistemy skvoznogo tamozhennogo kontrolya [Modernization of checkpoints as part of the system of end-to-end customs control]. Sbornik dokladov Vserossijskoj prakticheskoj konferencii “Intellektual'nyj punkt propuska v Rossii i mire: kompetentnostnyj podhod k sozdaniyu”. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj elektrotekhnicheskij universitet "LETI" im. V.I. Ul'yanova (Lenina), 2022, pp. 12-14. 9. Osodoev P.V. Vliyanie prigranichnoj infrastruktury na razvitie sotrudnichestva Rossii i Mongolii [The influence of border infrastructure on the development of cooperation between Russia and Mongolia]. Sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii i Simpoziuma, posvyashchennogo 100-letiyu zapovednogo dela i Godu ekologii v Rossii “SHelkovyj put'. Transsib. Marshruty sopryazheniya: ekonomika, ekologiya”. CHita: Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe uchrezhdenie nauki Institut prirodnyh resursov, ekologii i kriologii Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 2018, pp. 109-110. 10. Eglit YA.YA., Civeleva M.A. Modelirovanie processov soversheniya tamozhennyh operacij i provedeniya tamozhennogo kontrolya na transporte kak sistemy massovogo obsluzhivaniya [Modeling the processes of customs operations and customs control in transport as a queuing system]. Vestnik gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota im. admirala S.O. Makarova, 2017, Vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 288-295. doi: 10.21821/2309-5180-2017-9-2-288-295. 11. Afonin P.N., Topkova I.A. Osobennosti imitacionnogo modelirovaniya propusknoj sposobnosti avtomobil'nogo punkta propuska [Features of simulation modeling of the throughput of a road checkpoint]. Upravlenie ekonomicheskimi sistemami, 2012, no. 12 (48), p. 55, available at: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18877469. 12. Ventcel' E.S. Teoriya veroyatnostej [Probability theory]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1999, 576 р. 13. SHikovskij V.S., Nosenko A.S. Obosnovanie trebovanij k uchastkam avtomobil'nyh dorog, primykayushchih k punktam propuska cherez gosudarstvennuyu granicu Rossijskoj Federacii, s uchetom osnovnyh harakteristik punktov propuska [Justification of the requirements for sections of roads adjacent to checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation, taking into account the main characteristics of checkpoints]. Materialy shestoj Vserossijskoj (nacional'noj) nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Sovremennye prikladnye issledovaniya”. Novocherkassk: YUzhno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politekhnicheskij universitet (NPI) imeni M.I. Platova, 2022, pp. 217-226. 14. SHikovskij V.S. O trebovaniyah k uchastkam dorog, primykayushchih k punktam propuska cherez granicu [On requirements for road sections adjacent to border crossing points]. Dorogi. Innovacii v stroitel'stve, 2021, no. 98, pp. 18-23. 15. Gmurman V.E. Rukovodstvo k resheniyu zadach po teorii veroyatnostej i matematicheskoj statisti [Guide to Problem Solving in Probability and Mathematical Statistics]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1979, 400 p. THE ROLE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN ORGANIZING TRAFFIC FLOWS S.E. Prokopovich, I.I. Drakunov, V.V. Sivakov, I.Yu. Adamovich Received: 01.03.2023 Received in revised form: 15.03.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The purpose of the work is to analyze existing methods for improving the quality of traffic flows using landscape architecture and design and to determine the prospects for their further development. The object of the study is landscape architecture used in the organization of traffic flows in a large city. The quality of human life in a big city depends on a number of factors, which include both transport services for the population and a comfortable urban environment, the use of landscaping, both in courtyards and on highways. The article analyzes ways to improve the quality and improve the appearance of traffic flows using the methods of landscape architecture and design. The issue of abandoning personal vehicles in favor of public transport, carsharing, bicycles has been studied in order to increase environmental friendliness and improve urban space. The influence of green spaces along the roads on traffic safety is described. The dynamics of changes in the number of road accidents in the Russian Federation for 2012–2021, which are decreasing due to the adoption of federal programs to reduce accidents, is considered. It is noted that 75 % of traffic accidents occur within settlements, the main reason is the human factor, reduced driver attention, poor visibility of road signs. The data on the change in the concept of the use of landscaping of urban roads are given. It is noted that there is a refusal to plant large trees in favor of the widespread use of lawns and low shrubs. Examples of creating comfortable spaces on the way of traffic flows of both Russian and foreign cities are given, including the experience of several highways in the city of Bryansk. Keywords: landscape architecture, landscaping, modern urban environment, pedestrian flows, traffic safety, passenger cars. Authors:
Serafima E. Prokopovich (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – student of thе «Landscape architecture and landscape construction» Department, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov ave., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: valerarrrjjj@gmail.com) Ivan I. Drakunov (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – student of thе «Transport and Technological Machines and Services» Department, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov ave., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: drakunov_32rus@mail.ru) Vladimir V. Sivakov (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of «Transport and Technological Machines and Services» Department, Deputy Director for Academic Work in Institute of Forest Complex, Transport and Ecology, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov ave., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: sv@bgitu.ru) Igor Y. Adamovich (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of «Landscape architecture and landscape construction» Department, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov ave., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: igor_adamovich@mail.ru) References: 1. Sivakov V.V., Borovaya K.S., Drakunov I.I. Perspektivy razvitija avtoparka obshhestvennogo transporta v g. Brjanske [Prospects for the development of the fleet of public transport in the city of Bryansk]. Transport. Transportnye sooruzheniya. Ekologiya, 2022, no. 4, pp. 44-50. DOI 10.15593/24111678/2022.04.05. 2. Sivakov V.V., Tikhomirov P.V., Kamynin V.V. Sovershenstvovanie gorodskih passazhirskih perevozok (na primere g. Bryanska) [Improvement of passenger transportation (by the example of the city of Bryansk) ]. Transport. Transportnye sooruzheniya. Ekologiya, 2020, no. 4, pp. 61-69. doi: 10.15593/24111678/2020.04.07 3. Sivakov V.V., Borovaya K.S. Vnedrenie informacionnyh tekhnologij pri organizacii passazhirskih marshrutnyh perevozok v g. Bryanske [The introduction of information technologies in the organization of passenger route transportation in Bryansk]. Transportnoe delo Rossii, 2019, no. 4, pp. 98-99. 4. Drakunov I.I., Sivakov V.V., Derevyagin R. YU. Razvitie karsheringa v Rossii [Development of car sharing in Russia]. Novye materialy i tehnologii v mashinostroenii, 2021, no. 33, pp. 65-69. 5. Rakhmatullina A.R., Korobeynikova E.V. Trends in urban public transport. International Journal of Advanced Studies, 2020, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 123-131. DOI 10.12731/2227-930X-2020-3-123-131. 6. Malyshev M.I. Innovacii v oblasti gorodskogo obshhestvennogo transporta i perspektivy vnedrenija principov novoj mobil'nosti [Innovations in the field of urban public transport and prospects of implementing new mobility principles]. Nauchnyj vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta grazhdanskoj aviacii, 2022, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 36–50. DOI: 10.26467/2079-0619-2022-25-3-36-50. 7. Zege A.N., Trofimenko Yu.V. Ocenka opredelenija sokrashhenija vybrosov pri peresadke pol'zovatelej avtomobilej i obshhestvennogo transporta na velosiped dlja krupnogo goroda [Assessment of the definition of emissions reduction when transferring car and public transport users to a bicycle for a large city]. European Journal of Natural History, 2022, no. 1, pp. 90-94. 8. Mikhaylenko A.V. Landshaftnaja arhitektura v organizacii transportnyh potokov goroda [Landscape architecture in the organization of traffic streams in the city]. Vestnik Burjatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofija, 2012, no. 14, pp. 175-178. 9. Shulenbayeva A.R., Dzhumabayeva A.T., Seitov N.B., Dobrovolskaya V.V., Altaeva G.O. Landshaftnaja arhitektura v organizacii transportnyh potokov goroda [Landscape architecture in the organization of traffic streams in the city]. Herland Science of South Kazakhstan, 2019, no. 2 (6), pp. 25-29. 10. Kakie goroda otkazyvajutsja ot mashin i zachem jeto nuzhno [Which cities refuse cars and why is it necessary]. Available at: https://vc.ru/future/46544-kakie-goroda-otkazyvayutsya-ot-mashin-i-zachem-eto-nuzhno (accessed 6 February 2023). 11. Juvelikian H.A. The role of road transport in the pollution of the city's air basin and its impact on the health of citizens [The contribution of motor transport to the pollution of air and soil and vegetation in Voronezh]. Vestnik 12. Dzhakhyaeva S.B., Klimova E.V. Prichiny zagrjaznenija jekosistemy goroda Astrahani vybrosami avtomobil'nogo transporta i puti ego snizhenija [Pollution problem of the astrakhan region ecosystem by emissions from road transport and ways to reduce it]. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putej soobshhenija, 2022, no. 1 (60), pp. 13-20. DOI 10.52170/1815-9265_2022_60_13. 13. Plaksina E.A. Ozelenenie gorodov kak metod zashhity ot zagrjaznenij avtomobil'nogo transporta (na primere goroda Volzhskogo) [Greening of cities as a method of protection from pollution of motor transport (on the example of the city of Volzhsky) ]. Materialy nauchnoj sessii: sbornik materialov, Volgogradskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2016, vol. 6, pp. 42-44. 14. Dorozhno-transportnaya avarijnost' v Rossijskoj Federacii za 2021 god. Informacionno-analiticheskij obzor [Road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation for 2021. Information and analytical review]. Moscow, 2022. 126 p. 15. Batrakova A.G. Ocenka vlijanija zelenyh nasazhdenij na bezopasnost' dorozhnogo dvizhenija [Assessment of the impact of green spaces on road safety]. Vestnik HNADU, 2009, no. 47. 16. Romanycheva A.A. Ozelenenie avtomobil'nyh dorog [Greening of highways].: Mezhvuzovskij sbornik nauchnyh statej (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) “Aktual'nye problemy avtotransportnogo kompleksa”. Samara, Samara State Technical University, 2019, pp. 199-208. 17. Olympic sculpture park. Available at: https://www.seattleartmuseum.org/visit/olympic-sculpture-park (accessed 6 February 2023). 18. Floating bridge. Available at: https://www.zaryadyepark.ru/services/paryashchiy-most/ (accessed 6 February 2023). FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES I.V. Glushkov, I.L. Bartolomei, Sh.Sh. Sharipov Received: 01.03.2023 Received in revised form: 16.03.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
In recent years, in our country, the construction of a large number of transport infrastructure facilities designed according to individual projects takes place in the context of the introduction of new, modern, progressive, experimental, lacking systematic experience in the use of constructive construction solutions, technologies and means of mechanizing construction processes, combined with the need to obtain required properties of structures and ensuring the economic feasibility of construction. When solving non-standard tasks and problem situations related to the design and construction of these new construction facilities or the reconstruction of existing ones, the most effective and reasonable approach is the use of scientific and technical support for construction. Scientific and technical support is not a fundamentally new direction in the development of construction science and construction business. Scientific research in relation to the search, development and improvement of the properties and features of the states of building materials, structures, methods of erection and control of construction results have been going on for several decades and are characterized by a recognized and well-established methodology, which is based on the concept of synthesis of theoretical and practical (natural, experimental) research methods. The paper considers the methodology of scientific and technical support in relation to the transport infrastructure object. The subject of activity of scientific and technical support is analyzed, which includes the analysis of the current state of construction objects, characterized by the presence of deviations (defects, deformations, changes in properties and states) from the initially established indicators of functional quality. An algorithm for revealing the parameters of properties and states has been developed using computational and experimental studies. The determining factors for making effective and rational decisions in relation to ensuring or increasing the indicators of the functional quality of a construction object have been identified. Recommendations are given for solving problem situations related to the elimination of manifestations of adverse factors. Keywords: scientific and technical support, overpass structures, geotechnical calculations, field tests, reinforcement, technical regulations. Authors:
Il'ia V. Glushkov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Road and Bridges Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Igor’ L. Bartolomei (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Road and Bridges Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Shokir Sh. Sharipov (Perm, Russian Federation) – undergraduate student, Road and Bridges Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: sh_2704@mail.ru). References: 1. Khmelevskoi Iu.Iu., Ivakhnenko A.G. Vnedrenie trekhurovnevoi sistemy nauchno-tekhnicheskogo soprovozhdeniia v protsesse stroitel'stva avtodorog [Introduction of a three-level system of scientific and technical support in the process of building roads]. Kachestvo produktsii: kontrol', upravlenie, povyshenie, planirovanie: sbornik nauchnykh trudov Mezhdunarodnoi molodezhnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Kursk: IuZGU, 2015, Vol. 2, pp. 340–343. 2. Karlina I.N., Novozhenin V.P. Osobennosti provedeniia kompleksnykh naturnykh obsledovanii ob"ektov, podlezhashchikh rekonstruktsii [Features of conducting complex field surveys of objects subject to reconstruction]. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona, 2012, no. 4–2 (23), pp. 11–19. 3. Lapidus A.A. Nauchno-tekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie izyskanii, proektirovaniia i stroitel'stva kak obiazatel'nyi element dostizheniia trebuemykh pokazatelei proekta [Scientific and technical support of surveys, design and construction as an obligatory element of achieving the required indicators of the project].Vestnik MGSU, 2019, Vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1428–1437. 4. MDRS 02–08. Posobie po nauchno-tekhnicheskomu soprovozhdeniiu i monitoringu stroiashchikhsia zdanii i sooruzhenii, v tom chisle bol'sheproletnykh, vysotnykh i unikal'nykh [Manual for scientific and technical support and monitoring of buildings and structures under construction, including large-span, high-rise and unique ones]. Moscow: Rosstroi, 2008, 39 p. 5. Tarasov A.M., Bobrov F.Ju., Prjahin D.V. Primenenie fizicheskogo modelirovanija pri stroitel'stve mostov i drugih sooruzhenij [The use of physical modeling in the construction of bridges and other structures]. Nauchno-tehnicheskij zhurnal «Vestnik mostostroenija», 2007, no. 1, pp. 21–26. 6. Kaimov E.V. Sovershenstvovanie nauchno-tehnicheskogo soprovozhdenija, monitoringa i kontrolja proizvodstva rabot po ustrojstvu linejnogo transportnogo sooruzhenija [Improvement of scientific and technical support, monitoring and control of the production of works on the installation of a linear transport facility]. Sovremennye tehnologii. Sistemnyj analiz. Modelirovanie, 2021. no. 2 (70), pp. 120–128. 7. Puljaev I.S., Puljaev S.M. Opyt nauchnogo soprovozhdenija stroitel'stva ob#ektov transportnoj infrastruktury v ramkah realizacii koncepcii "kachestvo" [Experience of scientific support for the construction of transport infrastructure facilities in the framework of the concept of "quality"]. Vestnik SibADI, 2019. no. 5 (69), pp. 618–634. 8. Kuzahmetova Je.K., Grigorenko N.I. Podnjatie nauchnogo urovnja tehnicheskogo soprovozhdenija proektirovanija, stroitel'stva i rekonstrukcii inzhenernyh sooruzhenij [Raising the scientific level of technical support for the design, construction and reconstruction of engineering structures]. Evrazijskij sojuz uchenyh, 2016, no. 2–4 (23), pp. 64–65. 9. Kosmin V.V., Mozalev S.V. Problemy issledovanij, proektirovanija i stroitel'stva mostov bol'shih proletov [Problems of research, design and construction of bridges of large spans]. Nauchno-tehnicheskij zhurnal «Vestnik mostostroenija», 2015, no. 1, pp. 2–17. 10. Barannik S.V. Primenimost' BIM-tehnologij v dorozhnoj otrasli [Applicability of BIM-technologies in the road industry]. SAPR i GIS avtomobil'nyh dorog, 2015, no. № 1 (4), pp. 24–28. 11. Tekhnicheskii otchet po instrumental'nomu obsledovaniiu konstruktsii opory 7 (levaia storona), vkliuchaia deformatsionnyi shov i opornye chasti na ob"ekte: «Stroitel'stvo, rekul'tivatsiia i ekspluatatsiia avtomobil'nykh dorog. Avtomobil'naia doroga «Perm'-Berezniki» - 022+390 – 025+768, 1, 2 etapy Opora № 7 PK88+48,730 – PK89+06,903» [Technical report on the instrumental examination of the structures of support 7 (left side), including the expansion joint and bearing parts at the facility: “Construction, reclamation and operation of highways. Highway "Perm-Berezniki" - 022 + 390 – 025 + 768, 1, 2 stages Support No. 7 PK88 + 48.730 - PK89 + 06.903]. PNRPU, 2021/ 12. Tekhnicheskii otchet po osvidetel'stvovaniiu vypolnennykh rabot na ob"ekte: «Stroitel'stvo, rekonstruktsiia i ekspluatatsiia avtomobil'nykh dorog Perm'-Berezniki 020+639–022+390, Perm'-Berezniki 022+390–025+768 i Vostochnyi obkhod g. Permi 000+000 – 009+753 1 p.k.» Avtomobil'naia doroga Perm' - Berezniki 022+390 – 025+768, 1, 2 etapy. Puteprovod v sostave transportnoi razviazki nad zheleznoi dorogoi PK90 (km 25+266) [Technical report on the examination of the work performed at the facility: "Construction, reconstruction and operation of highways Perm-Berezniki 020+639–022+390, Perm-Berezniki 022+390–025+768 and Eastern Bypass of Perm 000+000- 009+753 1 p.k. Highway Perm - Berezniki 022+390 – 025+768, stages 1, 2. An overpass as part of a road junction over the PK90 railway (km 25+266) ]. PNRPU, 2020. 13. Plaxis. Elektronnyi resurs, available at: https://www.plaxis.ru (accessed: 24 February 2023). 14. Stroitel'stvo, rekonstruktsiia i ekspluatatsiia avtomobil'nykh dorog «Perm' – Berezniki» 020+639 - 022+390, «Perm' – Berezniki» 022+390 – 025+768 i «Vostochnyi obkhod g. Permi» 000+000 – 009+753 1 p.k.» Avtomobil'naia doroga Perm' - Berezniki 022+390 – 025+768, 1, 2 etapy. Rabochaia dokumentatsiia. Iskusstvennye sooruzheniia. Puteprovod v sostave transportnoi razviazki nad zheleznoi dorogoi PK90 (km 25+266). Fundamenty krainikh opor [Construction, reconstruction and operation of highways "Perm - Berezniki" 020+639 – 022+390, "Perm – Berezniki" 022+390 – 025+768 and "Eastern Bypass of Perm" 000+000 – 009+753 1 PC." Highway Perm - Berezniki 022+390 -025+768, stages 1, 2. Working documentation. Artificial constructions. An overpass as part of a road junction over the PK90 railway (km 25+266). Foundations of the extreme supports]. AO «Institut «STROIPROEKT». 2019. 15. Tekhnicheskii otchet po ispytaniiam gruntov svaei na ob"ekte: «Stroitel'stvo, rekul'tivatsiia i ekspluatatsiia avtomobil'nykh dorog. Avtomobil'naia doroga «Perm'-Berezniki» - 022+390 – 025+768, 1, 2 etapy. Opora № 7 PK88+48,730 – PK89+06,903» [Technical report on soil testing with piles at the facility: “Construction, reclamation and operation of highways. Highway "Perm-Berezniki" - 022 + 390 - 025 + 768, 1, 2 stages. Support No. 7 PK88 + 48.730 - PK89 + 06.903]. PNRPU. 2021. TO THE QUESTION OF THE STUDY OF AVALANCHES FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION A.A. Solodiankina, M.O. Karpushko Received: 16.04.2023 Received in revised form: 18.04.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The concept of an avalanche is considered as one of the dangerous natural phenomena that affects the occurrence of emergency situations. The main causes of occurrence are given. General information on natural emergencies by the nature and type of sources of occurrence on the territory of the Russian Federation and statistics on the number of people affected by them are presented. Data are given for the districts and federal districts in which the largest number of incidents associated with avalanches occurs. A map of the distribution of avalanches on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented. Various classifications of avalanches, including genetic, as well as the typology of avalanches according to the set of rules, are considered and analyzed. The main domestic directions for the study of avalanches are identified. Schematically shows the influence of various factors and processes in the classification of avalanches. A review is given on the study of avalanches abroad, with a detailed analysis of the international classification. The purpose and importance of creating avalanche classifications are investigated. It is noted that the classifications are not final, as data are accumulated, they are replenished and expanded. Data on measures aimed at preventing and protecting against their gathering are given. Preventive, avalanche prevention and avalanche protection structures, their purpose and conditions of use are considered. Based on the existing typologies given in the reference literature and the current regulatory framework, a classification of avalanches for use in road construction has been developed. The influence of the availability of avalanche classification on the choice of avalanche prevention, avalanche protection structures and their parameters is described. The main directions for the study of avalanches for construction in avalanche-prone areas are outlined. Keywords: highway, mountainous terrain, dangerous natural phenomenon, avalanche, avalanche danger, classification of avalanches, avalanche-averting structures, avalanche protection structures. Authors:
Alena A. Solodiankina (Perm, Russian Federation) – Master Student, Department of Roads and Bridges Subfaculty, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: aasolodyankina@yandex.ru). Marina O. Karpushko (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Roads and Bridges Sub-faculty, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: mkarpushko@gmail.com). References: 1. Gosudarstvennyi doklad «O sostoianii zashchity naseleniia i territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot chrezvychainykh situatsii prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo kharaktera v 2021 godu» [State report «On the state of protection of the population and territories of the Russian Federation from emergency situations of a natural and technogenic nature in 2021»]. Moscow, 2022, 250 p. 2. Gosudarstvennyi doklad «O sostoianii zashchity naseleniia i territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot chrezvychainykh situatsii prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo kharaktera v 2020 godu» [State report «On the state of protection of the population and territories of the Russian Federation from emergency situations of a natural and technogenic nature in 2020»]. Moscow, 2021, 264 p. 3. Okhrana okruzhaiushchei sredy v Rossii. 2022 [Environmental protection in Russia. 2022]. Moscow, 2022, 115 p. 4. Akimov V.A., Nigmetov G.M., Maklakov A.S., Egorova A.A., Avgucevichs A.H. Formirovanie statisticheskoj bazy po opasnym prirodnym javlenijam territorij Krasnodarskogo, Stavropol'skogo kraev i Kabardino-Balkarskoj respubliki [The formation of a statistical base on the dangerous natural phenomena of the territories of the Krasnodar, Stavropol region and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic]. Tehnologii grazhdanskoj bezopasnosti, 2020, no. 1, pp. 63. 5. Vorob'ev A.E., Metaksa G.P., Vorob'ev K.A. Istoricheskie svedenija o snezhnyh lavinah [Historical information about snow avalanches]. Sbornik Sovremennye nauchno-tehnicheskie i social'no-gumanitarnye issledovanija: aktual'nye voprosy, dostizhenija i innovacii. Sbornik dokladov II Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Vladikavkaz, 2021, pp. 53-56. 6. Opasnosti v gorakh [Dangers in the mountains]. Moscow, 2013. 7. Bedilo M.V., Zavorotnyj A.G., Nerovnyh A.N. Opasnye prirodnye processy [Dangerous natural processes], Moscow, 2020, 308 p. 8. Birman B.A., Berezhnaia T.V., Golubev A.D. Analiticheskii obzor. Osnovnye pogodno-klimaticheskie osobennosti Severnogo polushariia Zemli. 2019 god [Analytical review. The main weather and climatic features of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth. 2019 year.]. Moscow, 2019. 9. Obnarodovan spisok lavinoopasnykh raionov na territoriiakh Severnogo Kavkaza i Iuga Rossii [A list of avalanche-prone areas in the territories of the North Caucasus and the South of Russia has been published]. Available at: https://15.mchs.gov.ru/deyatelnost/press-centr/novosti/1800138 (accessed 17 April 2023). 10. Losev K.S. Laviny SSSR: (Rasprostranenie, rajonirovanie, vozmozhnosti prognoza) [Avalanches of the USSR [Text]: (Distribution, zoning, forecasting possibilities) ]. Leningrad, 1966, 131 p. 11. Tushinskii G.K. Laviny: Vozniknovenie i zashchita ot nikh [Avalanches: Occurrence and protection against them]. Moscow, 215 p. 12. Akkuratov V.N. Geneticheskaja klassifikacija lavin [Genetic classification of avalanches]. Trudy Jel'brusskoj vysokogornoj kompleksnoj jekspedicii, 1959, no. 1, pp. 206–226. 13. Dzjuba V.V. Geograficheskie principy razrabotki metodik prognoza lavinoopasnyh periodov dlja maloissledovannyh rajonov [Geographical principles for the development of avoidance of avalanche hazardous periods for poorly exposed areas]. Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. Moscow, 1983, 23 p. 14. Fajn Ja.S. Proektirovanie i raschet protivolavinnnh galerej na avtomobil'nyh dorogah [Design and calculation of anti avalanche galleries on roads]. Rostov-na-Donu,, 1979, 114 p. 15. Atwater, Montgomery M. (1968). The Avalanche Hunters. Macrae Smith Company. ISBN 0-8255-1345-6. 16. Favillier A., Guillet S., Lopez-Saez J., Giacona F., Eckert N., Zenhäusern G., Peiry J.L., Stoffel M., Corona C. Identifying and interpreting regional signals in tree-ring based reconstructions of snow avalanche activity in the Goms valley (Swiss Alps). Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 307, 2023, doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108063. 17. Albert Lunde, Ove Njå. Rescue performance in Norwegian road related avalanche incidents. Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 165, 2019, doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.04.011. 18. Perez-Guillén C., Techel F., Hendrick M., Volpi M., Herwijnen A., Olevski T., Obozinski G., Pérez-Cruz F., Schweizer J. Data-driven automated predictions of the avalanche danger level for dry-snow conditions in Switzerland. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Volume 22 (6), 2022, doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-341. 19. Hao J., R. Mind'je, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Zhou, L. Li. Implementation of an early warning for snowfall-triggered avalanche to road safety in the Tianshan Mountains. Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 204, 2022, doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103675. 20. Korovina D.I., Turchaninova A.S., Sokratov S.A. Otsenka effektivnosti protivolavinnykh meropriiatii na gornolyzhnom kurorte «Krasnaia Poliana» [Assessment of the effectiveness of anti -vine measures at the Krasnaya Polyana ski resort]. Ljod i Sneg, 2021, no. 61 (3), pp. 359-376. THE CODE OF NORMS SP 266.1325800.2016 «COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES. DESIGN RULES» APPLICABILITY FOR THE LOW-SPAN BRIDGES MADE OF CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBES DESIGN L.Z. Yakupova, K.Yu. Astankov, I.G. Ovchinnikov Received: 28.02.2023 Received in revised form: 13.03.2023 Published: 21.06.2023 ![]() Abstract:
The article provides information about concrete-filled steel tubes, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The world experience of using CFST in the construction of buildings and structures is briefly considered. The problem of the use of CFST structures in the construction of low-span bridges in case of absence of any standards and specifications for the calculation and design of CFST structures is considered. The results of the experiment and numerical analysis of the bending CFST element work are analyzed. The influence of concrete grade, wall thickness, outer diameter of steel pipe and yield strength of steel on the bending strength of the CFST element is considered. Considered the contribution of the each part of CFST element – concrete and steel tube in the whole element bending capacity. The results of the experiment are also compared with the calculation results for SP 266.1325800.2016 "Composite steel and concrete structures. Design rules". It was taken into account that the set of rules is advisory in nature and does not apply as Codes of norms to the bridge structures design and calculation. It is established that the calculation according to domestic standards gives a large grade of safety factor. It is shown, that CFST structures application – a new direction in construction for domestic specialists. Despite the large number of CFST structures studies, there is currently no unified approach to their calculation and design. This obstacles development CFST using in bridge construction in Russia. It is concluded that the application of the SP 266.1325800.2016 code of rules «Composite steel and concrete structures. Design rules» may be justified when performing experimental design work for the design of low-span bridges construction using CFST elements. Keywords: concrete-filled steel tubes, bending CFST element, concrete core, codes of norms for CFST design, low-span bridges construction. Authors:
Lyuciya Z. Yakupova (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – student, Ural State University of Railway Transport (66, Kolmogorov str., Yekaterinburg, 620034, Russian Federation, e-mail: lyuciya.yakupova.01@mail.ru). Konstantin Yu. Astankov (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Associate Professor, Department of Bridges and Transport Tunnels, Ural State University of Railway Transport (66, Kolmogorov str., Yekaterinburg, 620034, Russian Federation, e-mail: ast-most@yandex.ru). Igor G. Ovchinnikov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Automobile roads and bridges, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky ave, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation), Professor, Department of Bridges and Transport Tunnels, Ural State University of Railway Transport (66, Kolmogorov str., Yekaterinburg, 620034, Russian Federation, e-mail: bridgesar@mail.ru). References:
| ||