Surgical treatment of overload metatarsalgia is the actual problem, as this disease is subject to a large number of older patients. This contributes to the polyetiology of the disease. This article provides a comparative analysis of different types of surgical treatment of this pathology. The efficiency of surgical technique, which was supplemented by reinserting plantar ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint to the place of separation from the proximal phalanx of the finger compared to a classic small osteotomy of the metatarsal bones and phalanges. With the aim of evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment was used the method of podobarometry, which showed its effectiveness.

Key words: acquired deformity of the foot, metatarsalgia, podobarometry.

The deformation of the eyeball under the effect of external pressure applied to the cornea in a limited area, for example, as a result of loading with an air jet, is considered. The cornea is modeled by a homogeneous, isotropic, momentless surface and, in the general case, is considered to be linearly Voigt-type viscoelastic. Its elastic properties are determined by the quadratic dependence of the strain energy on the components of the strain tensor, and viscous by the quadratic dissipative function of the strain rates. The scleral region is described by the differential relationship between the scleral volume and intraocular pressure.The process of slow deformation is considered in detail, when the derivatives of the deformation characteristics with respect to time can be neglected in the constitutive relations. It is shown that, at a certain external pressure, a section is formed in the central region of the zone of its influence, which can be considered to be flat with high accuracy. From the external pressure at which this zone occurs, the true intraocular pressure,i.e., pressure in an unloaded eye, can be determined with good accuracy. The relationship between these pressures is weakly affected by the elastic properties of both the cornea and the scleral region. In the area of external pressures corresponding to “flattening”, the rate of subsidence of the corneal apex at external pressure uniformly increasing changes. Possible generalizations of them ode land the problem formulation are discussed.

Key words: eye, cornea, viscoelastic properties, intraocular pressure, tonometry, action of an air jet, mathematical models.

The aim of the study was biomechanical modeling of the development and influence of thoracic aortic aneurysm on the hemodynamics of the vessel. Aortic aneurysm is an irreversible expansion of the aorta and is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system with a high fatal outcome. Biomechanical modeling included: setting the task, building a virtual model of the object under study, setting boundary and initial conditions and properties of materials, also assessment the results of a numerical experiment based on the physiological characteristics of the object. Two three-dimensional virtual models of the thoracic aorta were constructed on the basis of computed tomographic angiography of a real patient: with an aneurysm of the ascending division and after prosthetics. To analyze the development of pathology, were created additional virtual models with different degrees of aneurismal expansion. The calculation is carried out taking into account the parameters characterizing the work of the cardiovascular system (blood pressure value, dynamic viscosity and blood density). The analysis of the results showed a change in the character of blood flow, the formation of region of blood stagnation in the aneurysm zone. It was revealed that with the increase in the geometric dimensions of the pathology there is a drop in the blood flow rate and an increase in the flow pressure values in the aneurysm. Asymmetric distribution of pressure values on the inner surface of the aorta, triggered by the displacement of the flow velocity vector relative to the axis of the blood vessel, can to incite further development of an aneurysm.

Key words: aneurysm, thoracic aorta, ascending aorta, biomechanical modeling, finite element method, hemodynamics.