BULLETIN
OF PERM NATIONAL RESEARCH POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY ISSN (Print): 2409-5125 | ||
EVALUATION OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODIFICATION OF OIL BITUMEN BY PRODUCT OF INERTISIZATION OF OIL SLUDGE BY POLYETHYLENE WASTE E. Emelyanycheva, A. Abdullin, A. Vorobyeva, S. Seitova, I. Shaikhiev Received: 10.09.2018 Received in revised form: 10.09.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The possibility of oil sludge utilization with the use of inertisation by mixing with wastes of high-molecular compounds in various ratios was investigated. Ñrushed film wastes of high and low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene were used as the polymeric fillers. It was determined that the best physical-mechanical characteristics are achieved for a sludge sample mixed with low pressure polyethylene (LPP) waste in a ratio of 5:1, respectively. The toxicity of aqueous extracts from the products of sludge inertisation with the wastes of low-pressure polyethylene was determined using standard test objects: Daphnia magna Straus and Paramecium caudatum. It was indentified that reciprocal dilution of aqueous extracts was RD = 35.46 and RD = 6.92, respectively, which corresponds to the fourth hazard class of the obtained product. The resulting product of sludge inertisation by LPP waste was investigated as a modifying additive in the composition of bituminous binders used in road construction, in the amount of 0.5–6.5 %. The heat resistance, brittleness temperature, penetration, extensibility, elasticity and adhesion parameters of the obtained compositions were determined. It was found that the best performance of the modified bituminous binder was achieved when the additive content was 1 and 2.5 %. It was concluded that it is more expedient to use the tested additive in combination with other bitumen modifiers. Keywords: bitumen, modification, bitumen binder, oil sludge, polyethylene waste. Authors:
Emelyanycheva Elena (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: emelyanycheva@gmail.com). Abdullin Ayaz (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: ayaz.abdullin@gmail.com). Vorobyeva Arina (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate student, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: arinavorobeva007@gmail.com). Seitova Sabina (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Applicant for a Degree, Department of Engineering ecology, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marx st., 68, e-mail: sabina-seitova@mail.ru). Shaikhiev Ildar (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical sciences, Head of Engineering Ecology Department, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marx st., 68, e-mail: ildars@inbox.ru). References: 1. Akhmetov A.F., Gaisina A.R., Mustafin I.A. Metody utilizatsii nefteshlamov razlichnogo proiskhozhdenia [Methods of disposal of sludge of various origin]. Neftegazovoye delo. 2009, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 98-101. 2. Bakhonina E.I. Sovremennie tekhnologii pererabotki i utilizatsii uglevodorodosoderzhashchikh otkhodov. [State-of-the-art technologies of processing and disposal of hydrocarbon-containing wastes. Report 1. Thermal methods of hydrocarbon-containing wastes disposal and neutralization]. Bashkirski khemicheskiy zhurnal. – 2015, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 20-29. 3. Krasnogorskaya N.N., Magid A.B., Trifonova N.A. Utilizatsiya neftyanikh shlamov [Oil sludge disposal]. Neftegazovoye delo. 2004, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 217-222. 4. Timofeev S.S., Timofeeva S.S., Medvedeva S.A. Biotekhnologicheskaya utilizatsiya nefteshlamov i burovikh rastvorov [Biotechnological disposal of oil sludge and drilling muds]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2010, no. 1(41), pp. 158-163. 5. Solovyanov A.A. Pererabotka nefteshlamov s ispolzovaniem khimicheskikh i biologicheskikh metodov [Oil sludge processing using chemical and biological methods]. Zashchita okruzhayushchei sredi v neftegazovom komplekse. 2012, no. 5, pp. 30-39. 6. Akhmadiev M.V. Primenenie aborigennykh shtammov uglevodorodokislyayushchikh mikroorganizmov pri bioremediatsii neftezagryaznyonnych pochv i gruntov [Using of aboriginal hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils]. PNIPU. Applied ecology. 7. Vorobyeva S.Yu., Shpinkova M.S., Meritsidi I.A. Pererabotka nefteshlamov, burovykh shlamov, neftezagryaznyonnikh gruntov metodom reagentnogo kapsulirovaniya. 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Ispolzovanie otkhodov neftekhimicheskikh proizvodstv dlya intensifikatsii protsessa polucheniya neftyanykh bitumov [Use of petrochemical wastes to intensify the process of obtaining oil bitumen] synopsis of thesis… Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Kazan: KGTU, 1995. – 16 p. 17. Doshlov O.I., Speshilov E.G. Polimerno-bitumnoe vyazhushcheye-vysokotekhnologichnaya osnova dlya asfalta novogo pokoleniya [Polymer-bitumen binder is a high-tech base for a new generation asphalt]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/polimerno-bitumnoe-vyazhuschee-vysokotehnologichnaya-osnova-dlya-asfalta-novogo-pokoleniya. (accessed 01 January 2018). 18. Bondarenko A.V. Ispolzovanie otkhodov polimerov i nefreshlama v razrabotke sovremennych bitumno-polimernykh kompozitsiy [Use polymer and oil sludge wastes in the development of state-of-the-art bitumen-polymer compositions]. – Access mode: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/ handle/123456789/2474 (accessed 10 September 2018). 19. Kuzmina R.I., Shirokov I.P. Vliyanie nefteshlamovogo napolnitelya na fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva bitumnykh kompozitsionnykh materialov [Effect of oil sludge filler on physical and chemical properties of bitumen composite materials]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Seriya Khimiya. Biologiya. Ekologiya. 2013, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 32-36. 20. Vladimirov A.I., Remizov V.V. Ekologiya neftegazovogo kompleksa [Ecology of oil and gas complex]. Moscow, 2008, vol. 1, 321 p. 21. Samsonov M.V. Modifikatsiya svoistv dorozhnykh vyazhushchikh materialov polimerami [Modification of the properties of road binders by polymers], thesis … Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Moscow, 2015, 130 p. MEDIUM TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS A METHOD OF GAS PRODUCTION FOR INDUSTRIAL FURNACES R. Khoperskij, A. Bondarenko Received: 18.08.2018 Received in revised form: 18.08.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
Polymer materials, which are used for manufacturing various household objects from package to electronic devices, have become an integral part of our everyday's life. It has led to a significant growth of the number of polymer products as a part of the municipal solid waste. Today only a small part of them is being recycled into secondary materials (about 1.5–2.0 %), and the main part is being landfilled, seriously damaging the environment. Because of a high level of pollution, sorting out recyclable materials from a dump is almost impossible. Therefore it is important to create effective methods for recycling waste that contains polymers and to reduce the amount of untreated MSW disposed on landfills. In this article, the main issues of handling MSW in Russia were analyzed. By the example of a waste sorting station in Lipetsk morphological composition of a residual part of municipal solid waste after sorting has been analyzed. On the basis of data obtained, the authors have proposed a technology for the production refuse derived fuel by the method of thermal pressing, where the polymer component of MSW is used as a binder. In this research the possibility of using high-calorific gas obtained as a result of RDF pyrolysis, as an alternative energy source in cement kilns is also considered. To increase the yield of pyrolysis gas, it is proposed to use an inexpensive catalyst, and the effect of catalyst dosage on the quantity and quality of pyrolysis products was studied. Keywords: municipal solid waste management, pyrolysis, RDF, polymer waste, cement kiln. Authors:
Bondarenko Antonina (Lipetsk, Russian Federation) – Associate Professor of Department of Chemistry, Lipetsk State Technical University (398600, Russia, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya st., 30, e-mail: antonina.bondarenko@gmail.com). Khoperskij Ruslan (Lipetsk, Russian Federation) – Assistant of the Department of Chemistry, Lipetsk State Technical University (398600, Russia, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya st., 30, e-mail: ruslanleex@mail.ru). References: 1. Municipal Waste Treatment 2016. Confederation of European waste management plants, available at: http://www.cewep.eu/2018/07/05/municipal-waste-treatment-2016/ (accessed 04 July 2018). 2. Hoperskij R.I., Bondarenko A.V. Isledovanie morfologicheskogo sostava i ehnergeticheskogo potenciala «hvostov TBO» kompleksa po pererabotke tvyordyh bytovyh othodov «EkoProm-Lipetsk» [The study of the morphological composition and energy potential of MSW at the waste recycling enterprise "EcoProm-Lipetsk"]. Materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Recikling, pererabotka othodov i chistye tekhnologii». Moskow: FGUP «Institut GINCVETMET», 2012, pp. 55-58. 3. Ivshin V.P., Polushin R.V. Dioxin and dioxsin-like cîmpounds: paths of formation, properties and methods of degradation: Monograph // Mari State University. Yoshkar-ola, 2005, 320 ð. 4. Lee V.K.C., Wai-Hung Cheung, Gordon McKay PCDD/PCDF reduction by the co-combustion process. – Chemosphere. 2008, vol. 70, pp. 682–688. 5. G. Mc Kay Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimization during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review. – Chemical Engineering J. 2002, vol. 86, pp. 343-368. 6. Fedorov L.A. Dioxins as a ecological danger: retrospective and perspective. Moscow, Nauka, 1993. 266 p. 7. Khopersky R.I., LevkinaV.V., Konev M.V., Chmyreva O.N., Bondarenko A.V. The study of pyrolysis products from MSW, allotted for landfill. Ecology of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. 2012, vol. 1(28), pp. 35-43. 8. J. Haydary et al. Pyrolysis of aseptic packages (tetrapak) in a laboratory screw type reactor and secondary thermal/catalytic tar decomposition. Waste Management. 2013, vol. 33, pp. 1136-1141. 9. Kosivcov Yu.Yu. Nizkotemperaturnyj kataliticheskij piroliz organicheskogo syr'ya. Thesis of candidate’s degree dissertation: 05.17.04: [Low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of organic raw materials]. Tver, Tver State Technical University, 2011, 162 ð. 10. Tarasevich Yu.I. The structure and surface of layered silicates. Kiev, Naukova dumka, 1988. 246 ð. 11. Ivanova A.V., Mihajlova N.A. Tekhnologicheskie ispytaniya glin [Technological tests of clays]. Yekaterinburg, 2005. pp. 32-37. 12. Budnikov H.C. Dioksiny i rodstvennye soedineniya kak ehkotoksikanty [Dioxines and related compounds as ecotoxicants]. Sorosovskij obrazovatel'nyj zhurnal, 1997, no 26, pp. 38-44, available at: http://www.pereplet.ru/nauka/Soros/pdf/9708_038.pdf (accessed 04 July 2018). 13. Ivshin V.P., Polushin R.V. Dioksiny i dioksinopodobnye soedineniya: puti obrazovaniya, svojstva, sposoby destrukcii [Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds. Paths of Formation, Properties and Methods of Degradation]. Yoshkar-Ola: Mari State University, 2005, 320 ð. 14. Khopersky R.I., Bondarenko A.V. Proizvodstvo toplivnyh briketov iz TBO – ehffektivnyj metod snizheniya ehkologicheskoj nagruzki gorodov [Environmental safety of refused derived fuel burning in industrial furnaces]. Materialy XIV Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Nasha obshchaya okruzhayushchaya sreda». Lipetsk: LEGI, 2013, pp. 59-60. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUBSEQUENT ENERGY RECOVERY S. Polygalov Received: 10.09.2018 Received in revised form: 10.09.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
In the article the approaches to the implementation of technical and economic assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment technologies for their subsequent energy utilization are presented. Using the proposed algorithm, a technical and economic assessment of 6 different technologies of MSW treatment with pretreatment or without it, including the landfilling, sorting with the separation of secondary raw materials, incineration and 4 options for thermal utilization after different pretreatment. Field and laboratory studies of MSW component composition and their thermal properties (water content and ash content) were performed, which allowed to predict the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the output MSW flows for all the considered options. Based on the analysis of material flows, the masses of incinerated waste and products of their utilization for different technologies are calculated. Taking into account capital and operational costs, tariffs for disposal and incineration of MSW, rates of payments for waste disposal at MSW disposal facilities, as well as revenues from the sale of products (secondary raw materials and refuse derived fuel), an economic assessment of the technologies under consideration was made, which allowed to determine the most cost-effective technology for MSW treatment. Economic assessment of MSW treatment technologies allowed establishing that even at high costs for preparing the production of refuse derived fuel, it is possible to achieve economic benefits in its implementation. Keywords: municipal solid waste, refuse derived fuel, water content, calorific value, capital costs, operating costs. Authors:
Polygalov Stepan (Perm, Russian Federation) – Assistant of Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: polyste17@yandex.ru). References:
THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF WASTE GLASS AS A BASIS FOR THE CHOICE OF ECONOMICALLY EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF ITS PROCESSING P. Ketov, Iu. Ketov Received: 19.02.2018 Received in revised form: 19.02.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The engineering solutions for the extraction, sorting and recycling of waste glass as a component of municipal solid waste are discussed. It is shown that waste glass must undergo primary treatment at waste sorting plants to be involved in the resource cycle. Such primary processing leads to the increasing of the resource potential of waste glass and make it possible to produce secondary materials and various target products out of the waste glass. The possibility of manufacturing glass products with high surplus value out of waste glass is determined by the type and depth of primary processing. Keywords: waste glass, recycling, resource potential, economic feasibility, waste sorting. Authors:
Ketov Petr (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student of Department Environmental protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: 347911kpa@gmail.com). Ketov Iurii (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student of Department Environmental protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: ketov1992@list.ru). References: 1. Telichenko V.I. Ot printsipov ustoichivogo razvitiya k «zelenym» tekhnologiyam [From the principles of sustainable development to “green” technologies]. Vestnik MGSU, 2016, no. 11, pp. 5-6. 2. Chifari R., Lo Piano S., Matsumoto S., Tasaki T. Does recyclable separation reduce the cost of municipal waste management in Japan? // Waste Management. 2017, vol. 60, iss. 2, pp. 32-41. 3. Vajsman Ja.I. Upravlenie othodami. Sbor, transportirovanie, pressovanie, sortirovka tverdyh bytovyh othodov [Waste management. Collection, transportation, pressing, sorting of solid domestic waste]. Perm, 2012, 236 ð. 4. Trofimov G.V. Professional`ny`e sekrety` pererabotki stekloboya [Professional secrets of glass cullet reusing]. Municipal solid waste magazine, 2017, no. 10, pp. 22-26. 5. Slyusar N. Vozmozhnosti izvlecheniya otlozhenny`x resursov iz massivov zaxoroneniya tverdy`x kommunal`ny`x otxodov [Possibilities for mining of delayed resources on municipal solid waste dumps and landfills]. 2016, no. 1, pp. 63-78. 6. Ilinykh G.V. Procent otbora vtorichnogo sy`r`ya pri sortirovke tverdy`x by`tovy`x otxodov: raschetny`j i fakticheskij [Recyclable recovery rate when household waste sorting: estimated and real]. 2014, no. 4, pp. 115-126. 7. Dias N., Garrinhas I., Maximo A., Belo N., Roque P., Carvalho M. T. Recovery of glass from the inert fraction refused by MBT plants in a pilot plant // Waste Management. 2015, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 201-211. 8. Disfani M.M., Arulrajah A., Bo M.W., Hankour R. Recycled crushed glass in road work applications. Waste Management. 2011, vol. 31, iss. 11, pp. 2341-2351. 9. Meland I., Dahl P.A. Recycling glass cullet as concrete aggregates, applicability and durability. Recycling and Reuse of glass Cullet: Proceedings of International Symposium, 19-20 March 2001, Dundee UK. P. 167-177. 10. Ismail Z.Z., AL-Hashmi E.A. Recycling of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Waste Management. 2009, vol. 29, iss. 2, pp. 655-659. 11. Dawe A., Ribbans E. An integrated approach to market development for glass cullet. Sustainable Waste Management: Proceedings of the International Symposium 9-11 September 2003, Dundee UK. 12. Boltakova N.V., Faseeva G.R., Kabirov R.R., Nafikov R.M., Zakharov Yu.A. Utilization of inorganic industrial wastes in producing construction ceramics. Review of Russian experience for the years 2000–2015. Waste Management. 2017, vol. 60, iss. 2, pp. 230-246. 13. Vaisman I., Ketov A., Ketov I. Cellular glass obtained from non-powder preforms by foaming with steam. Ceramics International. 2016, vol. 42, pp. 15261-15268. 14. Ketov A. Glass cullet: a hard way for cellular glass from useless waste. OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. 2017, 61 p. 15. Ketov À.À., Tolmachev À.V. Penosteklo – texnologicheskie realii i ry`nok [Technological realities and the market of foamed glass-]. 2015, no. 1, pp. 17-23. 16. Il'inyh G.V., Borisov D.L., Kulikova Yu.V., Korotaev V.N. Optiko-mexanicheskaya sortirovka otxodov: perspektivy` ispol`zovaniya [Prospects for using of the optical-mechanical sorting of waste]. Construction materials, 2013, no. 10 (88), pp. 35-39. 17. Chuprova L.V. Otxody` proizvodstva i potrebleniya stekla kak sy`r`e dlya polucheniya kachestvennoj produkcii [Production wastes and glass consumption as raw materials for receipt of high-quality products]. International journal of applied and fundamental research, 2016, no. 12. pp. 640-644. DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOSORBENT BASED ON GARDEN WASTE FOR CLEANING WASTEWATER FROM OIL PRODUCTS O. Kolotova, I. Sîkolova, I. Vlàdimtseva, K. Zaikina, À. Pavlova Received: 28.05.0218 Received in revised form: 28.05.0218 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
A screening of microorganisms that utilize oil and diesel fuel, isolated from environmental objects and industrial wastes was carried out. It has been established that the most active bacterial strains were isolated from bottom sediments of the Northern Caspian. Indicators of hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity of four bacterial strains, characterized by maximum activity and promising as destructors of petroleum products, were determined. The growth dynamics of these strains on nutrient media containing oil or diesel as the sole carbon source has been investigated. As a result of the conducted studies, it has been shown that the strain designated as VSTU-02 has the highest growth rate and destructive activity with respect to petroleum hydrocarbons. The possibility of using some garden wastes (sunflower husk, wheat and buckwheat husks) as a matrix for obtaining a biosorbent based on VGTU-02 for the purification of wastewater from oil products was studied. The methodology of immobilization of oil-oxidizing bacterial strain on the carrier of prepared sunflower husk has been developed. The attachment of microorganisms was carried out by the static method with stirring for 1 hour of bacterial suspension and sunflower husk. The efficiency of cleaning the model liquid from crude oil was determined using suspended microorganisms of the VSTU-02 strain, prepared sunflower husk and a biosorbent based on them. It is shown that under similar conditions, the highest oil cleaning efficiency is achieved using a biosorbent and amounts to 99.41%. The developed biosorbent can be used to remove residual quantities of petroleum products from wastewater that have undergone mechanical and physico-chemical cleaning. Keywords: oil, oil products, wastewater, biosorbents, bacterial strains, garden waste, immobilization. Authors:
Kolotova Olga (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety ñhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28 e-mail: olgakolotova@mail.ru). Sokolova Irina (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety ñhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: mogi-irina@yandex.ru). Vladimtseva Irina (Volgograd, Russian Feseration) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety ñhair, Volgograd State Technical University, (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: alexvlad32@yandex.ru). Zaikina Kseniya (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety ñhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: kseniya13.94@mail.ru). Pavlova Alisa (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety ñhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: pavlova-alica@mail.ru). References: 1. Skhepakin M.V., Gafarov I.G., Mishulin G.M, Israfilov I.Kh. Ekhkologo-tekhnologicheskiy kompleks dlya ochistki gidrosfery ot nefti i nefteproduktov [Ecological and technological complex for cleaning the hydrosphere from oil and oil products]. Ecology and Industry of Russia, 2000, no. 11, pp. 40-44. 2. Shumilova I.B., Maksimovich N.G. Vozmozhnye puti borby s posledstviyami razlivov nefteproduktov [Possible ways to deal with the effects of oil spills]. Geologiya, razrabotka, burenie i ekspluataciya neftyanykh territoriy Permskogo Prikamya, 1999, no. 2, pp. 240-249. 3. Artemov A.V., Pinkin A.V. Sorbcionnye tekhnologii ochistki vody ot neftyanykh zagryazneniy [Sorption technology of water purification from oil pollution]. 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Moscow, Rocinformagrotekh, 2011, 296 p. 8. Arens V.Zh., Gridin O.M., YAnshin A.L. neftyanye zagryazneniya: kak reshit problem [Oil pollution: how to solve the problem ]. Ecology and Industry of Russia, 1999, no. 9, pp. 33-36. 9. Fazhulinà A.R., Auekhzova O.N. Nefteokislyayuschaya aktivnost i identifikaciya mikroorganizmov, vydelennykh iz Kaspiyskogo morya [Oil-oxidizing activity and identification of microorganisms isolated from the Caspian Sea]. Izvestiya Nacionalnoy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan. Seriya biologicheskaya i medicinskaya, 2014, no. 3, pp. 25-29. 10. Yaskovich G.A., El'kin G.E. Kharakteristika gidrofobnosti poverkhnosti kletok mikroorganizmov [Characteristics of the hydrophobicity of the surface of the cells of microorganisms]. Mikrobiology. 1995, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 137-139. 11. Yaskovich G.A. 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Krasnodar. 2017, available at: http://ntk.kubstu.ru/file/1770 (accessed 10 August 2018). 15. Bekturova A.Zh., Masalimov Zh.K., Markhametova Zh.Zh., Erkasov R.Sh., Orazbaeva R.S., Daribadzh V.O. Ehmul'giruyushhaya aktivnost nekotorykh uglevodorodokislyayuschikh mikroorganizmov [Emulsifying activity of some hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms]. Scientific J. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Biology series. 2013, no. 3/1(59), pp. 56-58 16. Kolotova O.V., Sokolova I.V., Vladimirceva I.V., Belenkova T.V., Shevczova V.S. Vydelenie i izuchenie lipidookislyayuschikh mikroorganizmov-obitateley Severnogo Kaspiya. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnola. un-ta, 2017, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 135-138. 17. Vtorichnye material'nye resursy. Ed. Urchenko L.E. Moscow: Ekonomika. 1984, 489 p. 18. Kalashnikova L.I., Ovchinnikova A.A., Kalashnikova A.A. Issledovanie tekhnologicheskih svojstv rastitel'nyh othodov kak al'ternativnogo ehkologicheskogo topliva [Study of the technological properties of plant waste as an alternative ecological fuel]. Vektor nauki Vestnik nauki Tol'yatinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2011, no. 4, pp. 32-34. SEARCH OF SORBENTS FOR CLEANING WATER BODIES FROM OIL POLLUTION B.M. Abdel-Gadir, G. Kuznetsova, G. Yagafarova Received: 01.06.2018 Received in revised form: 01.06.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
At present, in the areas of oil production in the Republic of Chad, due to a significant increase in the volume of hydrocarbons produced, there is an increase in the environmental load on soil and water objects. The main oil and gas basins of the country are located near the main rivers and their tributaries, as well as Lake Chad, which are the sources of drinking water supply for the local population and the basis of the country's agriculture. The main factors of water and soil pollution are emergency spills of oil and oil products, which can occur both during production and transportation of hydrocarbons. In this regard, an urgent task is to study methods of cleaning water bodies from oil pollution. One of the environmentally safe methods of cleaning surface water is the use of adsorption process, as other methods can lead to secondary pollution of the environment. As the adsorbent, materials having a natural origin are mainly used. The paper presents the results of the search for sorbents based on vegetable raw materials of the Republic of Chad. The sorption capacity of samples from sawdust and dry weight of leaves with respect to oil and oil products (diesel fuel, gasoline, and engine oil) has been studied. The toxicity of water after purification by sorbents was assessed by phytotoxicity. Seeds of watercress were used as a test culture. The obtained results show that the proposed sorbents from the crushed dry mass of plant leaves growing on the territory of the Republic of Chad are capable of absorbing both heavy and light fractions of petroleum products. Keywords: sorbent, oil, oil products, oil absorption, phytotoxicity, test culture. Authors:
Abdel-Gadir Bichara Mour (Ufa, Russia) – Postgraduate Student, Ufa State Petrolium Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru). Kuznetsova Gulnara (Ufa, Russia) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor of Applied Ecology Department, Ufa State Petrolium Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru). Yagafarova Guzel (Ufa, Russia) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Director of Àpplied Ecology Department, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru). References: 1. Energy U.S. Information Administration. Technically recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources Chad. September 2015, 44 p. 2. Tchad Oil Transportation Company S.A. (TOTCO). Projet de Développement Tchad-Cameroun, Projet d’Exportation Tchadien. 2010, no. 28, p. 90 3. Informacionno-analiticheskij centr «Mineral» [Information and analytical center "Mineral»], available at: http://www.mineral.ru/Facts/world/116/149/index.html (accessed 26 March 2017). 4. Esso EEPCI // Chad International Oil, Mining and Energy Conference. Chad, Ndjamena. 2008, p. 23. 5. Dzhimi M.U. Regulirovanie tekhnologiy GRP na osnove modelirovaniya protsessov i svoystv tekhnologieskikh zhidkostey. Avtoref. dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk [Regulation of the fracturing technologies on the basis of modeling of processes and properties of liquids technologiesa. Abstract. dis. ... kand. techn. sciences]. Ufa, 2012. 12 p. 6. Ministere du petrole des mines et de l’energie Republique du Tchad. Rapport champ pétrolifère de Kome base. 12 Janvier 2017. 15 p. 7. CNPC International Chad Co., LTD. Final geological report. Bongor Basin, Permit H.- Chad Development Well. 2010, 56 p. 8. Ministere du petrole des mines et de l’energie Republique du Tchad. Les travaux du gisement pétrolifères de Bongor Basin. Chad. 2006, pp. 35-60. 9. Shakhova F.A., Yagafarova G.G., Mukhamadeeva A.I. Vozdeystvie na okruzhayushchuyu sredu tekhnologicheskikh protsessov neftegazovoy otrasli: uchebnoe posobie [Environmental impact of technological processes in the oil and gas industry]. Ufa: Neftegazovoe delo, 2012. 442 p. 10. Abrosimov A.A., Dolomatov M.Yu., Telyashev Eh.G. EHkologiya pererabotki uglevodorodnyh sistem: ucheb. dlya studentov i aspirantov vuzov po him.-tekhnol. special'nostej [The ecology of hydrocarbon processing systems: proc. for students and graduate students of chemical engineering. – technol. specialties']. Moscov: Izd-vo Himiya, 2002. 608 p. 11. Davydova S.L., Tagasov V.I. Neft' i nefteprodukty v okruzhayushchej srede: uchebnoe posobie [Oil and oil products in the environment: a textbook]. Moscow, RUDN, 2004. 163 p. 12. Kamenshchikov F.A., Bogomol'nyj E.I. Neftyanye sorbenty [Oil sorbents]. Moscow-Izhevsk: NIC «Regulyarnaya i haoticheskaya dinamika», 2005. 268 p. 13. Konsejsao A.A. da Likvidaciya avarijnyh razlivov nefti i nefteproduktov s poverhnosti pochvy i vody: monografiya [Elimination of accidental spills of oil and oil products from the soil and water surface: monograph]. Ufa: Ufimskij gosudarstvennyj neftyanoj tekhnicheskij universitet, 2007. 207 p. 14. Hlestkin R.N., Samojlov N.A., Muhutdinov R.H. Issledovanie adsorbcionnyh svojstv poglotitelej dlya sbora nefti i nefteproduktov pri ih avarijnyh razlivah [Study of adsorption properties of the absorbers for the collection of oil and petroleum products in the event of spills]. Bashkirskij himicheskij zhurnal, 1998, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 56-58. 15. Alekseeva A.A., Stepanova S.V. Primenenie listovogo opada dlya udaleniya plenki nefti s poverhnosti vody [Application of sheet litter to remove oil film from the water surface]. Vestnik Kazanskogo universiteta. 2014, no. 22, vol. 17, pp. 304-306. DETERMINATION OF BASIC INDICATORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TERRITORIAL SCHEME OF WASTE MANAGEMENT O. Sergienko, E. Smaznova, D. Razumova Received: 11.04.2018 Received in revised form: 11.04.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
In the article the possibility of estimating the current level of circularity, i.e. the closeness of the flows of resources and the recovery character of the treatment of industrial and consumption waste by the example of the Novgorod region is analyzed. The performed analysis of available data on waste management shows that at the present time it is possible to propose a basic (minimum) set of indicators for the development of a territorial waste management scheme, taking into account the peculiarities of social-economic development of the region. Traditionally in our country, waste management is accounted for by indicators of the generation, disposal, decontamination and utilization of waste by types, hazard classes and territories in absolute terms of mass and as a percentage of total amount. In order to be able to compare the data at the level of individual regions and at the international level, it is suggested to apply a set of indicators per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. For the Novgorod region, the calculation of waste generation indicators, including industrial and municipal solid waste, and indicators of waste utilization for the period from 2006 to 2016 has been performed. Despite the decline in the population and in GDP during the crisis periods of 2008 and 2012, in the indicated period there is an increase in waste generation, which indicates a linear model of the region's economic development. However, in general, during the period, the proposed utilization indicator increased by 26.62 % due to initiatives of companies for processing industrial waste. To determine the level of circularity of a region or territory, i.e. determining how efficiently waste streams return to the beginning of the product chain, it is advisable to supplement the traditional record with the data on the receipt of secondary material resources (SMR) and energy from waste by their types and sources of formation; on the return of SMR to the production chain, including the primary producer, and the resulting losses of resources. In this case, the basic indicator of waste disposal can be specified with the determination of the level of circularity of separate waste streams and the efficiency of the utilization processes. When developing a territorial waste management scheme, it is necessary to identify the best available technologies, based on methodological approaches and reference documents developed by the Russian BAT Bureau. In particular, for the Novgorod region, BATs for automatic sorting of MSW, as well as for RDF fuel production, processing of wood waste with obtaining biochar and processing of rubber tires were considered as priorities. The introduction of the considered BATs over the period until 2020 will allow obtaining a significant economic effect, provided the marketable products are sold, and both reducing the waste landfilling and increasing the indicator of waste utilization by 3.5% per year. Keywords: waste management, industrial waste, municipal solid waste, recycling, circularity, indicators, circular economy, best available techniques. Authors:
Sergienko Olga (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Head of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverkskiy av., 49, e-mail: oisergienko@corp.ifmo.ru). Smaznova Evgeniya (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Graduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverksky av., 49, e-mail: smaznova_94@mail.ru). Razumova Daria (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Graduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverksky av., 49, e-mail: razumova3484@mail.ru). References: 1. Territorial scheme of waste management of the Novgorod region in 2016 [Electronic resource]. The site of the Department of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Novgorod Region, available at: http://novohotkom.natm.ru (accessed 19 November 2017). 2. Fundamentals of the theory of eco-efficiency: Monograph. Under scientific. Ed. O. Sergienko, 3. Delivering the circular economy. A toolkit for policymakers, 2015, pp. 176, available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/EllenMacArthurFoundation_PolicymakerToolkit.pdf (accessed 19 February 2018). 4. Pakhomova N.V., Richter K.K., Vetrova M.A. Transition to a circular economy and closed supply chains as a factor of sustainable development. Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of Economics. 5. Bugayan S.A. Utilization of Solid Waste: Foreign and Domestic Experience / S.À. Bugayan. Science and education: economy and economics, entrepreneurship, law and management. 2015, no. 7, 115 p. 6. Resource efficiency and waste utilization. Bankwatch, available at: http://bankwatch.org/ru/our-work/our-themes/resource-efficiency (accessed 11 March 2018). 7. Circularity Indicators. Methodology, 2015, p. 98, available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/insight/Circularity-Indicators_Project-Overview_May2015.pdf (accessed 12 March 2018). 8. Explanatory note on the implementation of the state program of the Novgorod region // Site of Rosprirodnadzor for the Novgorod region, available at: http://rpn.gov.ru/ (accessed 19 Fedruary 2018). 9. Reference book of NTD ITS-15-2016 Utilization and disposal of waste (except for thermal 10. Handbook of BAT ITS-9-2015 Disposal of waste by thermal method (incineration of waste), available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200128669 (accessed 19 Fedruary 2018). 11. Best available technique reference document («European Commission. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Reference Document on Economics and Cross-Media Effects. July 2006»), available at: http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/ecm_bref_0706.pdf (accessed 01 May 2018). 12. Automatic TKO sorting equipment. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.ecorosstroy.ru/ Autosort/ (accessed 09 March 2018). 13. Equipment for processing of solid waste into fuel RDF, available at: http://netmus.ru/katalog-tipovyh-resheniy/pererabotka-tbo-v-rdf/pererabotka-tbo-v-toplivo-rdf/ (accessed 07 March 2018). 14. Equipment for recycling of rubber waste, available at: http://alfaspk.ru/ ustanovka-po-pererabotke-shin-atr300 (accessed 07 March 2018). 15. Equipment for obtaining biochar, available at: https://i-pec.ru/equipments/ustanovka-termicheskoj-destrukcii-utd-2-2000 (accessed 10 March 2018). IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES IS A WAY TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE O. Astafieva, S. Deryagina Received: 25.04.2018 Received in revised form: 25.04.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
In the article the existing principles of regulation of negative environmental impact on the basis of the best available technologies (BAT) in the EU countries are briefly covered. The necessity to improve the state regulation of economic activity on production and consumption waste management on the basis of BAT in Russia is substantiated. It is established that for the creation of infrastructure for making an optimum scheme of waste treatment in the Russian Federation the volume of investments comparable to expenses on modernization of the Russian chemical industry is required. The first stage of the transition of economic activities on neutralization and utilization of waste, including thermal methods, as well as the disposal of production and consumption waste, related to BAT application areas, is considered; it implies the development of information and technical reference books on the best available technologies. The analysis of comparability of the data of the information – technical reference book on thermal neutralization (ITRB 9-2015) with the data on the objects of thermal neutralization of waste, operating on the territory of Sverdlovsk region is conducted. In accordance with the basic principle of modern management systems, the directions of further consistent improvement of information and technical reference books in the field of neutralization, utilization and disposal of waste are formulated. The possible directions of state support and penalties for investment activities aimed at the introduction of BAT and the implementation of measures for the introduction of equipment for the use, transportation and disposal of production and consumption waste are systematized. Keywords: best available technology, information – technical reference book, production and consumption waste, neutralization, thermal method (incineration), utilization, disposal. Authors:
Astafieva Olga (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Senior Researsher, Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (620990, Ekaterinburg, Sofia Kovalevskaya st., 20, e-mail: olga_as@ecko.uran.ru). Deryagina Susanna (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Senior Researsher, Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (620990, Ekaterinburg, Sofia Kovalevskaya st., 20, e-mail: suzanna@ecko.uran.ru). References:
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF AN URBANIZED AREA Zh. Kochetova, N. Maslova, O. Bazarskij Received: 05.06.2018 Received in revised form: 05.06.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The eleven-year dynamics of pollution of the top layer of soils in the territories of the test complex of launch vehicles, military airfield and adjacent industrial, residential, recreational areas was studied. The specified total indicator of soil contamination by specific aerospace compounds (kerosene, formaldehyde, nitrates) is calculated; the ranking of the studied functional zones is carried out according to the type of the current environmental situation; the dynamics of soil contamination of the studied territory of the city of Voronezh is shown during the intensification of the test complex of launch vehicles and the airport reconstruction. Concentration lines of soil pollution are drawn in Surfer software, allowing identifying the main sources of pollution in different years of monitoring. It was found that the greatest contribution to the deterioration of the environmental situation in the vast territory is made by a warehouse of petroleum products. Black earth is the most prone to pollution; it is capable of accumulating kerosene in the surface humus layer, which prevents filtration of secondary pollution. Theoretical recommendations on the placement of objects of aerospace activity on soils with high filtering capacity are given. During the airfields construction, the runways should be located at a distance of at least 5 km from the territories with residential and recreational areas, which is not done in Voronezh. Keywords: soil pollution, kerosene, nitrates, formaldehyde, launch vehicles, airfield, specified total index of soil pollution. Authors:
Kochetova Zhanna (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, doctoral Candidate, Associate Professor, Military educational and scientific center air force “N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” (394064, Voronezh, Staryih Bolshevikov st., 54a, e-mail: zk_vva@mail.ru). Maslova Natalya (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in chemical Sciences, quality Manager, Chemist-expert, Ñenter of hygiene and epidemiology ¹ 97 of the Federal medical and biological Agency of Russia (394009, Voronezh, Voroshilova st., 22, maslovanatvl@mail.ru). Bazarskij Oleg (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Military educational and scientific center air force “N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” (394064, Voronezh, Staryih Bolshevikov st., 54a, e-mail: z_vaiu@mail.ru). References: 1. Gevorgyan V.M., Ponomareva O.I., Kemer O.V. Ecological characteristics of soil-cover complexes aerodrome civil aviation [Jekologicheskie osobennosti pochvennogo pokrova ajerodromnyh kompleksov grazhdanskoj aviacii]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo centra RAN. 2013, vol. 15, no 4(4), pp. 795-798. 2. Kochetova Zh.Yu. Environmental monitoring of oil and petroleum products in environmental objects [Jekomonitoring nefti i nefteproduktov v ob'ektah okruzhajushhej sredy]. Voronezh, 2016. 204 p. 3. Ogorodnikov S.K. Formaldehyde [Formal'degid]. Leningrad, Himiya, 1984. 280 p. 4. Cohen B.S., Bronzaft A.L., Heikkinen M., Goodman J., Nádas A. Airport-Related Air Pollution and Noise. J. of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2007, no 5:2, pp. 119-129. 5. Iavicoli I., Fontana L., Ancona C., Forastiere F. Airport related air pollution and health effects. Epidemiol Prev. 2014, no 38(3-4), pp. 237-243. 6. Novoselova E.I., Kireeva N.A., Garipova M.I. The role of soil enzymatic activity in its trophic function in conditions of oil pollution [Rol' fermentativnoj aktivnosti pochv v osushhestvlenii eju troficheskoj funkcii v uslovijah neftjanogo zagrjaznenija]. Vestnik bashkirskogo universiteta. 2014, vol.19, no 2, pp. 474-479. 7. Kasimov N.S., Krechetov P.P., Koroleva T.V. Experimental studies of rocket fuel behavior in soils. Doklady Earth Sciences. 2006, vol. 409, no 5, pp. 744-746. 8. Rodin I.A., Moskvin D.N., Smolenkov A.D., Shpigun O.A. Transformations of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine in soils. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2008, vol. 82, no 6, pp. 911-915. 9. Kosinova I.I., Krutskih N.V., Lavrova N.B. Ecological and geochemical assessment of urban areas on the example of Petrozavodsk [Jekologo-geohimicheskaja ocenka urbanizirovannyh territorij na primere g. Petrozavodska]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geologiya. 2011, no 2, pp. 204-211. 10. Prosyannikov E.V., Smol'skij E.V., Gushcha A.S. Influence of oil pollution on soils of the South-West of the non-Chernozem zone of Russia [Vlijanie zagrjaznenija neft'ju na pochvy JUgo-Zapada Nechernozemnoj zony Rossii]. Agrohimiya. 2012, no 7, pp. 74-86. 11. Methodical manual on the organization and procedure of sampling of industrial and natural environment for the analysis of components [Metodicheskoe posobie po organizacii i porjadku otbora prob ob#ektov proizvodstvennoj i prirodnoj sredy dlja provedenija analiza komponentov]. Moscow, 2014. 158 p. 12. Bouwman A.F., Van Vuuren D.P., Derwent R.G. A global analysis of acidifi cation and eutrophication of terrestrial ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 2002, vol. 141, pp. 349-382. 13. Kosinova I.I. Ecological Geology of large mining areas of Northern Eurasia (theory and practice) [Jekologicheskaja geologija krupnyh gornodobyvajushhih rajonov Severnoj Evrazii (teorija i praktika)]. Voronezh, Izd-vo VGU, 2015. 576 p. 14. Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments: Processes, Tools, and Applications. National Research Council. Washington. DC: The National Academies Press. 2003. 15. Kochetova Zh.Yu., Bazarskij O.V., Maslova N.V. Comparative analysis of integrated indicators of soil pollution of urbanized area by priority contaminants [Sravnitel'nyj analiz integral'nyh pokazatelej zagrjaznenija pochvogruntov urbanizirovannoj territorii prioritetnymi kontaminantami]. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2018, no 1(123), pp. 28-37. POSSIBILITY OF USING UNDERGROUND WATERS OF THE MICRODISTRICT UPPER KURIA OF THE CITY OF PERM FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY E. Ushakova, I. Shchukova Received: 04.09.2018 Received in revised form: 04.09.2018 Published: 20.12.2018 ![]() Abstract:
According to the test data of 13 water wells and 3 springs in the territory of the Upper Kurya microdistrict of Perm, it was established that 25 % of water samples do not correspond to the quality of domestic and drinking water use by indicators such as mineralization, total hardness, concentration of sulfates, nitrates, to a lesser degree pH. Of the trace elements, the MPCs exceedances are noted only in groundwater quaternary deposits for total iron, boron, aluminum, manganese and strontium. In the underground waters of Sheshmin’s age, all determined microcomponents do not exceed the MPC values. Lithologic composition, exposure to the surface of the earth, and human economic activity determine the chemical composition of the underground waters of the exploited water wells. The obtained results indicate that groundwater, used by the population from individual water wells in the Upper Kurya microdistrict, can not be a reliable source of domestic and drinking water supply. It is necessary to regularly assess the quality of water using laboratory analysis and perform additional cleaning. Keywords: low-rise residential development, drinking water quality, water wells, chemical composition, MPC. Authors:
Ushakova Evgenia (Perm, Russian Federation) – Assistant of the Department of Dynamic Geology and Hydrogeology, Perm State National Research University (614990, Perm, Bukireva st., 15, e-mail: ushakova.evgeniya@gmail.com). Irina Shchukova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Perm State National Research University (614990, Perm, Bukireva st., 15, e-mail: shchukova-i@mail.ru).
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