The possibility of oil sludge utilization with the use of inertisation by mixing with wastes of high-molecular compounds in various ratios was investigated. Сrushed film wastes of high and low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene were used as the polymeric fillers. It was determined that the best physical-mechanical characteristics are achieved for a sludge sample mixed with low pressure polyethylene (LPP) waste in a ratio of 5:1, respectively. The toxicity of aqueous extracts from the products of sludge inertisation with the wastes of low-pressure polyethylene was determined using standard test objects: Daphnia magna Straus and Paramecium caudatum. It was indentified that reciprocal dilution of aqueous extracts was RD = 35.46 and RD = 6.92, respectively, which corresponds to the fourth hazard class of the obtained product. The resulting product of sludge inertisation by LPP waste was investigated as a modifying additive in the composition of bituminous binders used in road construction, in the amount of 0.5–6.5 %. The heat resistance, brittleness temperature, penetration, extensibility, elasticity and adhesion parameters of the obtained compositions were determined. It was found that the best performance of the modified bituminous binder was achieved when the additive content was 1 and 2.5 %. It was concluded that it is more expedient to use the tested additive in combination with other bitumen modifiers.

Keywords: bitumen, modification, bitumen binder, oil sludge, polyethylene waste.

Emelyanycheva Elena (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: emelyanycheva@gmail.com).

Abdullin Ayaz (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: ayaz.abdullin@gmail.com).

Vorobyeva Arina (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate student, Department of Chemical technology of oil and gas processing, Kazan National Research technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marksa st., 68, e-mail: arinavorobeva007@gmail.com).

Seitova Sabina (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Applicant for a Degree, Department of Engineering ecology, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marx st., 68, e-mail: sabina-seitova@mail.ru).

Shaikhiev Ildar (Kazan, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical sciences, Head of Engineering Ecology Department, Kazan National Research Technological University (420015, Kazan, K. Marx st., 68, e-mail: ildars@inbox.ru).

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Polymer materials, which are used for manufacturing various household objects from package to electronic devices, have become an integral part of our everyday's life. It has led to a significant growth of the number of polymer products as a part of the municipal solid waste. Today only a small part of them is being recycled into secondary materials (about 1.5–2.0 %), and the main part is being landfilled, seriously damaging the environment. Because of a high level of pollution, sorting out recyclable materials from a dump is almost impossible. Therefore it is important to create effective methods for recycling waste that contains polymers and to reduce the amount of untreated MSW disposed on landfills. In this article, the main issues of handling MSW in Russia were analyzed. By the example of a waste sorting station in Lipetsk morphological composition of a residual part of municipal solid waste after sorting has been analyzed. On the basis of data obtained, the authors have proposed a technology for the production refuse derived fuel by the method of thermal pressing, where the polymer component of MSW is used as a binder. In this research the possibility of using high-calorific gas obtained as a result of RDF pyrolysis, as an alternative energy source in cement kilns is also considered. To increase the yield of pyrolysis gas, it is proposed to use an inexpensive catalyst, and the effect of catalyst dosage on the quantity and quality of pyrolysis products was studied.

Keywords: municipal solid waste management, pyrolysis, RDF, polymer waste, cement kiln.

Bondarenko Antonina (Lipetsk, Russian Federation) – Associate Professor of Department of Chemistry, Lipetsk State Technical University (398600, Russia, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya st., 30, e-mail: antonina.bondarenko@gmail.com).

Khoperskij Ruslan (Lipetsk, Russian Federation) – Assistant of the Department of Chemistry, Lipetsk State Technical University (398600, Russia, Lipetsk, Moskovskaya st., 30, e-mail: ruslanleex@mail.ru).

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In the article the approaches to the implementation of technical and economic assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment technologies for their subsequent energy utilization are presented. Using the proposed algorithm, a technical and economic assessment of 6 different technologies of MSW treatment with pretreatment or without it, including the landfilling, sorting with the separation of secondary raw materials, incineration and 4 options for thermal utilization after different pretreatment. Field and laboratory studies of MSW component composition and their thermal properties (water content and ash content) were performed, which allowed to predict the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the output MSW flows for all the considered options. Based on the analysis of material flows, the masses of incinerated waste and products of their utilization for different technologies are calculated. Taking into account capital and operational costs, tariffs for disposal and incineration of MSW, rates of payments for waste disposal at MSW disposal facilities, as well as revenues from the sale of products (secondary raw materials and refuse derived fuel), an economic assessment of the technologies under consideration was made, which allowed to determine the most cost-effective technology for MSW treatment. Economic assessment of MSW treatment technologies allowed establishing that even at high costs for preparing the production of refuse derived fuel, it is possible to achieve economic benefits in its implementation.

Keywords: municipal solid waste, refuse derived fuel, water content, calorific value, capital costs, operating costs.

Polygalov Stepan (Perm, Russian Federation) – Assistant of Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: polyste17@yandex.ru).

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The engineering solutions for the extraction, sorting and recycling of waste glass as a component of municipal solid waste are discussed. It is shown that waste glass must undergo primary treatment at waste sorting plants to be involved in the resource cycle. Such primary processing leads to the increasing of the resource potential of waste glass and make it possible to produce secondary materials and various target products out of the waste glass. The possibility of manufacturing glass products with high surplus value out of waste glass is determined by the type and depth of primary processing.

Keywords: waste glass, recycling, resource potential, economic feasibility, waste sorting.

Ketov Petr (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student of Department Environmental protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: 347911kpa@gmail.com).

Ketov Iurii (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student of Department Environmental protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: ketov1992@list.ru).

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2. Chifari R., Lo Piano S., Matsumoto S., Tasaki T. Does recyclable separation reduce the cost of municipal waste management in Japan? // Waste Management. 2017, vol. 60, iss. 2, pp. 32-41.

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4. Trofimov G.V. Professional`ny`e sekrety` pererabotki stekloboya [Professional secrets of glass cullet reusing]. Municipal solid waste magazine, 2017, no. 10, pp. 22-26.

5. Slyusar N. Vozmozhnosti izvlecheniya otlozhenny`x resursov iz massivov zaxoroneniya tverdy`x kommunal`ny`x otxodov [Possibilities for mining of delayed resources on municipal solid waste dumps and landfills]. 2016, no. 1, pp. 63-78.

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15. Ketov А.А., Tolmachev А.V. Penosteklo – texnologicheskie realii i ry`nok [Technological realities and the market of foamed glass-]. 2015, no. 1, pp. 17-23.

16. Il'inyh G.V., Borisov D.L., Kulikova Yu.V., Korotaev V.N. Optiko-mexanicheskaya sortirovka otxodov: perspektivy` ispol`zovaniya [Prospects for using of the optical-mechanical sorting of waste]. Construction materials, 2013, no. 10 (88), pp. 35-39.

17. Chuprova L.V. Otxody` proizvodstva i potrebleniya stekla kak sy`r`e dlya polucheniya kachestvennoj produkcii [Production wastes and glass consumption as raw materials for receipt of high-quality products]. International journal of applied and fundamental research, 2016, no. 12. pp. 640-644.

A screening of microorganisms that utilize oil and diesel fuel, isolated from environmental objects and industrial wastes was carried out. It has been established that the most active bacterial strains were isolated from bottom sediments of the Northern Caspian. Indicators of hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity of four bacterial strains, characterized by maximum activity and promising as destructors of petroleum products, were determined. The growth dynamics of these strains on nutrient media containing oil or diesel as the sole carbon source has been investigated. As a result of the conducted studies, it has been shown that the strain designated as VSTU-02 has the highest growth rate and destructive activity with respect to petroleum hydrocarbons. The possibility of using some garden wastes (sunflower husk, wheat and buckwheat husks) as a matrix for obtaining a biosorbent based on VGTU-02 for the purification of wastewater from oil products was studied. The methodology of immobilization of oil-oxidizing bacterial strain on the carrier of prepared sunflower husk has been developed. The attachment of microorganisms was carried out by the static method with stirring for 1 hour of bacterial suspension and sunflower husk. The efficiency of cleaning the model liquid from crude oil was determined using suspended microorganisms of the VSTU-02 strain, prepared sunflower husk and a biosorbent based on them. It is shown that under similar conditions, the highest oil cleaning efficiency is achieved using a biosorbent and amounts to 99.41%. The developed biosorbent can be used to remove residual quantities of petroleum products from wastewater that have undergone mechanical and physico-chemical cleaning.

Keywords: oil, oil products, wastewater, biosorbents, bacterial strains, garden waste, immobilization.

Kolotova Olga (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety сhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28 e-mail: olgakolotova@mail.ru).

Sokolova Irina (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety сhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: mogi-irina@yandex.ru).

Vladimtseva Irina (Volgograd, Russian Feseration) – Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Professor of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety сhair, Volgograd State Technical University, (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: alexvlad32@yandex.ru).

Zaikina Kseniya (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety сhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: kseniya13.94@mail.ru).

Pavlova Alisa (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety сhair, Volgograd State Technical University (400131, Volgograd, Lenina av., 28, e-mail: pavlova-alica@mail.ru).

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3. Artemov A.V., Pinkin A.V. Sorbcionnye tekhnologii ochistki vody ot neftyanykh zagryazneniy [Sorption technology of water purification from oil pollution]. Water: Chemistry and Ecology, 2008, no. 1, pp. 32-37.

4. Surzhko L.F. Ochistka prirodnykh i stochnykh vod ot neftezagryazneniy immobilizovannymi uglevodorodokislyayuschimi mikroorganizmami: Diss. na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kand. tekhn. nauk. Sankt-Peterburg, 1999, 117 p.

5. Belik E.S., Zlobina K. Vording. Issledovanie vozmozhnosti ispolzovaniya otkhodov proizvodstva v kachestve biosorbenta [The research of possibility use of wasteof production as biosorbents]. PNRPU. Applied ecology. Urban development, 2016, no. 3 (23), pp. 62-76.

6. Belik E.S. Ocenka effektivnosti primeneniya biosorbenta v tekhnologii biologicheskoy ochistki vody i vody ot nefteproduktov nefteproduktov [Evaluation of efficiency of application of oil biocorbent in the technology of biological cleaning water and soil]. PNRPU. Applied ecology. Urban development, 2017, no. 4 (23), pp. 104-114.

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18. Kalashnikova L.I., Ovchinnikova A.A., Kalashnikova A.A. Issledovanie tekhnologicheskih svojstv rastitel'nyh othodov kak al'ternativnogo ehkologicheskogo topliva [Study of the technological properties of plant waste as an alternative ecological fuel]. Vektor nauki Vestnik nauki Tol'yatinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2011, no. 4, pp. 32-34.

At present, in the areas of oil production in the Republic of Chad, due to a significant increase in the volume of hydrocarbons produced, there is an increase in the environmental load on soil and water objects. The main oil and gas basins of the country are located near the main rivers and their tributaries, as well as Lake Chad, which are the sources of drinking water supply for the local population and the basis of the country's agriculture. The main factors of water and soil pollution are emergency spills of oil and oil products, which can occur both during production and transportation of hydrocarbons. In this regard, an urgent task is to study methods of cleaning water bodies from oil pollution. One of the environmentally safe methods of cleaning surface water is the use of adsorption process, as other methods can lead to secondary pollution of the environment. As the adsorbent, materials having a natural origin are mainly used. The paper presents the results of the search for sorbents based on vegetable raw materials of the Republic of Chad. The sorption capacity of samples from sawdust and dry weight of leaves with respect to oil and oil products (diesel fuel, gasoline, and engine oil) has been studied. The toxicity of water after purification by sorbents was assessed by phytotoxicity. Seeds of watercress were used as a test culture. The obtained results show that the proposed sorbents from the crushed dry mass of plant leaves growing on the territory of the Republic of Chad are capable of absorbing both heavy and light fractions of petroleum products.

Keywords: sorbent, oil, oil products, oil absorption, phytotoxicity, test culture.

Abdel-Gadir Bichara Mour (Ufa, Russia) – Postgraduate Student, Ufa State Petrolium Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru).

Kuznetsova Gulnara (Ufa, Russia) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor of Applied Ecology Department, Ufa State Petrolium Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru).

Yagafarova Guzel (Ufa, Russia) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Director of Аpplied Ecology Department, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (450062, Ufa, Kosmonavtov st., 1, e-mail: kafedra_ecologia@mail.ru).

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13. Konsejsao A.A. da Likvidaciya avarijnyh razlivov nefti i nefteproduktov s poverhnosti pochvy i vody: monografiya [Elimination of accidental spills of oil and oil products from the soil and water surface: monograph]. Ufa: Ufimskij gosudarstvennyj neftyanoj tekhnicheskij universitet, 2007. 207 p.

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15. Alekseeva A.A., Stepanova S.V. Primenenie listovogo opada dlya udaleniya plenki nefti s poverhnosti vody [Application of sheet litter to remove oil film from the water surface]. Vestnik Kazanskogo universiteta. 2014, no. 22, vol. 17, pp. 304-306.

In the article the possibility of estimating the current level of circularity, i.e. the closeness of the flows of resources and the recovery character of the treatment of industrial and consumption waste by the example of the Novgorod region is analyzed.

The performed analysis of available data on waste management shows that at the present time it is possible to propose a basic (minimum) set of indicators for the development of a territorial waste management scheme, taking into account the peculiarities of social-economic development of the region. Traditionally in our country, waste management is accounted for by indicators of the generation, disposal, decontamination and utilization of waste by types, hazard classes and territories in absolute terms of mass and as a percentage of total amount. In order to be able to compare the data at the level of individual regions and at the international level, it is suggested to apply a set of indicators per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.

For the Novgorod region, the calculation of waste generation indicators, including industrial and municipal solid waste, and indicators of waste utilization for the period from 2006 to 2016 has been performed. Despite the decline in the population and in GDP during the crisis periods of 2008 and 2012, in the indicated period there is an increase in waste generation, which indicates a linear model of the region's economic development. However, in general, during the period, the proposed utilization indicator increased by 26.62 % due to initiatives of companies for processing industrial waste.

To determine the level of circularity of a region or territory, i.e. determining how efficiently waste streams return to the beginning of the product chain, it is advisable to supplement the traditional record with the data on the receipt of secondary material resources (SMR) and energy from waste by their types and sources of formation; on the return of SMR to the production chain, including the primary producer, and the resulting losses of resources. In this case, the basic indicator of waste disposal can be specified with the determination of the level of circularity of separate waste streams and the efficiency of the utilization processes.

When developing a territorial waste management scheme, it is necessary to identify the best available technologies, based on methodological approaches and reference documents developed by the Russian BAT Bureau. In particular, for the Novgorod region, BATs for automatic sorting of MSW, as well as for RDF fuel production, processing of wood waste with obtaining biochar and processing of rubber tires were considered as priorities. The introduction of the considered BATs over the period until 2020 will allow obtaining a significant economic effect, provided the marketable products are sold, and both reducing the waste landfilling and increasing the indicator of waste utilization by 3.5% per year.

Keywords: waste management, industrial waste, municipal solid waste, recycling, circularity, indicators, circular economy, best available techniques.

Sergienko Olga (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Head of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverkskiy av., 49, e-mail: oisergienko@corp.ifmo.ru).

Smaznova Evgeniya (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Graduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverksky av., 49, e-mail: smaznova_94@mail.ru).

Razumova Daria (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) – Graduate Student of Industrial Ecology and Occupational Safety Department, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kronverksky av., 49, e-mail: razumova3484@mail.ru).

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H. Ron. SPb .: SPbGUNiPT, 2004. 223p.

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4. Pakhomova N.V., Richter K.K., Vetrova M.A. Transition to a circular economy and closed supply chains as a factor of sustainable development. Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of Economics.
2017, vol. 33, iss. 2.

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treatment (incineration of waste), available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200143229 (accessed
19 Fedruary 2018).

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11. Best available technique reference document («European Commission. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control. Reference Document on Economics and Cross-Media Effects. July 2006»), available at: http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/ecm_bref_0706.pdf (accessed 01 May 2018).

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In the article the existing principles of regulation of negative environmental impact on the basis of the best available technologies (BAT) in the EU countries are briefly covered. The necessity to improve the state regulation of economic activity on production and consumption waste management on the basis of BAT in Russia is substantiated. It is established that for the creation of infrastructure for making an optimum scheme of waste treatment in the Russian Federation the volume of investments comparable to expenses on modernization of the Russian chemical industry is required.

The first stage of the transition of economic activities on neutralization and utilization of waste, including thermal methods, as well as the disposal of production and consumption waste, related to BAT application areas, is considered; it implies the development of information and technical reference books on the best available technologies. The analysis of comparability of the data of the information – technical reference book on thermal neutralization (ITRB 9-2015) with the data on the objects of thermal neutralization of waste, operating on the territory of Sverdlovsk region is conducted. In accordance with the basic principle of modern management systems, the directions of further consistent improvement of information and technical reference books in the field of neutralization, utilization and disposal of waste are formulated.

The possible directions of state support and penalties for investment activities aimed at the introduction of BAT and the implementation of measures for the introduction of equipment for the use, transportation and disposal of production and consumption waste are systematized.

Keywords: best available technology, information – technical reference book, production and consumption waste, neutralization, thermal method (incineration), utilization, disposal.

Astafieva Olga (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Senior Researsher, Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (620990, Ekaterinburg, Sofia Kovalevskaya st., 20, e-mail: olga_as@ecko.uran.ru).

Deryagina Susanna (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Senior Researsher, Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (620990, Ekaterinburg, Sofia Kovalevskaya st., 20, e-mail: suzanna@ecko.uran.ru).

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The eleven-year dynamics of pollution of the top layer of soils in the territories of the test complex of launch vehicles, military airfield and adjacent industrial, residential, recreational areas was studied. The specified total indicator of soil contamination by specific aerospace compounds (kerosene, formaldehyde, nitrates) is calculated; the ranking of the studied functional zones is carried out according to the type of the current environmental situation; the dynamics of soil contamination of the studied territory of the city of Voronezh is shown during the intensification of the test complex of launch vehicles and the airport reconstruction. Concentration lines of soil pollution are drawn in Surfer software, allowing identifying the main sources of pollution in different years of monitoring. It was found that the greatest contribution to the deterioration of the environmental situation in the vast territory is made by a warehouse of petroleum products. Black earth is the most prone to pollution; it is capable of accumulating kerosene in the surface humus layer, which prevents filtration of secondary pollution. Theoretical recommendations on the placement of objects of aerospace activity on soils with high filtering capacity are given. During the airfields construction, the runways should be located at a distance of at least 5 km from the territories with residential and recreational areas, which is not done in Voronezh.

Keywords: soil pollution, kerosene, nitrates, formaldehyde, launch vehicles, airfield, specified total index of soil pollution.

Kochetova Zhanna (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, doctoral Candidate, Associate Professor, Military educational and scientific center air force “N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” (394064, Voronezh, Staryih Bolshevikov st., 54a, e-mail: zk_vva@mail.ru).

Maslova Natalya (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in chemical Sciences, quality Manager, Chemist-expert, Сenter of hygiene and epidemiology № 97 of the Federal medical and biological Agency of Russia (394009, Voronezh, Voroshilova st., 22, maslovanatvl@mail.ru).

Bazarskij Oleg (Voronezh, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Military educational and scientific center air force “N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” (394064, Voronezh, Staryih Bolshevikov st., 54a, e-mail: z_vaiu@mail.ru).

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According to the test data of 13 water wells and 3 springs in the territory of the Upper Kurya microdistrict of Perm, it was established that 25 % of water samples do not correspond to the quality of domestic and drinking water use by indicators such as mineralization, total hardness, concentration of sulfates, nitrates, to a lesser degree pH. Of the trace elements, the MPCs exceedances are noted only in groundwater quaternary deposits for total iron, boron, aluminum, manganese and strontium. In the underground waters of Sheshmin’s age, all determined microcomponents do not exceed the MPC values.

Lithologic composition, exposure to the surface of the earth, and human economic activity determine the chemical composition of the underground waters of the exploited water wells.

The obtained results indicate that groundwater, used by the population from individual water wells in the Upper Kurya microdistrict, can not be a reliable source of domestic and drinking water supply. It is necessary to regularly assess the quality of water using laboratory analysis and perform additional cleaning.

Keywords: low-rise residential development, drinking water quality, water wells, chemical composition, MPC.

Ushakova Evgenia (Perm, Russian Federation) – Assistant of the Department of Dynamic Geology and Hydrogeology, Perm State National Research University (614990, Perm, Bukireva st., 15, e-mail: ushakova.evgeniya@gmail.com).

Irina Shchukova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Perm State National Research University (614990, Perm, Bukireva st., 15, e-mail: shchukova-i@mail.ru).

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