Evidently, all life and activity of the modern person is connected with architectural constructions. Architecture serves as a source of inspiration, a meaning of socialization, a self-identification and our personal development. Quite the opposite situation has developed in the field of architecture with the help of sociological theories. There was no such thing as sociology of architecture for a great while.

 Socio-cultural design in the landscape has recently begun to fully gain momentum. All fault aggravation of ecological problems, one way or another concerning cultural life of society: in carrying out leisure and rest. Sociocultural design in the landscape becomes an integral part of it at the stage of modern development of society. An individual as a person strives for separation from the concept of "society". Echoing the emerging needs, the surrounding space should meet them.

A healthy environment has a direct impact on the level and quality of life of the population. Nature, as an integral part of the conditions of existence of each large and small social groups, concerns the inner world, and therefore directly – culture.

Nowadays, the most important aspect for human existence both in the future and in the present is ecology. It requires improvement of the Transfiguration which destroyed some of the surrounding space. Here, sociocultural design in the face of the world community has determined the severity of the existing ecologically destroyed territories; according to its definition, it has developed a number of goals to start the search for a solution at this stage.

Peter Fink-a modern landscape designer, one of those who specifically defined its direction of activity, highlights the socio-cultural design in the landscape as an integral and faithful way of development of society, the transformation of the surrounding space. The creative activity P. Fink divides into three parts: Animating cities, Placemaking and Green urbanism.

According to the given classification, the article considers the world examples of solving sociocultural landscape design.

Keywords: landscape, socio-cultural design, parks, reconstruction, ecology, disturbed areas, arrangement of parks

Tatyana S. Yarmosh – Associate Professor, Member of the Union of Architects, e-mail: archi618@mail.ru.

Irina D. Mikhailova – Student, e-mail: Irinakitaeza@gmail.com.

1. Berestova E.M. Sociokul'turnoe proektirovanie: ucheb.-metod. Posobie [Socio-cultural design: a Handbook]. Izhevsk, Udmurtskij universitet, 2012, 51 p.

2. Markov A.P., Birzhenjuk A.P. Osnovy sociokul'turnogo proektirovanija: uchebnoe posobie [Basics of socio-cultural design: tutorial]. Saint Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, 1997, 205 p.

3. Vil'kovskij M. Sociologija arhitektury [Sociology of architecture]. Moscow, Fond «Russkij avangard», 2010, 592 p.

4. Glazychev V. L. Sociologija arhitektury – kakaja i dlja chego? [Sociology of architecture, what for?]. Sbornik Sojuza arhitektorov «Zodchestvo», 1978, no. 2, pp. 20-25.

5. Sonjak E. V. Faktory formirovanija sovremennoj zhiloj sredy [Factors of formation of modern living environment]. Arhitekton: izvestija vuzov, 2008, no. 22.

6. Ponukalina O.V. Social'naja jekologija gorodskogo prostranstva [Social ecology of urban space]. Goroda regiona: kul'turno simvolicheskoe nasledie kak gumanitarnyj resurs budushhego. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-prakticheskaia conferenciia, Saratov, Saratov university, 2003, pp. 59-63.

7. Peter Fink's landscape design. 2013, available at: http://www.studiofink.eu/projects/ (accessed 16 February 2018).

8. Arakeljan R.G. Povyshenie kachestv zhiloj sredy s uchetom cennostej tradicionnyh zhilyh obrazovanij (na primere territorii Armjanskogo nagor'ja) [Improving the quality of the living environment, taking into account the values of traditional residential units (on the example of the Armenian highlands)]. Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. Moscow, 2011, 51 p.

9. Jarmosh T.S. Kompleksnaja ocenka gotovnosti k sociokul'turnomu proektirovaniju zhiloj sredy [Comprehensive assessment of readiness for socio-cultural design of the living environment]. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta im.
V.G. Shuhova, 2015, no. 5, pp. 87-90.

10. Arhsovet Moskvy Park Arijel' Sharona: bor'ba s musorom i navodnenijami [Ariel Sharon Park: fighting garbage and floods]. 2013–2017, available at: http://archsovet.msk.ru/article/gorod/ park-ariel-sharona (accessed 14 February 2018).

11. Nazarova M.P. Sociokul'turnye smysly arhitekturnyh ob'ektov [Socio-cultural senses of architectural objects]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 7, 2012, no.1, pp. 111-114.

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14. Tarasova L.I. Arhitektura i socium [Architecture and society]. Social'naja set' rabotnikov obrazovanija. available at: https://nsportal.ru/shkola/sotsialnaya-pedagogika/libra-ry/2012/01/19/ arkhitektura-i-sotsium (accessed 17 March 2018).

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16. Jarmosh T.S. Sociokul'turnye principy zhiloj sredy [Socio-cultural principles of the living environment]. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova, 2014, no. 5, pp. 254-258.

The article reveals the methods of improving training and educational activities in higher education institutions in the context of career-oriented work in order to form the necessary universal (UC) and general professional (GPC) competencies, as well as the development of individual characteristics of the subjects of education, in particular, the students of junior courses. These competencies are linked in the educational process with the continuity of professional orientation. The development of the student's personality has been investigated through the use of a number of psychological techniques continuously during three years of the project implementation. The authors touch upon the perspective of proper formation of professional competencies of graduates (PC) corresponding to the type or types of professional activity the underground program is focused on.

Keywords: universal competencies, general professional competencies, knowledge, abilities, skills, educational motivation, peculiarities of adaptation of students, business qualities, style of learning, work and leadership, intellectual performance, Landolt test, Myers Briggs test, constructive drawing out of geometric figures

Igor P. Mironov – Psychologist, e-mail: ipmironov@yandex.ru.

Tatyana A. Belozerova – Associate Professor, e-mail: bta.perm@mail.ru.

1. Zarygin V.A. Formirovanie professional'noj kompetentnosti specialista v sisteme korporativnogo obuchenija [Formation of professional competence of specialists in the system of corporate training]. Ph. D. thesis. Moscow, 2011, 22 p.
2. Bajdenko V.I. Vyjavlenie sostava kompetencij vypusknikov vuzov kak neobhodimyj jetap proektirovanija GOS VPO novogo pokolenija [Identification of the competence composition of graduates as a necessary stage of designing State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education of the new generation]. Moscow, Issledovatel'skij centr problem kachestva podgotovki specialistov, 2006, 72 p.
3. Aktual'nye problemy kachestva obrazovanija v uslovijah perehoda na urovnevuju sistemu vysshego professional'nogo obrazovanija [Urgent problems of education quality in the conditions of transition to the level system of higher education]. Materialy uchebno-metodicheskoj konferencii, ed. V.G. Agaeeva. Cheboksary, Chuvashskii universitet, 2010, 148 p.
4. Kurbatova L.N., Belozerova T.A. Mnenie rukovoditelej predprijatij o professional'no-delovyh kachestvah vypusknikov [Opinion of heads of the enterprises about professional and business qualities of graduates]. Vestnik PNIPU. Social'no-jekonomicheskie nauki, 2017, no. 4, pp. 104-113.
5. Libin A. V., Libina A. V., Libin V. V. Psihograficheskij test: konstruktivnyj risunok cheloveka iz geometricheskih form [Psychographic test: the constructive drawing of a man out of geometric figures]. Moscow, Eksmo, 2008, 368 p.
6. Majers I., Majers P. MBTI. Opredelenie tipov. U kazhdogo svoj dar [Type definition. Everyone has a gift]. Moscow, Biznes Psihologi, 2010, 320 p.
7. Sysoev V.N. Test Landol'ta diagnostika rabotosposobnosti [The Landolt test performance diagnosis]. 2nd ed. Saint Petersburg, IMATON, 2007, 32 p.
8. Mironov I.P., Belozerova T.A. Psihologicheskaja diagnostika - osnova professional'noj orientacii studentov pervokursnikov stroitel'nogo fakul'teta [Psychological diagnostics is the basis of professional orientation of first-year students of the faculty of construction]. Sbornik materialov 16 Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Formirovanie gumanitarnoj sredy v vuze: Innovacionnye obrazovatel'nye tehnologii. Kompetentnostnyj podhod. Vol. 2. Perm, 2016, pp. 171-179.

Work at the height always combined with a drop in the workers and the high level of production traumatism. Therefore researchers always search for means and methods of protection for the workers in order to decrease traumatism. Adoption by the RF Ministry of Labor of new normative documents and approaches in the organization of safe performing of work at the height. Were accepted new rules on the industrial safety measures, including with the work by the height. The introduction of new requirements in the region of industrial safety measures with performing of work at the height requires the revision of approaches to the organization of such works.

In the article are proposed new technical equipment for providing of safety of works at the height which they already contain the rigid anchor point, fixed on the support LEP. For creating the anchor device on the support at present the producers of means of protection propose movable anchor devices in essence. They have a number of advantages, but also essential deficiencies. However, device on the support of stationary anchor point on its upper part, which satisfies all requirements of safety with performing of work at the height, is more reliable. The authors proposed the new technical solutions of compiling such anchor points for the airlines of communications and electric power lines. Anchor the points proposed are applicable as for the existing supports, and also can be used already at the stage buildings LEP. The application of such anchor points will make it possible to reduce the level of production traumatism with performing of work at the height.

Keywords: work at the height, building, safety, support, LEP, anchor point

Vladimir A. Senchenko – Head of Volgograd Center of Labour Protection and Ecology, e-mail: Vladimir.Senchenko@south.rt.ru.

Sergey A. Karaush – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: karaush@tsuab.ru.

Tatyana T. Kaverzneva – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, e-mail: kaverztt@mail.ru.

Vitaly S. Serdyuk – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: bgd.omgtu@gmail.ru.

1. Pushenko S.L., Staseva E.V. Analiz i profilaktika proizvodstvennogo travmatizma pri vozvedenii vysotnyh zdanij i vypolnenii rabot na vysote [Analysis and prevention of industrial injuries in the construction of high-rise buildings and work at height]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura, 2016, no. 44-2(63), pp. 157-165.

2. Goncharova M. A., Brink I. YU. Normativno-zakonodatel'naya baza, primenimaya k vysotnym rabotam metodom promyshlennogo al'pinizma [Legislative and regulatory framework applicable to high-altitude works by the method of industrial mountaineering]. Molodoj uchenyj, 2016, no. 25, pp. 466-471, available at: https://moluch.ru/archive/129/35676/ (accessed 02 October 2018).

3. Petrov S., Dyshlevich S. VL dlya linejnyh potrebitelej magistral'nyh gazoprovodov. Osobennosti proektirovaniya [Overhead power lines for line consumers of main gas pipelines. Design features]. Novosti ehlektrotekhniki, 2017, no. 4 (106), available at: http://www.news.elteh.ru/arh/ 2017/106/06.php (accessed 02 October 2018).

4. Bokov G., ZHulev A. Derevyannye opory dl VL s primeneniem SIP. Obzor zarubezhnoj praktiki [Wooden support for overhead power lines with the use of CCS. Overview of foreign practice]. Novosti ehlektrotekhniki, 2013, no. 2 (80), available at: http://www.news.elteh.ru/arh/ 2013/80/10.php (accessed 02 October 2018).

5. Bocharov YU.N., ZHuk V.V. Kompozitnye opory. Perspektivy primeneniya dlya VL 110-750 kV [Composite supports. Prospects for the use of overhead lines of 110-750 kV]. Novosti ehlektrotekhniki, 2012, no. 1 (73), available at: http://www.news.elteh.ru/arh/2012/73/03.php (accessed 02 October 2018).

6. Byk F., Levin V., Danilov G., Goldobin D. Kompozitnye opory. EHffektivnost' i osnovnye problemy [Composite supports. Efficiency and key challenges]. Novosti ehlektrotekhniki, 2013, no. 4 (82), available at: http:// http://www.news.elteh.ru/arh/2013/ 82/10.php (accessed 02 October 2018).

7. Kaverzneva T.T., Mazurenko K.S. Kontrol' bezopasnosti pri provedenii rabot na vysote [Safety control during work at height]. Sbornik trudov Nauchnogo foruma s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Nedelya nauki SPBPU», Saint Petersburg, 01-06 December 2014. SPBPU, Gravit, 2015, pp. 187-190.

8. Senchenko V.A. Bezopasnost' na vysote: vozdushnye linii svyazi [Safety at height: aerial connection line]. Sanehpidkontrol'. Ohrana truda, 2016, no. 3, pp. 37-42.

9. Senchenko V.A., Karaush S.A., Gerasimova O.O., Kaverzneva T.T. Osobennosti organizacii stroitel'stva i remonta ploskih krysh v svyazi s prinyatiem novyh dokumentov po ohrane truda [Features of the organization of construction and repair of flat roofs in connection with the adoption of new documents on labor protection]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta, 2017, no. 3 (62), pp. 152-160.

10. Stupakov A.A. Organizaciya, oborudovanie i bezopasnost' vysotnyh rabot v stroitel'stve i ehkspluatacii vysotnyh zdanij i sooruzhenij [Organization, equipment and safety of high-rise works in the construction and operation of high-rise buildings and structures]. Mekhanizaciya stroitel'stva, 2013, no. 12 (834), pp. 45-48.

11. Senchenko V.A., Karaush S.A. Sozdanie ankernoj tochki na opore kak ehlementa obespecheniya bezopasnosti rabot na vysote [Creation of an anchor point on a support as an element of safety of works at height]. Vestnik Permskogo nacional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura, 2016, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13–17.

12. Traversa opory vozdushnoj linii ehlektroperedach. Patent Rossiskaia Federatia no. 167281 (2016).

13. Senchenko V.A., Karaush S.A. Ankernaya tochka na opore kak ehlement obespecheniya bezopasnosti rabot na vysote [Anchor point on a support as an element of safety of works at height]. Stroitel'stvo: novye tekhnologii – novoe oborudovanie, 2016, no. 7, pp. 50-53.

14. Konstrukciya dlya krepleniya sredstv zashchity rabotayushchih na dlinnomernyh vysotnyh oporah. Patent Rossiskaia Federatia no.167382 (2016).

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The results of the determination of the optimal compositions of highly porous ceramics using loam, ash, cullet and gas analyzer of aluminum powder using the method of mathematical experiment planning are presented in the article. The solution of this problem was obtained with the use of specially developed programs for a personal computer (Mathcad-14 system).

The influence of the composition of the initial mixture on two target output variables characterizing the quality of the product obtained was studied: strengthoftheproduct and thermal conductivity of the product.

The obtained adequate mathematical model makes it possible to search for optimal regime parameters of the process that ensure minimum thermal conductivity and maximum strength of the product when searching for the optimum in the range of search constraints of the optimum. Having carried out simulation modeling using equations and found model parameters, graphs of dependences of the strength and thermal conductivity of the product on the content of loam, ash and cullet have been obtained.

The most significant factors increasing the strength are the content of loam and cullet.

The most significant factors reducing the coefficient of thermal conductivity are the content of loam and cullet. With an increase in the amount of ash in the compositions, the thermal conductivity of the calcined samples increases. Nevertheless, it is possible to isolate the limiting dosages of sols in the compositions in which it is possible to obtain samples with high performance properties.

The most important factors for molding are the content of loam, the water-clay ratio, the temperature of the mixing water. The content of cullet is the most important factor for the strength of the samples. The content of ash helps to reduce the draft of the porous mass, and the set of structural grounds is more intense. With the increase in the amount of ash in the compositions, the water absorption of the calcined samples increases, however, it is possible to isolate the limiting dosages of the sols in the composition in which it is ensured that samples with high performance properties are obtained.

Keywords: loam, ash, cullet, aluminum powder, mathematical experiment planning, planning matrix, highly porous gas-ceramics, firing, strength, thermal conductivity, properties

Aimakhambet A. Sagyndykov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: ernur.abutalipov 98 @ mail.ru.

Zhanna B. Alimbaeva – Competitor.

Kanat S. Zhylysbaev – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor.

Yernur Ay. Abutalipov – Student.

1. Ezersky V.A., Koroviakov V.F., Krolevetsky D.V. Tekhnologiia penokeramicheskikh stenovykh i teploizolyatsionnykh izdelii [Technology of foam-ceramic wall and heat-insulating products]. Roofing and insulation materials. 2006, no. 1, pp. 68-69.

2. Vereshchagin V.I. Keramicheskie teploizolyatsionnye materialy iz prirodnogoitekhnogen-nogo syr'ya Sibiri [Ceramic heat-insulating materials from natural and technical raw materials of Siberia]. Building materials, 2000, no. 4, pp. 34-35.

3. Kuksa P.B. Vysokoporistye keramicheskie izdeliya, poluchennye netraditsionnym sposobom [Highly porous ceramic products obtained by a non-traditional method]. Building materials, 2004, no. 2, pp. 34-35.

4. Zavadsky V.F., Putrou N.B. Porizovannaya stroitel'naya keramika [Porosity building ceramics]. Novosibirsk, 2005, 101 p.

5. Shayakhmetov U.S., Murzakova A.R. Tekhnologiya nanostrukturirovannoj steklokristallicheskoj penokeramiki [Technology of nanostructured glasscrystalline foam ceramics]. Bulletin of the Bashkir University, 2014, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 828-829.

6. Shlykov D.V. Konstruktsionno-teploizolyatsionnyj material na osnove zolootkhodov
[A structural-heat-insulating material based on ash waste]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo, 2000,
no. 2-3, pp. 80-82.

7. Togzhanov I.A. Vliyanie temperaturno-gazovoj sredy obzhiga na formirovanieporistoj struktury zolokeramiki [Influence of the temperature-gaseous firing medium on the formation of a porous structure of gold ceramics]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo, 2001, no. 6, pp. 60-63.

8. Rumyantsev B.M., Zaytseva E.I. Poluchenie teploizolyatsionnykh materialov iz stekloboya [Obtaining insulating materials from cullet]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo, 2002, no. 8, pp. 24-26.

9. Zhernovaia N.F, Doroganov E.A, Zhernovoi F.E, Stepina I.N. Issledovanie materi-alov,poluchennykh spekaniem v sisteme «glina-stekloboj» [Research of materials obtained by sintering in the system of "clay-cullet"]. Vestnik BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov, 2013, no. 1, pp. 20-23.

10. Bezborodov V.G., Medentsev L.F, Medentsova N.L. Vliyanie mekhanoaktivatsii syr'evoj smesi i stepnei dispersnosti flyusuyushhego komponenta na strukturu i svojstva penokeramiki na osnove suglinka [Effect of mechanical activation raw mixture and steppe dispersion fluxing component on the structure and properties of ceramic foam based on loam]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo, 2014. no. 27, pp. 26-31.

11. Akhnazarova S.L., Kafarov V.V. Metody optimizatsii ehksperimenta v khimicheskoj tekhnologii: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Methods of experiment optimization in chemical technology: A manual for universities]. 2nd ed. Moscow, Vysshaia Shcola, 1985, 327 p.

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Neighborhood models are used to represent complex spatially distributed objects and processes, they are a promising direction for modeling such production systems as steelmaking, cement production, wastewater treatment processes and others. In this article, the neighborhood approach is used to model the wear of structural elements of the carriageways of bridge structures. Definitions are given to such concepts as a bridge structure, operational requirement, wear and tear, overhaul. The purpose of the elements of the bridge structure is described, the most frequently encountered defects are listed, which affect the wear of the bridge structure. The main elements of the carriageway, connected with the traffic intensity, are considered. A linear dynamic discrete neighborhood model of the wear process of the elements of the bridge structure is constructed. The average relative error of identification is calculated, a conclusion is made about the adequacy of the constructed model.

Keywords: transport-operational condition, bridge structure, wear, dynamic linear neighborhood model

Boris A. Bondarev – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: LNSP-48@mail.ru.

Irina A. Sedykh – Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics Sciences, Associate Professor, e-mail: sedykh-irina@yandex.ru.

Аnastsiia М. Smetannikova – Student, e-mail: n.smetannickowa@yandex.ru.

1. Livshits Ya.D., Vinogradsky D.Yu., Rudenko Yu.D. Аvtodorozhnye mosty (Proezzhaya chast') [Road bridges (Roadway)]. Kiev, Budivelnik, 1980, 160 p.

2. Ovchinnikov I.G., Shcherbakov А.G., Diad'kin S.N., Ratkin V.V. Proezzhaya chast' avtodorozhnykh mostov: dorozhnaya odezhda, gidroizolyatsiya, vodootvod [Roadway bridges: road clothing, waterproofing, drainage]. Saratov, SGTU, 2003, 207 p.

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4. Vasil'ev А. I. Otsenka tekhnicheskogo sostoianiya mostovykh sooruzhenii [Assessment of technical condition of bridge structures]. Moscow, KNORUS, 2019, 256 p.

5. Potapkin А.А. Otsenka resursov mostov s uchetom defektov i povrezhdenij [Assessment of bridge resources taking into account defects and damages]. Vestnik mostostroeniya, 1997,
no. 3, pp. 22–23.

6. Ovchinnikov I.G., Ovchinnikov I.I. Dorozhnaia odezhda na mostovykh sooruzheniiakh: otechestvennyi i zarubezhnyi opyt [Road pavement at bridges: domestic and foreign experience]. Naukovedenie, 2014, no. 5 (24), available at: http://naukovedenie.ru/ (accessed 14 May 2018).

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8. Nevolin A.P., Bogoiavlenskii N.A., Syrkov A.V. Ekspluatatsiia mostov Ch. 1. Osobennosti ekspluatatsii zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii mostov [Operation of bridge. Part. 1: features of operation of reinforced concrete structures of bridges: study guide]. Perm, Permskii natsional'nyi issledovatel'skii politekhnicheskii universitet, 2012, 173 p.

9. Gulitskaia L.V., Shimanskaia O.S. Аnaliz tekhniko-ehkspluatatsionnogo sostoyaniia zhelezobetonnykh plitnykh proletnykh stroenii avtodorozhnykh mostovykh sooruzhenii [An analysis of the technical and operational condition of plate concrete superstructures of highway bridges]. Transport. Transportnye sooruzheniya. Ehkologiya, 2017, no. 1, pp. 35-45.

10. Botyanovskij А.А., Pastushkov V.G. Primenenie BIM-tekhnologij i novej-shego oborudovaniya pri obsledovanii fakticheskogo tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya mostovogo sooruzheniya [The use of BIM-technologies and the latest equipment in the survey of the actual technical condition of the bridge structure]. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi naucho-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Modernizatsiya i nauchnye issledovaniya v transportnom komplekse. Perm, PNIPU, 2015, pp. 342-345.

11. Shmyrin A.M., Sedykh I.A., Smetannikova A.M., Nikiforova E.Yu. Okrestnostnoe modelirovanie protsessa ochistki stochnykh vod [Surrounding modeling of sewage treatment process]. Bulletin of TSU. Series of Natural and Technical Sciences, 2017, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 596-604.

12. Sedykh I.A., Smetannikova A.M. Proverka ustoichivosti lineinykh dinamicheskikh okrestnostnykh modelei protsessa ochistki stochnykh vod [Verification of the stability of linear dynamic neighborhood models of wastewater treatment]. Materials of the regional profile seminar "School of Young Scientists" on the problems of technical sciences, 17 November 2017, Lipetsk, 2017, pp. 125-129.

13. Sedykh I.A., Smetannikova A.M. Primenenie paketa MATHLAB dlia parametricheskoi identifikatsii okrestnostnykh modelei na osnove geneticheskikh algoritmov [Application of the MATHLAB package for parametric identification of neighborhood models based on genetic algorithms]. Vestnik VSU. System analysis and information technology, 2017, pp. 24-29.

14. Sedykh I.A. Upravlenie dinamicheskimi okrestnostnymi modeliami s peremennymi okrestnostiami [Control of dynamic neighborhood models with variable neighborhoods]. Control Systems and Information Technology, 2018, no. 1 (71), pp. 18-23.

15. Sedykh I.A., Smetannikova A.M. [Parametric identification of the neighborhood model by means of a genetic algorithm and pseudo-inversion]. Interactive science, 2017, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 113-116.

The article discusses the pile indentation equipment for dive prefabricated reinforced concrete piles which is used in clay soils in urban environments. It was developed in 2003 and intended for dive reinforced concrete piles of different cross-sectional (square, round, prismatic, ring, etc.) length from 5 to 12 meters. Different modifications (SVU-1, SVU-2 and SVU-3) have been prepared during the period of equipment’s exploitation. They have dived more than 35,000 prefabricated concrete piles in Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo and other cities of Russia. In 2011 specialists of "FundamentSpetsStroy" (Tomsk) and specialists from the Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar) developed a special device-meter, which provides to get information on the efforts of the indentation piles at predetermined elevations. The article describes a structure of the device and its operating principle. The principle of device based on the conversion parameters of pressure hydraulic system of pile indentation equipment during the pile diving into an electrical signal that is converted to digital information. Experimental studies were carried out for three main variants of soil conditions: homogeneous soils, heterogeneous soils and soil frozen from the surface of the base. All experimental sites are located in Tomsk. Before each study was carried out calibration of the device. The article presents the main results of the effort indentation of piles, also tables of received values and graphics. The article performed an analysis and the generalization of the results of experimental research.

Keywords: Prefabricated concrete piles, pile indentation equipment, finding of effort indentation, load-bearing capacity of piles

Anatoliy I. Polyschyk – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: ofpai@mail.ru.

Sergey S. Nyikin – Postgraduate Student, e-mail: nuismith@yandex.ru.

1. Yushchube S.V., Polishchuk A.I., Andrienko Yu.B., Nuikin S.S. Ustanovka dlya pogruzheniya svaj vdavlivaniem [Equipment for pile indentation]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 2206664 (2003).

2. Polishchuk A.I. Analiz gruntovyh uslovij stroitel'stva pri proektirovanii fundamentov zdanij [Analys of soil conditions in construction in design of building’s foundations]. Moscow, ASV, 2016, 104 pp.

3. Ponomaryov A.B., Sychkina E.N. Analysis of strain anisotropy and hydroscopic property of clay and claystone. Applied Clay Science, 2015, vol. 114, pp. 161-169.

4. Smolyanickij L.A. Inzhenerno-geologicheskie i geotekhnicheskie izyskaniya dlya stroitel'stva [Engineering geological and geotechnical surveys for construction]. Moscow, ASV, 2017, 248 p.

5.. Polishchuk A.I., Nuikin S.S. Sovershenstvovanie sposoba ustrojstva svaj vdavlivaniem na ploshchadkah gorodskoj zastrojki [Perfection of the method of piling with indentation in urban development sites]. Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura, 2014, no. 3, pp. 52-59.

6. Mangushev R.A., Osokin A.I., Usmanov R.A. Ustrojstvo i rekonstrukciya osnovanij i fundamentov na slabyh i strukturno-neustojchivyh gruntah [Arrangement and reconstruction of foundations and foundations on weak and structurally unstable soils]. Ed. R.A. Mangushev. Saint Petersburg, Lan', 2018, 460 p.

7. A.I. Polishchuk, S.S. Nuikin. Kombinirovannyj sposob pogruzheniya svai [Combined way of pile indentation]. Patent Rossiiskaia Federatsiia no. 2593517 (2016).

8. Mangushev R.A., Znamenskij V.V., Gotman A.L., Ponomarev A.B. Svai i svajnye fundamenty. Konstrukcii, proektirovanie i tekhnologii [Piles and pile foundations. Constructions, design and technology]. 2nd ed. Moscow, ASV, 2018, 320 p.

9. Pronozin Ya.A., Epifanceva L.R., Naumkina Y.V., Mel'nikov R.V. Perspektivnye fundamenty na sil'noszhimaemyh gruntovyh osnovaniyah. [Perspective foundations on highly compressible soil bases]. Moscow, ASV, 2017, 350 p.

10. Zocenko M. L., Kovalenko V. І., YAkovlєv A. V., Petrakov O. O., Shvec' V. B., Shkola O. V., Bіda SV., Vinnikov Y. L. Іnzhenerna geologіya. Mekhanіka gruntіv, osnovi і fundamenti [Engineering geology. Mechanics of soils, bases and foundations]. Poltava, Poltavs'kii nacіonal'nii tekhnіchnii unіversitet іmenі Yurіya Kondratyuka, 2003, 560 p.

11. Mangushev R.A., Ershov A.V., Osokin A.I. Sovremennye svajnye tekhnologii. [Modern pile technology]. Moscow, ASV, 2010, 235 p.

12. Spravochnik geotekhnika. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i podzemnye sooruzheniya [Reference book of geotechnics. Bases, foundations and underground structures]. 2nd ed. Eds. V.A. Il'ichev, R.A. Mangushev. Moscow, ASV, 2016, 1040 p.

13. Braja M. Das. Principles of foundation engineering. 6th ed. Thomson India, 2006, 480 p.

14. Braja M. Das. Shallow foundations bearing capacity and settlement. 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2017, 408 p.

15. Nevzorov A.L. Osnovaniya i fundamenty. Posobie po raschetu i konstruirovaniyu [Bases and foundations. Computation and design manual. Moscow, ASV, 2018, 154 p.

The article deals with the results of numerical studies of the operation of bored conical piles in clay soils. Buroinjection conical piles allow, due to the features of the constructive solution and the technology of their manufacture, to significantly expand the scope of their application in the structure of pile foundations. Due to the use of such piles, the material consumption of pile foundations is reduced and the duration of construction of buildings and structures is shortened. Analysis of the technical literature shows that the interaction of boron-injected conical piles with clay soil of the base has not yet been studied sufficiently. The main influence on the work of such piles in clayey soils is provided by the strength characteristics (specific adhesion c, angle of internal friction φ) and the angle of inclination of the lateral face of the conical piles α to the vertical. These data were taken as the main parameters in conducting numerical studies. The article deals with the operation of single boring injected conical piles with a length of 7 to 11 m in clay soils under the action of static compressive loads. To assess the performance of such piles in the Midas GTS PC, a calculation model was developed on the basis of which calculations were made in a nonlinear setting and their precipitation was established. The ground conditions of the construction site were represented by homogeneous clay soils. The results of numerical studies show the effect of the strength characteristics of clay soils (c, φ) and the angle of inclination of the lateral face (α) to the vertical on the sediments (displacements) of the drilling-injection conical piles. Based on the results of numerical calculations and analysis of the obtained data, dependences are obtained that testify to the effectiveness of the application of boring injected conical piles with respect to the cylindrical piles in clay soils.

Keywords: drilling and injection conical and cylindrical piles of various lengths, sediment, strength characteristics, clayey soils, numerical studies, interaction of piles with clay soil, bearing capacity of piles, efficiency of conical piles with respect to cylindrical piles

Denis A. Chernyavskiy – Senior Lecturer, e-mail: asp_projekt93@mail.ru.

1. Vertynskij O.S. Opredelenie nesushhei sposobnosti nabivnykh konicheskikh svai [Determination of the bearing capacity of conical piles of printed]. Аrkhitektura i stroitel'stvo. Vestnik SGTU, 2006, no. 4 (16), iss. 1, pp. 77 - 81.

2. Chmshkyan А.V. Vzaimodejstvie konicheskogo shtampa s neodnorodnym osnovaniem [Interaction of a conical stamp with a non-uniform base]. Inzhenernyj vestnik Dona, 2012, no. 4 (Part 2), available at: ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/n4p2y2012/1391 (accessed 05 May 2018).

3. Ponomarev А.B., Zakharov А.V., Sursanov D.N. K voprosu ispol'zovaniia verkhnepermskikh otlozhenii v kachestve gruntovykh osnovanii [The use of upper Permian sediments as ground bases]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo universiteta. Urbanistika, 2011, no. 1(1), pp. 74-80/

4. Adejumo T.W. Effects of shape and technology of installation on the bearing capacity of pile foundations in layered soil. Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2015; 3(2A): pp. 104-111.

5. Ghazavi M. Bearing capacity of tapered and step-tapered piles subjected to axial compressive loading. Proceedings of 7th International Conference On Coastal. Ports & Marine Structures, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran, 2006, vol. 6.

6. M. Hesahm El Naggar. Experimental study of axial behaviour of tapered piles. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1998, vol. 35, pp. 641-654.

7. Nordlund R.L. Bearing capacity of piles in cohnesionless soils. Journal of the soil mechanics and foundation division, 1963, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 1-35.

8. Robinsky E.I., Sagar W.L, Morrison C.F. Effect of shape and volume on the capacity of model piles in sand. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1964, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 189-204.

9. Zarbuev L.M., Lykshitov B.V. Metody rascheta piramidal'nykh svai po dvum gruppam predel'nykh sostoianii [Methods of calculation of pyramidal piles by two groups of limit states]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2004, no. 4, pp. 34-36.

10. Jin Qi Wei. Experimental investigation of tapered piles. London, The University of Western Ontario, 1998.

11. Polishhuk А.I., Tarasov А.А. Otsenka nesushhei sposobnosti injektsionnykh svai v slabykh glinistykh gruntakh dlia fundamentov rekonstruiruemykh zdanii [Assessment of bearing capacity of injection piles in weak clay soils for foundations of reconstructed buildings]. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2017, no. 1, pp. 21-26.

12. Shadunts K.S. O vzaimodejstvii bokovoj poverkhnosti svaj s okruzhayushhim ikh gruntom osnovaniya [On the interaction of the lateral surface of piles with the surrounding Foundation soil]. Politematicheskij setevoj ehlektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta (Nauchnyj zhurnal KubGАU), 2006, no. 03(019), pp. 27 – 36, available at: http://ej.kubagro.ru/2006/03/pdf/03.pdf (accessed 15 May 2018).

13. Eshhenko O.Yu., Cyernyavskij D.А. Аnkernaia svaia [Anchor pile]. Patent Rossiiskaya Federatsiia no. 2425924 (2012).

14. Eshhenko O.Yu., Cyernyavskij D.А. Multikornevoi gruntovyi anker [Multi-root ground anchor]. Patent Rossijskaya Federatsiya no. 2452815 (2012).

15. Bartolomej А.А., Bakholdin B.V., Yushkov B.S., Ponomaryov А.B., Sosnovskikh L.V. Rekomendatsii po primeneniiu polykh konicheskikh svai povyshennoi nesushhei sposobnosti. V razvitie trebovanii SNiP 2.02.03-85 "Svainye fundamenty" [Recommendations for the use of hollow conical piles of increased bearing capacity. In development of requirements of SNiP 2.02.03-85 "Pile foundations"]. Perm, Permskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet, 1995, 27 p.

16. Chernyavskij D.А, Eshhenko O.YU. Osobennosti raschyota buroinjektsionnykh svai metodom konechnykh ehlementov v glinistykh gruntakh [Features of calculation of bored piles by finite element method in clay soils]. Vestnik TGАSU, 2016, no. 2, pp. 184-193.

When building structures on wetlands with peat deposits of 3­–4 m thickness, the footings on a sand bed ensure in many cases more efficient design decisions if compared with pile foundations. But foundation settlement developing as a result sand bed horizontal deformations, which are difficult to estimate, provide quite a problem in designing them. The article describes results of physical modeling in laboratory box for sand beds arranged in a peat layer with reinforcing materials placed according to various methods.

The experiments were carried out with horizontal reinforcement without anchoring the edges of the sheets, with folding them into the body of the bed and with fixing them to sand bags. The S-shaped arrangement of reinforcing material, casing of geosynthetics with stitched edges of sheets as well as several casings of low height, including prestressed reinforcing material were modeled. A rectangular plate was placed on the surface of the sand bed. The load to the plate was applied with a pneumatic cylinder and it achieved 750 kPa to the ground in the course of the experiments. The settlement of the plate was measured by an electronic sensor. The displacement of sand particles was registered by a digital camera through a glass wall of the box and the obtained camera images were processed with special software PIVview 2C 10 Demo v 3.8. The results are provided as plate settlement vs load pressure.

The experiments showed that bed multilayer reinforcement with anchoring edges allows to ensure the required values of settlement provided given bed sizes. The most efficient arrangement is one made of low height casings. Models with unyielding edge reinforcement or with prestressed sheets of reinforcement material are characterized by low settlements at first phases of plate loading and high bearing capacity. After breaking of reinforcement layers the deformations develop progressively and the foundation loses its stability. Yielding anchoring allows distributing stresses between reinforcing material and soil, thus excluding breaking of sheets and fast settlement developing.

Keywords: sand bed, peat, geosynthetics, soil reinforcement, foundation settlement, physical modeling

Alexey M. Shiranov – Postgraduate Student, e-mail: alexeyshiranov@gmail.com.

Alexandr L. Nevzorov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, e-mail: a.l.nevzorov@yandex.ru.

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3. Shukla S.K., Yin J.H. Fundamentals of Geosynthetic Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, UK, 2006, 410 p.
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8. Khristov H. Sankt-Peterburg, 1889 g.: Pervoe fotograficheskoe issledovanie processa razrusheniya grunta pod fundamentom [The first photographic study of the process of soil destruction under the foundation]. Saint Petersburg, 2003.
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10.  Jones B.R., Jacobsz S.W., J.L. van Rooy. A qualitative model study on the effect of geosynthetics foundation reinforcement in sand overlying very soft clay. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 2016, vol. 58 (2), pp. 25-34.
11.  Chen Q. An experimental study on characteristics and behavior of reinforced soil foundation. Abstract of Doctor’s degree dissertation. Baton Rouge, USA, 2007, 22 p.
12.  Cheng H. et al. An analytical solution for geotextile-wrapped soil based on insights from DEM analysis. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2017, no. 45, pp. 361-375. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.05.001.
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15.  McMahon B.T., Bolton M.D. Experimentally observed settlements beneath shallow foundations on sand. Geotechnics of Hard Soils – Weak Rocks. Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Athens, 2011, P. 749.

The article reviews the existing methods for calculating the frozen wall thickness for mine shafts under construction. The hypotheses and assumptions used by different authors for deriving formulas for calculating the frozen wall thickness are analyzed. The classification of existing formulas is made according to two criteria: the boundary state of stress (calculation for strength) and boundary state of deformation (calculation for creep). A quantitative comparison of various formulas for calculating the frozen wall thickness in the boundary state of stress for an elastic-plastic layer of clay is made. It is found that the Lame formula in this case gives an overestimated frozen wall thickness and is applicable only for depths up to 100 m. The Domke formula is applicable at depths up to 200 m. The Vyalov's formula for the design frozen wall thickness calculated from the boundary state of stress is gently sloping with the increase of depth and applicable for large depths. The formulas of Yang and Zhang allow us to reduce the design value of the thickness, calculated by the Vyalov formula, by 30-40% due to the consideration of elastoplastic deformation of thawed soil and also applicable for large depths. It is shown that the design frozen wall thickness, calculated according to the Vyalov formula for boundary state of deformation, can be significantly higher than the thickness calculated from the boundary state of stress, in the case when the soils have pronounced creep. A practical example is given for calculating the thickness of the frozen wall for boundary state of stress and deformation for the constructed shafts for a mine of Belaruskali company.

Keywords: frozen wall, artificial ground freezing, strength calculation, structural analysis, Mohr-Coulomb criterion, comparative analysis

Lev Iu. Levin – Doctor of Technical Sciences, e-mail: aerolog_lev@mail.ru.

Mikhail A. Semin – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, e-mail: seminma@outlook.com.

Oleg A. Plekhov – Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, e-mail: poa@icmm.ru.

1. Chubik I. A., Maslov A. M. Spravochnik po teplofizicheskim harakteristikam pishchevyh produktov i polufabrikatov [Reference book on thermophysical characteristics of food products and semi-finished products]. Moscow, Pishchevaya promyshlennost', 1970, 184 p.
2. Harris J.S. Ground Freezing in Practice. Thomas Telford Limited, 1995, 290 p.
3. Vyalov S.S. Prochnost' i polzuchest' merzlyh gruntov, i raschety ledogruntovyh ograzhdenij [Strength and creep of frozen soils, and calculations of ice-ground fences]. Moscow, Akademiia nauk SSSR, 1962, 253 p.
4. Trupak N.G. Zamorazhivanie gornyh porod pri prohodke stvolov [The freezing of rocks in the shaft sinking]. Moscow, Ugletekhizdat, 1954, 896 p.
5. Man'kovskij G.I. Special'nye sposoby prohodki gornyh vyrabotok [Special methods of excavation]. Moscow, Ugletekhizdat, 1958, 454 p.
6. Amosov P.V., Lukichev S.V., Nagovicyn O.V. Vliyanie poristosti porodnogo massiva i temperatury hladonositelya na skorost' sozdaniya sploshnogo ledoporodnogo ograzhdeniya [The influence of porosity of rock mass and coolant temperature on the rate of creation of a solid ice barrier]. Vestnik Kol'skogo nauchnogo centra RAN, 2016, no. 4 (27), pp. 43-50.
7. Levin L.Yu., Semin M.A., Parshakov O.S. Mathematical prediction of frozen wall thickness in shaft sinking. Journal of Mining Science, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 154–161.
8. Levin L.Yu., Semin M.A., Zaitsev A.V. Solution of an inverse Stefan problem in analyzing the freezing of groundwater in a rock mass. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 2018, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 611-618.
9. Vitel M., Rouabhi A., Tijani M., Guerin F. Modeling heat transfer between a freeze pipe and the surrounding ground during artificial ground freezing activities. Computers and Geotechnics, 2015, vol. 63, pp. 99-111.
10. Andersland O.B., Ladanyi B. An introduction to frozen ground engineering. Springer US, 1994, 352 p.
11. Kim Y.S., Kang J.-M., Lee J., Hong S.-S., Kim K.-J. Finite Element Modeling and Analysis for Artificial Ground Freezing in Egress Shafts. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2012, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 925–932.
12. Yang W.-H., Du Z.-B., Yang Z.-J., Bo D.-L. Plastic design theory of frozen soil wall based on interaction between frozen soil wall and surrounding. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1857–1862.
13. Zhang B., Yang W., Wang B. Plastic design theory of frozen wall thickness in an ultradeep soil layer considering large deformation characteristics. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018, 10 p.
14. Wang Y.S., Yang Z., Yang W. Viscoelastic analysis of interaction between freezing wall and outer shaft wall in freeze sinking. The 6th International Conference on Mining Science & Technology, 2009, pp. 612-620.
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Development of air conditioning systems require to solve problem of a selection of the coolant which transfers heat from the air coolers to the evaporator of the refrigeration machine and from the condenser of one to the heat recovery units. To increase the reliability of the system and to avoid the possibility of freezing aqueous solutions of various chemical compounds, such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, calcium chloride salts and sodium chloride, as well as aqueous solutions of alcohol, can be used. An essential indicator in the operation of central air conditioning systems is the toxicity of the coolants. For this reason, air conditioning systems with an aqueous solution of propylene glycol are widely used.

This paper is a case study of thermal parameters of conditioning systems using two intermediate heat-transfer agents: water and propylene glycol. The main laws determining thermal and hydraulic properties of conditioning system are presented. A comparative calculation of the thermophysical parameters of the air conditioning system for specific conditions of its operation is performed. As a conclusion, we consider applicability for each of two agents subject to terms and initial conditions in working areas where the conditioning system is used.

Keywords: thermal conditions, heat transfer, air conditioning system, intermediate coolant, thermal properties, propylene glycol

Lev Iu. Levin – Doctor of Technical Sciences, e-mail: aerolog_lev@mail.ru.

Yurii А. Klyukin – Leading Engineer, e-mail: aeroyuri@gmail.com.

Maksim D. Popov – Engineer, e-mail: maxpan09@gmail.com.

1. Galkin M.L. Povyshenie ehnergoehffektivnosti i promyshlennoj bezopasnosti sistem kholodosnabzheniya s promezhutochnym khladonositelem [Improving energy efficiency and industrial safety of cooling systems with intermediate coolant]. Doctor’s degree dissertation. Moscow, 2013.
2. Nechaeva A.A., Burkov A.I., Mishneva G.S. Problemy mikroklimata uzlov sviazi i telekommunikatsionnykh tsentrov [Problems of climate units of communication and telecommunications centres.]. Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitelʹstvo i arkhitektura, 2017, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 27–35. DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2017.2.03
3. Levin L.Iu., Semin M.A., Kliukin Iu.A. Ottsenka effektivnosti sistemy raspredelennoi podachi okhlazhdennogo vozdukha kak sposoba upravleniia mikroklimaticheskimi parametrami shakht [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the distributed cooling air supply system as a method of controlling the microclimatic parameters of mines]. Gornyĭ informatsionno-analiticheskii biulletenʹ, MGGU, 2013, no. 12, pp. 185 – 189.
4. Conde M. Engineering. Thermophysical properties of brines, Zurich, 2011.
5. Levin L.Iu. Razrabotka shakhtnoĭ podzemnoĭ ustanovki kondit͡sionirovaniia vozdukha dlia uslovii glubokogo rudnika “Taimyrskii” [Development of the underground mine the air-conditioning system for a deep mine “Taimyr”]. Strategiia i protsessy osvoeniia georesursov. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Perm, 2013, pp. 253 – 255.
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The problems in the operation of old buildings is the deterioration of the soil characteristics of the base, associated with their soaking due to leakage of communications. Earthworks near such objects should be carried out with the use of technologies that exclude further additional sediment of the existing building.

The article presents the results of numerical studies to assess the impact of deterioration of the soil characteristics of the base on the additional sediments of the area in the passage near the trench. When carrying out numerical modeling of soil characteristics for soft-plastic and fluid-plastic soil consistencies are taken on the basis of the results of previous laboratory tests conducted by the authors, for refractory and fluid soil consistencies – based on the values presented in the normative and reference literature.

Numerical simulation was performed for two variants of the development of the trench – without the mounting and fastening of the walls. Numerical simulation for the first variant was performed using only the Mora-Coulomb model, for the second – additionally calculations with the model of hardening soil were carried out. The calculations are made for the most unfavorable variants of the location of the soil soaking areas in the base of the existing building, in which the sole of the Foundation is completely located on weak soil. For the case with mounting of the walls was chosen two options for fencing: horizontal, continuous and mixed.

In the simulation results were obtained, allowing to identify the most adverse cases of soaking the base, leading to additional precipitation of the building in the development of trenches more than the maximum allowable. It should be noted that the correct choice of soil model is an important task in the performance of numerical modeling. The use of the model of hardening soil in the simulation of the development of the trench allowed to apply the most rational from an economic point of view the type of protection of the pit.

It should be noted that if there are areas of soil at the base of the existing building with deteriorated characteristics of the work on the replacement of communications should be accompanied by monitoring of the existing building.

Keywords: numerical simulation, model Mohr-Coulomb, model Hardening Soil, settlement, flooding, physico-mechanical properties, deterioration of the characteristics of the foundation soil

Svetlana V. Kaloshina – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, e-mail: Kaloshina82@mail.ru.

Marina I. Kudasheva – Engineer, e-mail: Kud-m-i@yandex.ru.

Dmitry G. Zolotozubov – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, e-mail: dddzet@mail.ru.

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