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OF PERM NATIONAL RESEARCH POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY ISSN (Print): 2224-9877 ISSN (Online): 2224-9877 | ||
Influence of the deformation on structure and properties of heusler alloy Ni47Mn42In11 Kaletina Yu.V., Greshnova E.D., Kaletin A.Yu., Pilugin V.P. Received: 29.03.2018 Received in revised form: 29.03.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The influence of different types and conditions of deformation on the structure, the character of the fracture and the properties of the triple Heusler alloy Ni47Mn42In11 was studied. The annealed alloy was deformed by rolling at room temperature and upsetted at temperatures of 77, 300 and 873 K. Strain was varied from 4 to 90%. The structure of the alloy in the annealed condition and after deformation was studied by optical metallography method. The features of the fracture surfaces were revealed with the help of scanning electron microscopy. After annealing the alloy was in polycrystalline condition with an average grain size of ≈200-500 μm. The structure of the annealed alloy at room temperature is two-phase consisting of a high-temperature L21-phase and martensite crystals. On the brittle fracture surfaces martensite packets are detected located at some angle relative to each other. Martensite packets contain predominantly parallel martensitic crystals. After all types of deformation traces of brittle fracture of material with deformed or destroyed martensite crystals are seen on the fracture surfaces. After rolling and upsetting with strain of up to 10 % there are macrocracks passing through the martensite packets on the fracture surfaces. After the upsetting at T = 300 K with the strain up to 90 % microcracks were found within crystals of martensite. After the upsetting at T = 873 K there were not cracks on the fracture surface but a deformed martensite structure was observed. The deformation by rolling resulted in the grain size refinement of the investigated alloy up to 60 μm. After deformation by different methods the microhardness was increased reaching its maximum values after deformation by rolling. As a result of deformation by rolling the average value of the microhardness was increased more than 1,5 times. Keywords: ferromagnetic alloys, martensite, structure, deformation by upsetting, deformation by rolling, microhardness, fracture, grain boundaries, phase transformation, strain. Authors:
Yulia V. Kaletina (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher Scientist, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: kaletina@imp.uran.ru. Ekaterina D. Greshnova (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Junior Researcher Scientist, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: efimova@ imp.uran.ru. Andrey Yu. Kaletin (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher Scientist, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: akalet@imp.uran.ru. Vitaliy P. Pilyugin (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Leading Researcher Scientist, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: pilyugin@imp.uran.ru. References: 1. 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Indutsirovannye magnitnym polem martensitnye prevrashcheniia v splavakh Ni47–xMn42+xIn11 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) [The martensitny transformations induced by magnetic field in alloys Ni47–xMn42+xIn11 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2)]. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie, 2013, vol. 114, iss. 10, pp. 911–918. 12. Kaletina Iu.V., Efimova E.D., Gerasimov E.G., Kaletin A.Iu. Vliianie termotsiklicheskoi obrabotki na strukturu i svoistva splavov na osno-ve Ni−Mn−In [Influence of thermocyclic processing on structure and property of alloys on the basis of Ni−Mn−In]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fiziki, 2016, vol. 86, iss. 1, pp. 155–158. 13. Kaletina Iu.V., Greshnova E.D., Kaletin A.Iu. Struktura i mikrotverdost' trekh-komponentnogo splava Ni–Mn–In posle razlichnykh rezhimov termotsiklicheskoi obrabotki [Structure and microhardness of three-component Ni-Mn-In alloy after various modes of thermocyclic processing]. Pis'ma o materialakh, 2017, vol. 7, iss. 3, pp. 287–291. 14. 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The occurrence and propagation of cracks in products made of heat-resistant nickel alloys during surfacing, welding and additive technologies associated with the use of highly concentrated energy sources is a significant problem that reduces the quality of products. The tendency to form hot cracks in welding and surfacing is determined by the composition and quality of the alloys, structural factors - grain size and structural heterogeneity, composition of filler materials and welding and surfacing technology. When surfacing at low speeds, the rate of crystallization of the weld metal decreases, its area, width and the high-temperature weld zone increase, which causes a decrease in the intensity of the build-up of the welding stresses, which relax in a large volume of the weld and near-shock zone. The paper presents the results of the investigation of the influence of the parameters of the argon-arc and laser surfacing regime on the structure formation, properties and propensity of high-temperature nickel alloys to crack formation under different methods of surfacing. Alloys with a large structural heterogeneity, especially due to dendritic liquation and predominantly with larger grains, have an increased tendency to form hot cracks. The structure of nickel alloys, given a balanced chemical composition, is not always a guarantee of good crack resistance. As practice and results of research show, the choice of technology and parameters of the surfacing regime is often crucial. It has been established that the argon-arc surfacing of a nickel alloy in combination with an additional ultrasonic action creates a modifying effect of increasing the phase dispersion. The combination of favorable structural parameters - fine-grained g-solid solution and increased dispersion of g¢-phase, which is realized under argon-arc surfacing with additional ultrasonic action at optimal conditions, leads to an increase in the microhardness and heat resistance of nickel alloys. Cracks and porosity under the optimal surfacing regime are not fixed. Keywords: nickel alloys, argon-arc surfacing, ultrasonic action, laser surfacing, surfacing modes, metal defectiveness, hot cracks, structure formation, macrostructure, heat resistance. Authors:
Ekaterina A. Krivonosova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: katerinakkkkk@mail.ru. Iurii D. Shchitsyn (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: svarka@pstu.ru. Svetlana N. Akulova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: veta-ru@yandex.ru. Albina V. Myshkina (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: albina_myshkina@ mail.ru Sergey D. Neulybin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate Student, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: sn-1991@mail.ru. Dmitry S. Belinin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph. D. in Technical Sciences, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: 5ly87@mail.ru. References: 1. Malyi A.B. Uluchshenie svarivaemosti splava na nikelevoi osnove ChS-104 putem optimizatsii rezhima termicheskoi obrabotki [Improvement of a svarivayemost of alloy on a nickel basis of ChS-104 by optimization of the mode of heat treatment]. Avtomaticheskaia svarka, 2008, no. 8, pp. 11–14. 2. Korostelev A.B., Zherebtsov S.N., Sokolov I.P., Chumak-Zhun' D.A. Modifitsirovanie zharoprochnykh nikelevykh splavov kompleksnym inokuliatorom [Modifying of heat resisting nickel alloys complex inokulyator]. Metallurg, 2010, no. 10, pp. 73–74. 3. 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Research of the multifactorial dependences of the dimensions of microholes on the basic parameters of the electrical discharge machining Loyko A.M., Boyko A.F. Received: 19.03.2018 Received in revised form: 19.03.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The article presents the results of investigations of the dependences of the diameter of micro-holes on the main parameters of the process of electrical discharge drilling in a hard alloy, including deep microholes with a length-to-diameter ratio of more than 15-20. Based on the results of the multifactorial experiment conducted on the electrical discharge machine model 04EP-10MF2, mathematical models of four-factor dependences of diameters at the inlet and outlet in the form of power and For the mathematical models received, a statistical evaluation of the results of the experiment on the indicator of model adequacy was made. A comparative evaluation of the degree of accuracy of the received models was made by comparing the relative errors at each point in the experimental planning matrix. It is established that the accuracy for linear functions is higher than for power functions, both in terms of the average relative error and the maximum relative error. From the received mathematical models and graphs constructed in accordance with them, it is evident that with an Keywords: electrical discharge machining (EDM), EDM-drilling of microholes, EDM precision, EDM pulse energy, Authors:
Aleksey M. Loyko (Belgorod, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate student, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov; e-mail: lam.bel@mail.ru. Anatoliy F. Boyko (Belgorod, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov; e-mail: boyko_1947@bk.ru. References:
How elastic response affects dimensional geometric characteristics of an extended compact that is been obtained from a waxy material by mouthpiece extrusion Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Sosnin A.A., Bogdanova N.A. Received: 05.03.2018 Received in revised form: 05.03.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The production of cast billets of high accuracy, the surface of which does not require additional machining, is one of the priority production tasks. Investment casting is a method that solve this problem. In the production of melted models by cold pressing of powders of waxy compositions, high dimensional geometric parameters of molded articles are achieved, characterized by the absence of shrinkage defects. However, the elastic response of the compacted material is a disadvantage of this method of forming extended sections of the melted models. This, in some cases, leads to an increase in the dimensions of the compact in the longitudinal pressing direction by 0.7-1.2 %, and in the transverse direction by 0.4-0.5 %. This effect is difficult to predict due to the uneven distribution of density in the volume of the resulting compacts. To design a tools, we need to manage the dimensions of extended compacts, including those with a variable cross-section and complex configuration. The purpose of our experiment is that we want to establish the possibility of controlling the magnitude of the elastic response of an extended section of a melted model obtained by extruding a waxy powder powder through the mouthpiece without preheating it. In this paper we present the results of a series of experiments on the regulation of the magnitude of the elastic response of a material during the simulation of the process of obtaining extended compacts obtained by extrusion through a mouthpiece. The extrusion velocity was a variable parameter in the experiment. The parameters recorded are: the load created in a cylindrical piston filled with a waxy material fraction, the temperature of the extruded material, the density and the magnitude of its elastic response along the length of the resulting compact. The unevenness of the distribution of properties is reduced due to a change in the rate of formation of compacts, this allowed us to predict the final dimensions of the molding, which are important for the design of press tools. Keywords: tension, deformation, porosity, waxy materials, dimensional-geometric accuracy, elastic response, extrusion, density, fraction, smelting model. Authors:
Sergey G. Zhilin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, chief of laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences;e-mail: zhilin@imim.ru. Oleg N. Komarov (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, Leading Researcher Scientist, laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: olegnikolaevitsch@rambler.ru. Aleksandr A. Sosnin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Researcher Scientist, laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: sosnin@ imim.ru. Nina A. Bogdanova (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – engineer, laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: joyful289@inbox.ru. References: 1. Lit'e po vyplavliaemym modeliam [Investment casting] V.N. Ivanov, S.A. Kazennov, B.S. Kurchman. Ed. 2. V.A. Efimov, G.A. Anisovich, V.N. Babich et al. Special'nye sposoby lit'ya [Special ways of casting] spravochnik. Ed. V.A. Efimova. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1991, 436 p. 3. Ivanov V.N. Brak i defekty v lit'e po vyplavlivaemym modeliam [Marriage and defects in casting on the melted models]. Moscow: Mashgiz, 1959, 72 p. 4. Zhilin S.G. Upravlenie strukturoi i svoistvami poristykh kombinirovannykh udaliaemykh modelei [Management of structure and properties of the porous combined deleted models]. Ph. D. thesis. Komsomol'sk-na-Amure, 2002, 218 p. 5. Sapchenko I.G., Potianikhin D.A., Komarov O.N. Mesomechanics of technological properties of powdered polymer compacts in lost wax casting. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014, Vol. 1623, pp. 543–546. 6. Sapchenko I.G., Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N. Vliianie plastichnosti polimernogo poroshkovogo materiala pri pressovanii udaliaemykh modelei na formirovanie ikh napriazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoianiia [Influence of plasticity of polymeric powder material when pressing of the deleted models on formation of their intense deformed state]. Uchenye zapiski Komsomol'skogo-na-Amure gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2013, vol. 1, no. 2(14), pp. 83–89. 7. Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Sosnin A.A. Modelirovanie protsessov obrabotki materialov davleniem na osnove otsenki napriazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoianiia pressovok iz polimernykh model'nykh kompozitsii s ispol'zovaniem metoda konechnykh elementov [Modeling of processing of materials pressure on the basis of assessment of the intense deformed condition of pressings from polymeric model compositions with use of a finite element method]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mashinostroenie, materialovedenie, 2017, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 48–66. 8. Zhilin S.G., Sapchenko I.G., Komarov O.N. Uprugii otklik pressovok pri deformirovanii geterogennykh poroshkovykh materialov [Elastic response of pressings at deformation of heterogeneous powder materials]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni I.Ia. Iakovleva. Mekhanika predel'nogo sostoianiia, 2015, no. 4(26), pp. 163–168. 9. Zhilin S.G., Sapchenko I.G., Komarov O.N. Formirovanie pressovok iz poroshkov polimernykh izotropnykh materialov [Formation of pressings from powders of polymeric isotropic materials]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni I.Ia. Iakovleva. Mekhanika predel'nogo sostoianiia, 2016, no. 2(28), pp. 3–14. 10. Begun A.S., Burenin A.A., Zhilin S.G., Kovtaniuk L.V. Ob uchete uprugikh svoistv viazkoplasticheskoi smazki mezhdu soosnymi vrashchaiushchimisia tsilindrami [About accounting of elastic properties of visco-plastic lubricant between the coaxial rotating cylinders]. Prikladnaia mekhanika i tekhnicheskaia fizika, 2015, vol. 56, no. 3(331), 11. Begun A.S., Burenin A.A., Kovtanyuk L.V. Bol'shie neobratimye deformacii v usloviiah izmeniaiushchihsia mekhanizmov ih proizvodstva i problema zadaniia plasticheskih potencialov [Big irreversible deformations in the conditions of the changing mechanisms of their production and a problem of a task of plastic potentials]. Doklady Akademii nauk, 2016, vol. 470, no. 3, pp. 275–278. 12. Begun A.S., Burenin A.A., Kovtanyuk L.V. Techenie uprugoviazkoplasticheskogo materiala mezhdu vrashchaiu-shchimisia cilindricheskimi poverhnostiami v usloviiah nezhestkogo scepleniia [Current of uprugovyazkoplastichesky material between the rotating cylindrical surfaces 13. Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Potianikhin D.A., Sosnin A.A. Opredelenie parametrov logarifmicheskogo uravneniia pressovaniia dlia opisaniia protsessa odnoosnogo uplotneniia poroshkovogo tela iz polimernogo materiala [Determination of parameters of the logarithmic equation of pressing for the description of process of monoaxial consolidation of a powder body of polymeric material]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mashinostroenie, materialovedenie, 2016, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 48–59. 14. Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Potyanihin D.A., Sosnin A.A. 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Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1973, 312 p. 18. Grabarnik L.M., Nagaitsev A.A. Pressovanie tsvetnykh metallov i splavov [Pressing of non-ferrous metals and alloys]. 2 ed. Mopscow: Metallurgiia, 1991, 342 p. 19. Orlov G.M. Tekuchest' formovochnyh smesei. Teoria formovki [Fluidity of forming mixes. Theory of molding]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1961, 211 ð. 20. Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Sosnin A.A. Re-gulirovanie uprugogo otklika materiala protiazhionnyh pressovok, sformirovannyh holodnym vydavlivaniem cherez mundshtuk polimernoi dispersnoi kompozicii [Regulation of an elastic response of material of the extended pressings created by cold expression through a mouthpiece of polymeric disperse composition]. Aktual'nye problemy mekhaniki sploshnoi sredy: materialy nauchnyh trudov V Mezhdunarodnoi konferencii, 2017, pp. 87–88. Features turning plastics F-4, PA-6, F-4K20 Tokarev D.I., Drozdov A.A., Gulyaev M.N., Sirotenko L.D., Islamov V.F. Received: 16.02.2018 Received in revised form: 16.02.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The article is devoted to the comparative study of the resistance of the cutting part of the tool (high-speed steel P18, hard alloy VK8, diamond CVD) at turning different grades of plastics (F-4, PA-6, F-4K20), for determination of machinability by cutting for each brand of plastic. In the laboratory, the optimal cutting conditions were selected in terms of maximum durability and processing capacity. The cutting depth was chosen equal to the allowance for processing, reducing the processing time as much as possible. Feed was selected from the conditions to ensure the required roughness of the surface of the part: to ensure Ra 3.2 microns required feed 0.3 mm / rev, Ra 1.25 microns-0.2 mm/rev, Ra 0.63 microns – 0.1 mm / rev. The cutting speed was chosen for reasons of ensuring a rational ratio of tool life and machining performance: for F-4 cutter from R18 the optimal range of cutting speeds 150-200 m/min, PA-6 cutter from VK8 – 250-300 m/min, for F-4K20 cutter from CVD – 500-600 m / min. The durability comparative tests were carried out under production conditions LLC "Kedron" in turning parts of type "Ring" of three different grades of plastics: F-4, PA-6, F-4Ê20. When processing F-4 tool life of R18 amounted to T = 250 min, the tool life of the VK8 amounted to T = 300 min. Use water-based coolant has no impact on durability. When processing a PA-6 without coolant tool life of R18 amounted to T = 20 min, tool life of the VK8 amounted to T = 150 min; when turning with a water-based coolant on tool life of R18 amounted to T = 25 min, the tool life made of VK8 T = 200 min. In processing F-4Ê20 tool life from VK8 amounted to T = 25 min, tool life of chemically deposited diamond CVD amounted to T = 500 min. Use water-based coolant has no impact on durability. It is shown that different grades of plastics, despite the apparent similarity (as in the case of the material F-4 and its composition F-4K20), may differ significantly from each other on the criterion of machinability cutting, due to their abrasive properties, which are manifested in machining. Keywords: plastic turning, cutting machinability, wear intensity, tool life, diamond cutter, fluoropolymer, teflon, coke-filled fluoropolymer, polyamide, caprolon, part quality, machining accuracy, roughness, temperature deformation, residual stress. Authors:
Denis I. Tokarev (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, Department of materials, technologies and machine construction chair, Perm national research polytechnic university; e-mail: den.tokarev.201@yandex.ru. Andrey A. Drozdov (Perm, Russian Federation) – senior lecturer, Department of materials, technologies and machine construction chair, Perm national research polytechnic university; e-mail: dron.perm@mail.ru. Maxim N. Gulyaev (Perm, Russian Federation) – master student, Department of materials, technologies and machine construction chair, Perm national research polytechnic university; e-mail: gulyaev.maks@ yandex.ru. Lyudmila D. Sirotenko (Perm, Russian Federation) – doctor of technical sciences, professor, materials, technologies and machine construction chair, Perm national research polytechnic university; e-mail: sirotenko@pstu.ru. Vladimir F. Islamov (Perm, Russian Federationa) – head of production of LLC “Kedron”; e-mail: ivf@kedron.ru. 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Khabarovsk, 2009, 326 p. 6. Shafigullin L.N. Issledovanie vysokotekhnologichnykh kompozitsionnykh materialov s zadannymi fiziko-mekhanicheskimi svoistvami dlia izdelii mashinostroeniia [Research of hi-tech composite materials with the set physicomechanical properties for mechanical engineering products]. Doctor,s degree dissertation. Naberezhnye Chelny, 2009, 247 p. 7. Valid M. Matematicheskoe i fizicheskoe modelirovanie dinamiki protsessa rezaniia kompozitsionnykh strukturno-neodnorodnykh materialov: na primere sintegrana: 8. Ivanov O.A. Povyshenie effektivnosti lezviinoi obrabotki kompozitsionnykh ugleplastikov na osnove ucheta ikh fiziko-mekhanicheskikh kharakteristik [Increase in efficiency of lezviyny processing of composite coal plastics on the basis of accounting of their physicomechanical characteristics]. Ph. D. thesis. Saint-Petersburg, 2006, 130 p. 9. Dots M.V. 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Diamond turning of glassy polymers: Ph.D. Thesis. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Eindhoven, 2006, pp. 35–39. 17. Ravikanth P.R., Karna S.S. Optimization of various process parameters for CFRP composite materials machining. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2016. Nov.–Dec. Vol. 13, iss. 6, pp. 35–40. 18. Surinder K. Optimization of surface roughness in turning unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics (UD-GFRP) composites using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool. Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences. June, 2012, vol. 19, pp. 163–174. 19. Syed Altaf Hussain, Pandurangadu V., Palani Kumar K. Optimization of surface roughness in turning of GFRP composites using genetic algorithm. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2014, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 49–57. 20. Xiao K.Q., Zhang L.C. The role of viscous deformation in the machining of polymers. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2002, vol. 44, no. 2317–2336, pp. 123–131. Low-flow rate centrifugal compressor stages primary design specificity Rekstin A.F., GalerkinY.B. Received: 13.04.2018 Received in revised form: 13.04.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
Gas-dynamic design of the centrifugal compressor stage begins with the selection of the basic dimensions based on certain rules - the rules of primary design. The Universal modeling method is developed at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University and is successfully used in design practice. Its recommendation for the impeller entrance dimensions focuses on the relative velocity minimization. The blades’ inlet angle is selected from the condition of non-incidence entrance. Recommendations are justified when designing stages with medium and large flow rates. The comparison of primary design principles by universal modeling Method (minimizing the speed at the entrance to the impeller and providing a no incidence entrance on the design mode, while the inlet blade angles are small, long inter-blade channels, the loss coefficient is increased) and Clark firms (optimizing the shape of the inter-blade channels by increasing the inlet angle of the blades and increasing the flow coefficient by reducing the height of the blades on the design mode, while there is a positive incidence angle and large kinetic energy at the entrance) was made. The analysis is based on the example of a stage with a design flow rate coefficient 0.015 and a loading factor 0.70. The results of stages calculations by the program inviscid quasi-three-dimensional calculation of 3 DM.023 and the program of the Method of universal simulation was compared. Analysis of velocity diagrams and calculations of the characteristics of low-flow stages showed that, due to small blade angles, the impeller loss factor is large, but can be reduced when the proposed new recommendations for primary design are fulfilled. Keywords: centrifugal compressor stage, primary design, vaneless diffuser, flow coefficient, work coefficient, efficiency, impeller, mathematical model, inviscid quasi-three-dimensional calculation, flow rate coefficient.
Authors:
Aleksei F. Rekstin (St.Petersburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, leading researcher Scientist, R&D Laboratory “Gas dynamics of turbo machines”, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; e-mail: rekstin2k7@mail.ru. Yuri B. Galerkin (St.Petersburg, Russian Federation) –professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of R&D Laboratory “Gas dynamics of turbo machines”, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, honorary Chairman of the Association of specialists in compressors and Pneumatics; å-mail: yuri_galerkin@mail.ru. References: 1. Japikse D. Turbomachinery design with an agile engineering system. JSME fluid engineering conference. OSAKA, 2003. Sept., pp. 19–20.
Designing CAD-models for calculating thermal stresses Trapeznikov N.V., Shumkov A.A., Matygullina E.V., Ablyaz T.R. Received: 04.04.2018 Received in revised form: 04.04.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The paper describes the technique of designing computer (CAD) casting models with an internal adjustable cellular structure of the Wigner-Seitz type and the sequence of their preparation for the numerical calculation of the stress state in the system of the casting model-the ceramic shell mold. The advantage of this type of cell in front of the standard square and triangular cellular structures is the appearance of moments in the nodes of the cell design, which significantly reduces the expansion of the design of the molding model during heating. To build a CAD-model, the AutoDesk Inventor Professional software is used. During the design, to create a unit cell Wigner-Seitz, as the cell design used beam cylindrical and semi cylindrical elements. The result of the construction is a sample of a molding model system - a ceramic shell mold. To carry out numerical calculation of stresses in the molding model - ceramic shell mold system, the software complex Ansys Workbench 16.0 is used for heating. The task of the calculation is to determine the maximum stresses in the ceramic shell mold as the temperature rises at a certain rate. To solve the problem, a finite element grid with the required size is created in the design sample. After construction of the grid and its optimization, boundary conditions are set. In this case, the boundary conditions are the thermal load, the standard earth gravity, the restriction of displacement. To increase the calculation speed, the geometry is simplified as much as possible and represents the segment of the calculated sample of the molding model system - ceramic shell mold. The analysis of the calculated data obtained can be represented as the dependence of the stresses in the ceramic shell mold on the heating rate. This method of calculation allows predicting the destruction of the ceramic shell when burning the material of the molding model and adjusting the geometric parameters of the internal controlled cellular structure to reduce the shape rejection and increase the yield of suitable metal castings. Keywords: molding model, burning, rapid prototyping, photopolymer, thermal load, ceramic shell shape, boundary conditions, finite element grid, cells, CAD-model, Wigner-Seitz structure, triangular structure, square structure, Quickcast model, optimization. The enterprises applying technologies with low consumption of resources when receiving metalwares designs most of which important criterion for evaluation of quality is nonvolatile operational durability have considerable competitive advantages The developed technology is directed to recovery of operational characteristics of steel details, including extended, having signs of wear, a metal building-up on their surface. Process is realized as a result of local heating of a steel detail by combined use of powers of arc and aluminothermic influences. The lack of information on such process, structures and properties of the received buiding-up and its connection with parts material defines relevance and demand of results of researches. The main purpose of work is definition of the thermal mode of such impact on a zone of metal building-up of steel elements design at which the required geometrical, structural and strength characteristics received product are reached. Local heating in the considered process can be provided by means supply to a surface of product of heat resulting from joint arc and aluminothermic influence from the extended core electrode (CE), that consists from steel lengthy cover in which thermite filler is concluded. The last represents mix of fractions of oxide of iron, reducer and additives These materials - waste of the machine-building enterprises and metallurgical complex, its utilization is difficult. Process allows to provide return of these materials to production. The main purpose of using the termite material, that fills the cavity of the extended core is to regulate the temperature and supply metal to the building-up zone of the resulting material on the surface of the part - the basis. Slag, formed as a result of the aluminothermic component of the thermal effect on the fusion tub, slows the rate of heat removal from the last. Temperature influence in a zone of contact of the build-up metal with basis is regulated by the current, tension and time of their stay in a zone of thermal influence. After crystallization the chemical analysis of build-up material zone is carried out, the structure, strength and dimensional and geometrical parameters of received product are defined. During the experiment is established. compliance of chemical composition of build-up metal of a zone of thermal influence to the material of basis executed from St3 defined in accordance with GOST 380-2005. Comparison of traditional structures with the structures received in the experimental way has established a number of insignificant distinctions. The parameters of the thermal effect on the joint area of the build-up metal with the basis are determined, at which it corresponds to the required strength and dimensional-geometric characteristics. Keywords: processing of mechanical engineering waste, electric arc impact, termite mix, chemical composition, thermal influence, zone of thermal effect, structure, dimensional geometric characteristics, alumotermia, surfacing. Authors:
Nikita V. Trapeznikov (Perm, Russian Federation) – graduate student, Department of Materials, Technology and Construction Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: niktrap@yandex.ru. Aleksei A. Shumkov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Materials, Technology and Construction Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: Shumkov_89@mail.ru. Elena V. Matygullina (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Materials, Technology and Construction Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: matik68@rambler.ru. Timur R. Ablyaz (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Materials, technology and Construction of machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: lowrider11-13-11@mail.ru. Evgenij E. Abashkin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Junior Researcher, Laboratory Chemical and Phase Transformations in Materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: abashkine@mail.ru. Sergey G. Zhilin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, chief of laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: zhilin@imim.ru. Oleg N. Komarov (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, Leading Research Scientist of laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: olegnikolaevitsch@rambler.ru. Anastasiya V. Tkacheva (Komsomolks-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics, Researcher of Laboratory Chemical and Phase Transformations in Materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: 4nansi4@mail.ru. References: 1. Onuh S.O., Yusuf Y.Y. Rapid prototyping technology: applications and benefits for rapid product development. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1999, vol. 10, pp. 301–311. 2. Curing characteristics of acrylic photopolymer used in stereolithography process / J.Y.H. Fuh, L. Lu, C.C. Tan, Z.X. Shen, S. Chew. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 1999, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 27–34. 3. Emami Mohammad Mahdi, Barazandeh Farshad, Yaghmaie Farrokh. Scanning-projection based stereolithography: Method and structure. Sensors and Actuators, 2014, no. 218, pp. 116–124. 4. Hyun-Wook Kang, Jeong Hun Park, Dong-Woo Cho. A pixel based solidification model for projection based stereolithography technology. Sensors and Actuators. 2012, no. 178, pp. 223–229. 5. Raju B.S., Shekar U.C., Venkateswarlu K., Drakashayani D.N. Establishment of process model for rapid prototyping technique (stereolithography) to enhance the part quality by Taguchi method. Procedia Technology, 2014, no. 14, pp. 380–389. 6. Limaye A., Rosen D.W. Process planning to build mask projection stereolithography parts with accurate vertical dimensions. Proceedings of the 17th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin TX USA, 2007, pp. 159–173. 7. Chiou P.Y., Ohta A.T., Wu M.C. Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images. Nat. Lett., 2005, no. 436, pp. 370–372. 8. Morozov V.V. Issledovanie i razrabotka tekhnologicheskikh rezhimov izgotovle-niia otlivok po vyzhigaemym modeliam, poluchennykh metodom lazernoi stereolitografii [Research and development of the technological modes of production of the castings on the burned-out models received by method of a laser stereolithograph]. Ph. D. thisus. Moscow, 2005, 161 p.
10. Hague R., Dickens P.M. Requirements for the successful autoclaving of stereolithography models in the investment casting process. Second National Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Tooling Research. Buckinghamshire College, UK, 1996, pp. 77–92. 11. Blake P., Baumgardner Î., Haburay L., Jacobs P. Creating Complex Precision Metal Parts Using Quick Cast. Proceedings of SME Conference on Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing, 1994, April, pp. 28-34. 12. Yao W.L., Leu M.C. Analysis of shell cracking in investment casting with laser stereolithography patterns. Rapid Prototyping Journal 13. Yao W.L., Leu M.C. Analysis and design of internal web structure of laser stereolithography patterns for investment casting. Materials and Design, 2000, vol. 21, no. 20, 101–109. 14. Norouzi Y., Rehmati S. A novel lattice structure for SL investment casting patterns. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2009, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 255–263. 15. Jacobs P.F. Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Fundamentals of Stereolithography. Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Dearborn, 1992, pp. 43-51. 16. Hague R., D’Costa G., Dickens P.M. Structural design and resin drainage characteris-tics of QuickCast 2.0. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2001, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 66–72. 17. Yang S., Mohebi M.M., Evans J.R.G. A novel lattice structure for SL investment cast-ing patterns. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2009, vol. 15, iss. 4, pp. 255–263. 18. Wang S.H., Shih C.W., He X.Y. Study on investment casting directly with rapid proto-type ABS patterns. Paper presented at the International Conference on Advanced Manufacture, Taiwan, 2010, no. 2, p. 10. 20. Samusev I.V., Smetannikov O.Iu. Issledovanie iacheistykh struktur v lit'e po vyplavliaemym steriolitograficheskim sintez-modeliam [Research of cellular structures in casting on melted steriolitografichesky synthesis models]. Izvestiia Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2013, vol. 15, no. 4(2), pp. 408–411. 21. Kontsevich V.G. Tverdotel'noe modelirovanie mashinostroitel'nykh izdelii v Autodesk Inventor [Solid-state modeling of machine-building products in Autodesk Inventor]. Kiev; Moscow: DiaSoftIuP: DMK Press, 2007, 672 p. 22. Inzhenernyi analiz v ANSYS Workbench [The engineering analysis in ANSYS Workbench]: ucheb. Posobie. V.N. Bruiaka, V.G. Fo-kin, E.A. Soldusova, N.A. Glazunova, I.E. Adeianov. Samarskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet, 2010, chast'. 1, 269 p. Influence of the thermal mode at joint arc and aluminothermic impact on formation of structure and properties of built-up metal Abashkin E.E., Zhilin S.G., Komarov O.N., Tkacheva A.V. Received: 03.05.2018 Received in revised form: 03.05.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The enterprises applying technologies with low consumption of resources when receiving metalwares designs most of which important criterion for evaluation of quality is nonvolatile operational durability have considerable competitive advantages The developed technology is directed to recovery of operational characteristics of steel details, including extended, having signs of wear, a metal building-up on their surface. Process is realized as a result of local heating of a steel detail by combined use of powers of arc and aluminothermic influences. The lack of information on such process, structures and properties of the received buiding-up and its connection with parts material defines relevance and demand of results of researches. The main purpose of work is definition of the thermal mode of such impact on a zone of metal building-up of steel elements design at which the required geometrical, structural and strength characteristics received product are reached. Local heating in the considered process can be provided by means supply to a surface of product of heat resulting from joint arc and aluminothermic influence from the extended core electrode (CE), that consists from steel lengthy cover in which thermite filler is concluded. The last represents mix of fractions of oxide of iron, reducer and additives These materials - waste of the machine-building enterprises and metallurgical complex, its utilization is difficult. Process allows to provide return of these materials to production. The main purpose of using the termite material, that fills the cavity of the extended core is to regulate the temperature and supply metal to the building-up zone of the resulting material on the surface of the part - the basis. Slag, formed as a result of the aluminothermic component of the thermal effect on the fusion tub, slows the rate of heat removal from the last. Temperature influence in a zone of contact of the build-up metal with basis is regulated by the current, tension and time of their stay in a zone of thermal influence. After crystallization the chemical analysis of build-up material zone is carried out, the structure, strength and dimensional and geometrical parameters of received product are defined. During the experiment is established. compliance of chemical composition of build-up metal of a zone of thermal influence to the material of basis executed from St3 defined in accordance with GOST 380-2005. Comparison of traditional structures with the structures received in the experimental way has established a number of insignificant distinctions. The parameters of the thermal effect on the joint area of the build-up metal with the basis are determined, at which it corresponds to the required strength and dimensional-geometric characteristics. Keywords: processing of mechanical engineering waste, electric arc impact, termite mix, chemical composition, thermal influence, zone of thermal effect, structure, dimensional geometric characteristics, alumotermia, surfacing. Authors:
Evgenij E. Abashkin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Junior Researcher, Laboratory Chemical and Phase Transformations in Materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Sergey G. Zhilin (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, chief of laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: zhilin@imim.ru. Oleg N. Komarov (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, associate professor, Leading Research Scientist of laboratory of chemical and phase transformations in materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: olegnikolaevitsch@rambler.ru. Anastasiya V. Tkacheva (Komsomolks-on-Amur, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics, Researcher of Laboratory Chemical and Phase Transformations in Materials, Institute of Machinery and Metallurgy of the Far-Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: 4nansi4@mail.ru. References: 1. Mikheev D.A. Vosstanovlenie zamkovykh soedinenii buril'nykh trub metodom naplavki [Restoration of castle connections of boring pipes by a naplavka method]. Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2016, vol. 49, no 1, pp. 143–149. 2. Titova T.I., Shul'gan N.A., Bocharov S.A., Starchenko E.G., Mastenko V.Iu., Voronov A.V., Shibaev D.I. Issledovanie kachestva odnosloinoi antikorrozionnoi naplavki, vypolnennoi v usloviiakh OAO «Izhorskie zavody» [Research of quality of the single-layer anticorrosive naplavka executed in the conditions of JSC Izhora Plants]. Voprosy materialovedeniia, 2007, no. 3, pp. 89–95. 3. 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Teoriia svarochnykh protsessov: uchebnik dlia vuzov i spetsial'nosti «Oborudovanie i tekhnologiia svarochnogo proizvodstva» [Theory of welding processes]. V.I. Volchenko, V.M. Iampol'skii, V.N. Vinokurov et all. Ed. V.V. Frolova. Moscow: Vysshaia shkola, 1988, 559 p. 19. Livshits L.S., Khakimov A.N. Metallovedenie svarki i termicheskaia obrabotka svarnykh soedinenii [Metallurgical science of welding and heat treatment of welded connections]. 2 ed. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1989, 336 p. 20. Tekhnologiia i oborudovanie svarki plavleniem i termicheskoi rezki: uchebnik dlia vuzov [Technology and equipment of welding by melting and thermal cutting]. A.I. Akulov, V.P. Alekhin, S.I. Ermakov et al. Ed. A.I. Akulova. 2 ed. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2003, 560 p. Kinetics of atomic ordering by L10-type in non-stoichiometric copper-gold alloy: X-Ray analysis Generalova K.N., Gluhov A.V., Volkov A.Y. Received: 15.05.2018 Received in revised form: 15.05.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The ordered equiatomic CuAu (Cu-75 wt. % Au) alloy has been used in practice as a contact material in aerospace control systems. The formation of a superstructure of the L1o type in this alloy leads to a decrease in the resistivity approximately by a factor of 2.5, and resulting in c-domain boundaries increase the strength properties. At present, the technology requires new alloys, with higher strength properties. In this paper are consider a non-stoichiometric gold-copper alloy containing a higher gold content: Cu-80 mass% Au. The physical and mechanical properties of this alloy have not been studied, the kinetics of its atomic ordering has not been discovered, the thermal stability of the ordered CuAuI and CuAuII phases is unknown. The aim of this work is to study the kinetics of atomic ordering in the Cu-80 mass. % Au alloy using the X-ray diffraction analysis method. It is researched that the rate of atomic ordering of the alloy Cu-80 mass. % Au is much lower compared to the well-studied equiatomic CuAu alloy. In this paper, a technique for estimating the degree of long-range order is described, specific examples of calculations based on the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns are given. It is shown that aging of the quenched alloy for 1 month at a temperature of 200 °C does not lead to the formation of a well-ordered state in it. The degree of long-range order after a similar heat treatment of the previously deformed alloy is even lower. It is concluded that the preliminary deformation of the investigated alloy does not lead to an acceleration of the phase transformation, which is not typical for the majority of ordering systems. The work also revealed a high thermal stability of the ordered orthorhombic phase CuAuII. Such a superstructure is characterized by a large number of boundaries of various types, which can be used to harden the material. The obtained results represent both scientific and practical interest. Keywords: copper-gold alloy, phase transformations, superstructure, atomic long-range order, structural methods of investigation, X-ray diffraction analysis, coherent scattering region, tetragonality, deformed state. Authors:
Kseniia N. Generalova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate student, Department of Metal science, Laser and Heat Treatment of Metals, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: kngeneralova@mail.ru. Andrey V. Glukhov (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – engineer, Laboratory of Strength, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: andrey23542@gmail.com. Aleksey Yu. Volkov (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Science, Head of the Laboratory Strength, M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; e-mail: volkov@ imp.uran.ru. References: 1. Volkov A.Iu., Zigandarova I.S. Novye podkhody k sozdaniiu zolotykh iuvelirnykh splavov [New approaches to creation of gold jewelry alloys]. Tsvetnye metally, 2008, no. 9, pp. 43–46. 2. Supansomboon S., Maaroof A., Cortie M.B. Purple glory: The optical properties and technology of AuAl2 coatings. 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Teoriia prevrashchenii v metallakh i splavakh [The theory of transformations in metals and alloys]. Pach 1. Termodinamika i obshchaia kineticheskaia 20. Boiarshinova T.S., Volkov A.Iu., Shashkov O.D., Turkhan Iu.A. O primenimosti rentgenovskoi difraktometrii dlia izucheniia nachal'nykh stadii atomnogo uporiadocheniia [About applicability of a x-ray difraktometriya for studying of initial stages of atomic streamlining]. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie, 2001, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 85–90. 21. Grinberg B.A., Ivanov M.A. Intermetallidy Ni3Al i TiAl: mikrostruktura, deformatsionnoe povedenie [Intermetallida Ni3Al and TiAl: microstructure, deformation behavior]. Ural'skoe otdelenie Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2002, 361 p. 22. Grinberg B.A., Volkov A.Iu., Kruglikov N.A., Rodionova L.A., Grokhovskaia L.G., Gushchin G.M., Sakhanskaia I.N. Kompozitopodobnoe povedenie uporiadochennykh splavov posle sil'noi plasticheskoi deformatsii [Kompozitopodobny behavior of ordered alloys after strong plastic deformation]. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie, 2001, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 67–79. 23. Siutkina V.I., Volkov A.Iu. Formirovanie prochnostnykh svoistv uporiadochennykh splavov [Formation of strength properties of ordered alloys]. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie, 1992, no. 2, pp. 134–146. Improving the quality of the surfaces of products obtained by electrical discharge machining using electrolytic-plasma polishing technology Ablyaz T.R., Muratov K.R., Kochergin Å.U., Shakirzanov T.V. Received: 25.04.2018 Received in revised form: 25.04.2018 Published: 30.06.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The actual task is to develop a technology that allows the finishing of surfaces of difficult-to-profile parts made of hard-to-work materials obtained by electro erosion treatment. The purpose of the work is an experimental study of the application of electrolyte-plasma polishing technology for finishing surface of parts obtained by the method of copying and piercing erosion processing. As the processed material, structural alloyed steel 38Õ2Í2ÌÀ in accordance with GOST 4543-71 was chosen. Electrical discharge machining processing of the sample was carried out on an Electronica smart CNC echo sander. Experiments on electrolyte-plasma polishing of experimental samples after Electrical discharge machining were carried out on a laboratory installation "Polytech-15" with a power of 15 kW. The method of electrolytic-plasma polishing is based on electro-discharge phenomena in the "metal-electrolyte" system, while the workpiece is an anode. Polishing of metals occurs in the stress range 200-350 (V) and current density of 0.2..0.5 (A/cm2). At a voltage of more than 200 (V) around the anode, a stable thin (50-100 μm) vapor-gas shell forms during the transition from bubble boiling to film anode. The electric field strength in the gas-vapor cladding reaches 104-105 (V/cm). Near the microprotrusions, the electric field strength increases, and in these areas microplasma discharges migrating over the surface arise, which provide a complex chemical and physical effect on the surface material of the article. In the course of the study, the change in the roughness of the treated surface was studied. The paper shows the possibility of applying electrolyte-plasma polishing technology to improve the quality of the machined surface of 38Õ2Í2ÌÀ steel after Electrical discharge machining . It is established that the use of electrolyte-plasma polishing technology within 5 minutes of operation allowed to reduce the roughness of the surface processed by the Electrical discharge machining surface by an average of 5 times. It is shown that in order to obtain a roughness of the machined part surface with a value of Ra 1.6 μm, it is more efficient to use a combination of Electrical discharge machining technologies at regimes No. 2 and electrolytic-plasma polishing. Keywords: ålectrical discharge machining , electrolytic-plasma polishing, roughness, quality, productivity, structure, single well, microscopic analysis, electrophysical processing, physical and mechanical properties. The globoid gearing of the abrasive tool and the rotor of positive displacement motor has a number of features: a significant length of the contact line, simultaneous coverage of several rotor teeth, and inhomogeneity of the interaction of the profiles at different sections of the contact line. The nature of the interaction of the profiles should provide the necessary cutting forces in the contact zone. It depends not only on the analytical calculation, which gives numerical values of the intersection of profiles along the normal to the surface of the rotor teeth, but also on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the abrasive layer of globoid chon, which in turn is determined by the type of abrasive material, type of bond, size and spacing of abrasive grains and etc. The intersection of the profiles of the globoidal chon and the rotor is calculated by the methods of the theory of gearing along the normal to the profiles. The actual deformations and stresses in the contact zone depend on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the abrasive layer. Conducting numerical experiments requires the determination of the physical and mechanical characteristics of all known abrasive and diamond tools. In this paper, we present a technique for calculating the physicomechanical parameters of the abrasive layer (Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus) and then calculating the stresses and strains in the contact zone of the globoid chon and the rotor profile of the positive displacement motor. The intersection of the profiles of the rotor and the globoid hone depends on the setting of the tool relative to the part along the normal to the profile (Δn). Numerical experiments on changes in stresses and strains, depending on the parameters of the installation of the globoid hone relative to the rotor, made it possible to calculate the numerical values of stresses and strains at different sections of the contact line (φä), as well as a complex of combinations of the parameters of the globoid hone installation (ΔA, Δγ, ΔZ). The resulting graphs allow to determine the influence of each parameter separately and the influence of a combination of all parameters simultaneously. Keywords: theory of gears, the profile of the gear, globoidal wormgearing, abrasive layer, characteristic of the abrasive layer, line of contact, deformation and errors, physical and mechanical properties, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, intersection of profiles, stress-strain state, rotor profile of positive displacement motor. Authors:
Timur R. Ablyaz (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Assîciate Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Materials, technologies and Constructions of machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: lowrider11-13-11@mail.ru. Karim R. Muratov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Assîciate Professor, Department of Materials, technologies and Constructions of machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Egor Yu. Kochergin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Bachelor Student, Department of Materials, technology and Constructions of machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: lowrider11-13-11@mail.ru. Timur V. Shakirzanov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Bachelor Student, Department of Materials, technology and Constructions of machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: lowrider11-13-11@mail.ru. References: 1. Ablyaz T.R., Simonov M.Y., Schlykov E.S., Muratov K.R.. Surface analysis of bimetal after edm machining using electrodes with different physical and mechanical properties. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016, vol. 7, iss. 5, pp. 974–981. 2. Abliaz T.R., Khanov A.M., Khurmatullin O.G. Sovremennye podkhody k tekhnologii elektroerozionnoi obrabotki materialov [Modern approaches to technology of electroerosive processing of materials]. Perm': Izdatel'stvo Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2012, 121 p. 3. Zhurin A.V. Metody rascheta tekhnologicheskikh parametrov i elektrodov-instrumentov pri elektroerozionnoi obrabotke [Methods of calculation of technological parameters and electrodes tools at electroerosive processing]. Ph. D. thesis. Tula, 2005, 20 p. 4. Ablyaz T.R. Roughness of the machined surface in wire EDM. Russian Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 690–691. 5. Ablyaz T.R., Zhurin A.V. Influence of wire-cut electrical discharge machining on surface quality. Russian Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 156–158. 6. Foteev N.K. Quality of surface after electroerosion treatment. Stanki i instrument, 1997, no. 8, pp. 43–48. 7. Popilov L.Ya. Electrophysical and electrochemical treatment of materials (in Russian). Mashinostroenie. Moscow, 1982, 400 p. 8. Ploshkin V.V. Structural and phase transformations in surface layers of steels under electroerosion treatment: Ph.D. in thesis. Moscow, 2006, 281 p. 9. Abliaz T.R., Borisov D.A. Vliianie sherokhovatosti rabochei poverkhnosti elektroda-instrumenta na proizvoditel'nost' elektroerozionnoi obrabotki stali 38kh2N2MA [Influence of roughness of a working surface of an electrode tool on productivity of electroerosive processing of steel 38x2H2MA]. Stanki i instrument, 2017, no. 3, pp. 19–22. 10. Shabgard M. et al. Experimental investigation into the EDM process of γ-TiAl/M. Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences, 2014, no. 38, pp. 231–239. 11. Ojha K., Garg R.K., Singh K.K. MRR improvement in sinking electrical discharge ma-chining: a review. Journal Miner Mater. Charac. Eng., 2010, no. 9, pp. 709–739. 12. Dey S., Roy D.C. Experimental study using different tools. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 2013, vol. 3, iss. 3, pp. 1263–1267. 13. Janmanee P., Muttamara A. Performance of difference electrode materials in electrical discharge machining of tungsten carbide. Energy Research Journal, 2010, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 87–90. 14. Tsai H. et al. The properties and characteristics of the new electrodes based on Cr-Cu for EDM machines // Iternational Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2003, vol. 43, no 3, pp. 245–252. 15. Zarubin D.A., Ushomirskaia L.A. et. al. Avtomatizatsiia protsessov elektrolitno-plazmennoi obrabotki prostranstvenno slozhnykh poverkhnostei tokoprovodiashchikh izdelii metodom kontroliruemogo struinogo poliva [Automation of processes of electrolytic and plasma processing spatially difficult surfaces of conducting products by method of controlled jet watering]. Sovremennye vysokoeffektivnye tekhnologii i oborudovanie v mashinostroenii, 2016, 6–8 okt., 347 p. 16. Kulikov I.S., Vashchenko S.V., Kamnev A.Ia. Elektrolitno-plazmennaia obrabotka materialov [Electrolytic and plasma processing of materials]. Minsk: Belarusskaia Nauka, 2010, 232 p. 17. Ushomirskaia L.A., Novikov V.I. Polirovanie legirovannykh stalei v ne toksichnykh elektrolitakh pri vysokom napriazhenii [. Polishing alloyed staly in not toxic electrolytes at high voltage]. Metalloobrabotka: nauchno-proizvodstvennyi zhurnal, 2008, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 23–25. 18. Ushomirskaia L.A., Novikov V.I., Folomkin A.I. 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Method for calculating the stress-strain state of the profiles of the globoid chord and the rotor of the positive displacement motor in the zone of their working contact Received: 18.05.2018 Received in revised form: 18.05.2018 Published: 15.08.2018 ![]() Abstract:
The globoid gearing of the abrasive tool and the rotor of positive displacement motor has a number of features: a significant length of the contact line, simultaneous coverage of several rotor teeth, and inhomogeneity of the interaction of the profiles at different sections of the contact line. The nature of the interaction of the profiles should provide the necessary cutting forces in the contact zone. It depends not only on the analytical calculation, which gives numerical values of the intersection of profiles along the normal to the surface of the rotor teeth, but also on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the abrasive layer of globoid chon, which in turn is determined by the type of abrasive material, type of bond, size and spacing of abrasive grains and etc. The intersection of the profiles of the globoidal chon and the rotor is calculated by the methods of the theory of gearing along the normal to the profiles. The actual deformations and stresses in the contact zone depend on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the abrasive layer. Conducting numerical experiments requires the determination of the physical and mechanical characteristics of all known abrasive and diamond tools. In this paper, we present a technique for calculating the physicomechanical parameters of the abrasive layer (Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus) and then calculating the stresses and strains in the contact zone of the globoid chon and the rotor profile of the positive displacement motor. The intersection of the profiles of the rotor and the globoid hone depends on the setting of the tool relative to the part along the normal to the profile (Δn). Numerical experiments on changes in stresses and strains, depending on the parameters of the installation of the globoid hone relative to the rotor, made it possible to calculate the numerical values of stresses and strains at different sections of the contact line (φä), as well as a complex of combinations of the parameters of the globoid hone installation (ΔA, Δγ, ΔZ). The resulting graphs allow to determine the influence of each parameter separately and the influence of a combination of all parameters simultaneously. Keywords: theory of gears, the profile of the gear, globoidal wormgearing, abrasive layer, characteristic of the abrasive layer, line of contact, deformation and errors, physical and mechanical properties, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, intersection of profiles, stress-strain state, rotor profile of positive displacement motor.
Authors:
Vladimir A. Spirin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences; e-mail: tms@ pstu.ru. Vladimir F. Makarov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Chair of Department of Innovative Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: makarov@pstu.ru. Oleg A. Khalturin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University; e-mail: oleg-x@pstu.ru.
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