The methodology for justifying the capacity of a road vehicle service station, which is reflected in SNiP 2.05.02-85, RSN 62-86, ONTP 01-91, etc., is based on a deterministic approach, according to which the number of car arrivals at the station is uniquely determined by the intensity of traffic on the road, as well as the frequency of derailments, determined by the level of cars reliability, and the mileage. As a result of the research conducted by MADI (GTU), it was found that such dependence does exist, but it is not deterministic, but stochastic, which requires the use of appropriate mathematical methods to solve this problem. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical foundations of the methodology for justifying the capacity of a road vehicle service station based on the provisions and mathematical apparatus of the queuing theory (QT). The methodology is based on the analytical apparatus of the theory of queuing systems (QS) with a limit on the queue length, reliability theory, and economic and mathematical modeling. The research has shown that the simultaneous use of the above mathematical methods gives a positive result. The method developed on their basis provides an analytical definition of the average number and intensity of vehicle arrivals at the station, the number of its work stations and waiting places in the queue, as well as performance indicators. The use of the proposed mathematical approach in the development of business plans for the design and construction of road service stations will allow increasing the reliability of the technological calculation.

Keywords: road maintenance station, station capacity, queuing theory.

Aleksandr V. Sokolov (Jaroslavl', Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Head of the Department of Automobile Transport at Yaroslavl State Technical University (88, Moscow Avenue, Yaroslavl, 150023, Russian Federation, e-mail: sokolovav@ystu.ru).

Aleksandr V. Markelov (Ivanovo, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Transport and Roads, Ivanov State Polytechnic University (25, Krasny zor, Ivanovo, 153003, Russian Federation,
e-mail: aleksandr203.37@mail.ru).

Valerij A. Maslennikov (Ivanovo, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Transport and Roads, Ivanov State Polytechnic University (25, Krasny zor, Ivanovo, 153003, Russian Federation,
e-mail: k_aah37@mail.ru).

Dmitrij A. Pavlov (Ivanovo, Russian Federation) – Master Student, Department of Transport and Roads, Ivanov State Polytechnic University (25, Krasny zor, Ivanovo, 153003, Russian Federation, e-mail: dmitry.1611@yandex.ru).

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The article deals with the issues of carrying out an auto-technical expertise using one of the most important methods at the present time, namely the chemotological approach. Usually, when investigating various kinds of accidents, when examining vehicles broken for an unknown reason, the quality of the used fuels and lubricants and working fluids is not considered. In this case, the application of the chemotological approach will make it possible to fully assess the degree of guilt of this or that person, whose actions contributed to the occurrence of a vehicle malfunction, as well as road accidents and other accidents in the conditions of motor transport enterprises. In the article the results of autotechnical expertise on sudden failures of the crankshaft bearings of KTA-19C engines are presented by the example of one of the open coal mines (the first case) and of the sudden failure of the MTU16V.4000 engine of a BelAZ-75302 mining dump truck, which was operated under the conditions of one of the Kuzbass fuel companies (second case). In the first case, the primary reason for the progressive integral wear of the crankshaft bearings, characterized by an abrupt increase in the content of wear indicator elements of non-ferrous metals in the oil, was the intensive "operation" of the neutralizing additive in the oil due to the use of diesel fuel with a high content of sulfur compounds. In the second case, the failure of the internal combustion engine in the form of a sudden jamming of the piston in the cylinder liner A8, followed by the rupture of the piston skirt along the axis of the piston pin due to the tensile force, breaking by the connecting rod of two cylinder liners A8 and B8, the cylinder block, the pallet and other elements, occurred as a result of an unfavorable temperature impact of a number of factors on the units and parts of the crank mechanism and cylinders. Based on the example of the studies carried out, it can be said that only a comprehensive and timely conduct of an auto-technical expertise using the capabilities of the chemotological approach can contribute to the objectivity of the conclusions of auto experts and the adoption of verified decisions by all the interested parties.

Keywords: auto-technical expertise, fuels and lubricants, vehicles, malfunction, failure, parametric reliability, chemotological approach, research methodology, methods of petroleum products analysis.

Vinur A. Ametov (Tomsk, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Automobile Transport and Electrical Engineering, Expert of the TEKSERT system, Head of the Test Center for Fuels and Lubricants and motor vehicles, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2, Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation, e-mail: ametov@tsuab.ru).

Mikhail K. Belyaev (Tomsk, Russian Federation) – an Expert in the field of maintenance and repair of wheeled vehicles of the GOST R system and the DSAT system, Chief Specialist of the Test Center for Fuels and Lubricants and Motor Vehicles, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2, Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation, e-mail: belyaev-mikle@mail.ru).

Alexey V. Zubritsky (Tomsk, Russian Federation) – Research Engineer, Head of Laboratory, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2, Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation, e-mail: avzubritskiy@gmail.com).

Anton V. Shalkov (Prokopievsk, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Information Technologies, Mechanical Engineering and Automotive, Prokopievsk Branch of T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University
(19a, Nogradskaya st., Prokopievsk, 653039, Kemerovo region, Russian Federation, e-mail: prk-s@yandex.ru).

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In the article the main aspects of the preparation and conservation of internal combustion engines are discussed. The negative impact of the environment on the engine during its storage is studied. It was found that most of the weapons, military and special fleet of the military unit is stored in open areas. The operation of vehicles is mainly carried out in the open air, which leaves them in conditions of active and, as a rule, very unfavorable impact of climatic atmospheric phenomena and factors. Air humidity, high and low air temperatures, wind speed, fog, precipitation, snowstorms, ice, dust storms, etc. have a huge impact on vehicles. This causes corrosion of metal surfaces, aging of rubber parts and rubber-fabric materials. Parts and assembly units, the surfaces of which are not protected from atmospheric corrosion, wear 1.5–2.0 times faster during operation compared to the protected ones. The paper provides a list of works required to prepare an internal combustion engine for conservation. The technological process of preparing an internal combustion engine for storage for a period of more than two months and up to one year has been determined. Completion of the entire list of works will allow reducing the cost of work on the restoration of internal combustion engines.

Keywords: parts, wear, conservation, automotive engineering, engine.

Bulat T. Tukhvatullin (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Vehicles, Armored Vehicles, Novosibirsk Military Institute named after General Army I.K. Yakovleva Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation (6/2, Kluch-Kamyshenskoe plato st., Novosibirsk, 630114, Russian Federation, е-mail: bulat54@mail.ru).

Albert M. Burgonutdinov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Operation of Armored Vehicles of the Technical Support, Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (e-mail: burgonutdinov.albert@yandex.ru).

Igor V. Zolnikov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Pedagogical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of Technical Training Technical Support, Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
(1, Gremiachii log st., Perm, 614030, Russian Federation, e-mail: zv_igor@mail.ru).

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A well-formed transport and technological complex is of great importance for the effective conduct of agricultural production. This is the task of the engineering and technical service of an agricultural organization. The fleet of transport and technological machines (TTM) of agriculture occupies a significant place in the total fleet of transport and technological machines of the Russian economy. It should be noted that the number of TTMs, both in the Russian economy as a whole and in agriculture, is being decreased annually. In order to increase the efficiency of all agricultural production and the efficiency of the transport and technological complex, it is necessary to carry out systematic modernization of both the entire production and its transport and technological complex (TTC). In this study, the directions of modernization of agriculture and the TTC are proposed. The main directions of modernization are improvement of the technological component and improvement of the technical component of agricultural production. In his research, the author examined in more detail the improvement of the technical component of agricultural production; transport and technological complexes for carrying out the main technological operations for the cultivation of agricultural crops are presented. The author also examined the directions of modernization and development of technical services for the new generation of TTM. Further, the author examines and analyzes the directions of state support for the entire agriculture of Russia, especially technical and technological modernization and innovative development. The state support of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and the role of Rosagroleasing, JSC in the supply of machinery to agricultural organizations are analyzed. In the study the calculations on the efficiency of agricultural production technology by the example of a technological operation – plowing are carried out and presented; it is concluded that this technological operation, when performed using energy-rich, wide-cut equipment, is more effective. The author concludes that despite the measures of state support for the restoration and modernization of the technical potential of agricultural commodity producers, the availability of basic transport and technological machines is being decreased annually.

Keywords: technological processes, regulations, efficiency, directions of modernization, budgetary funds, renewal rates, retirement rates.

Grigory A. Iovlev (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Service of Transport and Technological Machines and Equipment in Agroindustrial Complex, Ural State Agrarian University (42, K. Libknekht st., Yekaterinburg, 620075, Russian Federation, e-mail; gri-iovlev@yandex.ru).

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The industrial operation of construction and road machines takes place under conditions of adverse effects of external factors, which include low temperatures, high loads, and precipitation. In such conditions, it is of great importance to ensure the reliable operation of hydraulic systems, since without their functioning most machines will not be able to move. For a quick assessment of the technical condition of hydraulic systems, a large number of information signals are used, the use of which makes it possible to create conditions for the emergence of new and improvement of old methods and tools used for technical diagnostics, and to implement the maintenance based on the actual condition.

In the article an analysis of scientific articles devoted to the diagnostics of hydraulic systems is presented. It is shown that the diagnostic signal in the form of a change in temperature and pressure of the working fluid makes it possible to characterize the controlled parameter with one discrete value, which makes it possible to establish the fact of a change in the technical state of the hydraulic system. However, the use of such diagnostic signals, as a rule, does not allow obtaining predictive values of the state change.

In the article the effect of temperature deformations occurring in the elements of hydraulic machines on their reliability during operation at low temperatures is discussed. A critical change in the clearances in the mating elements is shown by the example of axial piston and gear pumps.

The presented material allows concluding that it is necessary to take into account temperature deformations in the elements of hydraulic machines and hydraulic equipment, and also indicates the need to develop special regulations for the production operation of hydraulic systems when operating construction and road machines in low ambient temperatures. This will improve the reliability of hydraulic systems without the use of new construction materials and the development of new technologies for the production of hydraulic machines.

Keywords: hydraulic drive, temperature, axial piston pump, reliability, hydraulic system.

   Alexander P. Miller (Perm, Russian Federation) – Master, Department of Technical Service and Machine Repair, Master, Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov (23, Petropavlovskaya st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: aleksandrmillera@mail.ru).

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In the article traditional methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of traffic flows are compared in terms of labor intensity and accuracy, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are indicated. A new method of traffic flow analysis based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and computer vision technology based on convolutional neural networks is proposed. This method allows to fully automate the collection and analysis of data on traffic flows. In the article the first application of the proposed method when performing transport and economic surveys within the design of the "Northern Bypass of Perm" is described. The advantages of the applied method in relation to the traditional ones are described. To implement this project, TrafficData software was developed for analyzing traffic flows with the use of video materials.

Further, traffic monitoring is considered, its goals and objectives are described, the necessary functionality of the traffic monitoring automation system is specified, and the traffic parameters that it should determine are listed. The methodology for implementing an automated traffic monitoring system based on video materials in a single road section is examined. It is described how each traffic parameter is determined using video analytics methods. Screenshots of the implementation of this approach in the TrafficData software are provided.

A project of traffic monitoring system is presented, which allows extending the previously considered approach to the entire road network. The technologies that allow implementing this system based on video analysis of materials from video surveillance cameras are described. A method of car reidentification is proposed, and the implementation of this method is demonstrated. The method allows building a matrix of correspondence of the cars recorded on video surveillance cameras located in different sections of the road network, as well as determining all traffic parameters for the entire road network.

In the conclusions the relevance of the task in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 114 on approval of the traffic monitoring procedure is emphasized, and the prospects for the improvement of the developed software in terms of application in intelligent transport systems are indicated.

Keywords: traffic monitoring, traffic flow data, transport modeling, transport and economic surveys, computer vision, artificial intelligence, video analytics, traffic parameters, intelligent transport systems.

Ivan A. Chebykin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Engineer-Designer of Transport Structures, General Director of TrafficData (45b, Stakhnovskaya st., Perm, 614066, Russian Federation, e-mail: chebykin.i.a.2017@yandex.ru).

Semen S. Semenov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Roads and Bridges, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: sss84@mail.ru).

1. Vaimen' A.Iu., Pikhlak I.O. Ob opredelenii srednegodovoi sutochnoi intensivnosti dvizheniia na mestnykh dorogakh Estonskoi SSR [On the definition average annual daily traffic on local roads of the Estonian SSR] Trudy Tallinnskogo politekhnicheskogo instituta. Tallinn, 1970, no. 292, pp. 3–10.

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6. Dzhafarov R.M. Issledovanie skorostej dvizhenija na transportnyh razvjazkah s napravlennymi s#ezdami [Investigation of traffic speeds at interchanges with directional exits] Science and technology in the road industry, 2020, no. 2 (92), pp. 7–9.

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11. Jakimov M.R., Kandalina G.N. Sravnitel'nyj analiz razlichnyh sposobov sbora informacii ob intensivnosti transportnyh i peshehodnyh potokov [Comparative analysis of various methods of gathering information about the intensity of traffic and pedestrian flows] Avtotransportnoe predprijatie, 2012, no. 10, pp. 22–29.

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The object of the research in this paper is passenger transportation by public transport in the city of Bryansk. In the paper the current transport network of public transport of the city is examined, and the concept of its development is presented. The condition of the rolling stock is analyzed. Passenger transport is one of the key elements providing comfortable and safe urban environment. It is necessary to study the existing passenger flows for the correct organization of the traffic. The development of passenger transport should also go towards digitalization and increase passengers’ satisfaction with the level of transport service provided. In the paper the examples of the development of urban passenger transport in the city of Bryansk are presented. In 2020 a large-scale construction of a number of city roads is being continued. Road junctions are being actively built, and roundabouts are used instead of traffic light regulation, which leads to an increase in the throughput of the junctions and an increase in the average velocity of the traffic.

To increase traffic safety and restrict pedestrian access, metal fences are installed on a number of streets under reconstruction or under construction, restrictive posts are installed on dividing strips on a number of roads, and road surveillance cameras are widely introduced. The process of formation of passenger flows is determined by the needs of residents to move in order to visit a particular object, which necessitates the receipt and processing of the information on passenger flows.

The technological basis for the introduction of information technologies in transport are wireless communication, information technologies, measuring instruments, as well as transport monitoring.

Thus, the introduction of information technologies for the organization of passenger transportation allows to achieve the reduction of fuel purchase costs up to 50 %, the reduction of mileage up to 30 %, the reduction of inappropriate use of equipment up to 100 %, the elimination of equipment downtime, the increase of the labor discipline of the drivers, the improvement of transportation safety, and the adherence to transportation schedules.

Further improvement of urban passenger transportation will allow making the urban environment safer and more comfortable.

Keywords: urban passenger transport, passenger flow, public transport vehicle, public transport network, interval of movement, organization of transportation, quality of service.

Vladimir V. Sivakov (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Transport and Technological Machines and Services, Deputy Director for Academic Work in Institute of Forest Complex, Transport and Ecology, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov av., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: sv@bgitu.ru).

Viktor V. Kamynin (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of thе Department of Material Science and Machine Science, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov av., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: kaf-mim@bgitu.ru).

Peter V. Tikhomirov (Bryansk, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of thе Department of Transport and Technological Machines and Services, Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology (3, Stanke Dimitrov av., Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation, е-mail: vtichomirov@mail.ru).

1. Borovaja K.S., Sivakov V.V. Analiz organizacii transportnoj seti municipal'nogo transporta g.Brjanska [The analysis of the organization of the transport network public transport in the city of Bryansk] Jekonomika i jeffektivnost' organizacii proizvodstva, 2018, № 28, pp.31-34.

2. Borovaja K.S., Sivakov V.V. Issledovanie transportnoj infrastruktury goroda Brjanska (ulichno-dorozhnoj seti)  [Study of the transport infrastructure of the city of bryansk (the road network)]  Jekonomika i jeffektivnost' organizacii proizvodstva, 2018, № 28, pp.57-61.

3. Postanovlenie BGA ot 23-03-2015 № 772-p Ob utverzhdenii «Koncepcii razvitija transporta obshhego pol'zovanija goroda Brjanska na period 2015-2025 gody». (http://bga32.ru/uploads/2016/06/bga32-ru-Post-772_23-03-2015.pdf). – Provereno 10.09.2020.

4. Dolmatova N.A., Nikolaev N.N. Issledovanie i sovershenstvovanie organizacii passazhirskih perevozok v Rostovskoj oblasti [Research and improvement the organization of passenger transport in the Rostov region] Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2017,  № 2 (57), pp.87-91.

5. Kuznecova L.P., Semenihin B.A., Altuhov A.Ju.  Sovershenstvovanie organizacii passazhirskih perevozok na marshrutah g. Kurska [Improving the organization of passenger traffic on the routes of Kursk] Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2016, № 2 (53), pp.98-104.

6.  Analiz struktury, moshhnosti i napravlenij passazhiropotokov v gorode Orel / A.S. Bodrov [i dr.] [Analysis of the structure, power and directions of passenger flows in the Orel] Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2019, № 1 (64), pp. 42-48.

7. Andreev K.P., Terent'ev V.V. Passazhirskie perevozki i optimizacija gorodskoj marshrutnoj seti [Passenger transportation and optimization of the urban route network] // Mir transporta, 2017, T. 15, no. 6 (73), pp.156-161.

8. Modelirovanie optimal'nogo intervala dvizhenija passazhirskih avtotransportnyh sredstv / N.N. Jakunin [i dr.]  [Modeling of optimal interval movement of passenger vehicles] Transport. Transportnye sooruzhenija. Jekologija, 2018, №2, pp.88-100. doi: 10.15593/24111678/2018.02.10

9. Eremina A.V., Konstantinov S.Ju., Celishhev D.V. Razrabotka metodiki dlja opredelenija neobhodimogo kolichestva avtobusov gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta [Development of method for determining the necessary number of buses of urban passenger transport] Transport. Transportnye sooruzhenija. Jekologija, 2018, №4, pp.33-43. doi: 10.15593/24111678/2018.04.04

10. Di Tan, Shuaishuai Liu, Ruixian Li, Kun Yang. Research status of behaviour decision-making for intelligent vehicles // International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems, 2019, Vol.4, no.3, pp.279 – 297. doi: 10.1504/IJVICS.2019.102228

11. Minglei Song, Rongrong Li, Binghua Wu, Minwo Lee.  Modelling and analysis of urban vehicle traffic congestion characteristics based on vehicle-borne network theory // International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems, 2020, Vol.5, no.2, pp.156 – 172. doi: 10.1504/IJVICS.2020.108902

12. Sayaka Morimoto, Takahiro Jinba, Hiroto Kitagawa, Keiki Takadama, Takahiro Majima, Daisuke Watanabe, Mitujiro Katuhara. Multi-agent-based bus route optimisation for restricting passenger traffic bottlenecks in disaster situations // International Journal of Automation and Logistics, 2016, Vol.2, no. 1/2, pp.153-177.  doi: 10.1504 / IJAL.2016.074936

13. Farahani R. Z., Miandoabchi E., Szeto W. Y., Rashidi H. A review of urban transportation network design problems // European Journal of Operational Research, 2013, no.229, pp.281-302.  doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2013.01.001

14. Tihomirov P.V., Sivakov V.V., Kamynin V.V. Sravnitel'nyj obzor sovremennyh metodov ucheta passazhirov [Comparative review of modern methods of passengers accounting] Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2018, № 2 (61), pp. 85-94.

15. Sivakov V.V., Tihomirov P.V., Kamynin V.V. Sovremennye informacionnye tehnologii v oblasti ucheta passazhiropotokov goroda [Modern information technologies in the field of passenger traffic accounting in the city] Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2019, № 1 (64), pp.80-88.

16. Optimizacija transportnoj infrastruktury gorodov [Optimization of the transport infrastructure of cities] / V.A. Kiselev [i dr.] Transportnoe delo Rossii, 2018, № 5,  pp.138-140.

17. Ocenka gotovnosti Orlovskoj gorodskoj aglomeracii k vnedreniju intellektual'nyh transportnyh sistem  [Assessment of the readiness of the Orel city agglomeration to implement intelligent transport systems] / A.S. Bodrov [i dr.]
Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin, 2020, no.3 (70), pp.64-71.

18. V Brjanskoj oblasti v 2019 godu dorozhnye kamery nashtrafovali voditelej na 245 mln. rublej. (https://bryansk.
news/2019/10/08/dorozhnye-kamery). Provereno:  01.10.2020 g.

19. Sivakov V.V., Borovaja K.S. Vnedrenie informacionnyh tehnologij pri organizacii passazhirskih marshrutnyh perevozok v g.Brjanske [The introduction of information technologies in the organization of passenger route transportation in Bryansk] Transportnoe delo Rossii, 2019, № 4, pp. 98-99.

20. Oficial'nyj sajt Obshhestvennyj transport goroda Brjanska: http://www.transport32.ru/ (data obrashhenija 30.09.2020)

21. Mobil'noe prilozhenie "Umnyj transport" dlja Android. – URL: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id= ru.bus32.SmartTransport&hl=ru (data obrashhenija: 30.09.2020).

Two purposes are defined as a research problem: to improve the safety and comfort of road maintenance by improving the standard structures used for road fencing. Various situations related to the arrangement of enclosing structures, in which safety requirements are violated during their construction, are analyzed in the article. These situations include: the combination of different types of fences along the axis of the highway; breaks in the concrete fence that occur when the frame supports are installed along the axis of the highway; transition sections of metal on breaks in the concrete fence for a u-turn. Examples of a possible comfortable arrangement of fences for subsequent dismantling in order to create gaps during repairs, temporary fencing devices on the edge of the roadway to highlight the adjacent sidewalk in settlements are also given in the article. Based on the generalization of practical experience, the scientific novelty of the research is achieved, which consists in the development of constructive solutions for each individual case. As a result, five options for improving the enclosing structures are described and characterized. Some of them are aimed at eliminating violations of safety requirements for the construction of fences on the road, the other at the convenience of their dismantling. The peculiarity of the proposed options is the simplicity of their implementation, which does not require the manufacturing of special elements. Subsequently, increase in the safety by any of the proposals will definitely lead to a reduction in the number of accidents on the roads, and the convenience of dismantling of the structures will undoubtedly reduce the time of their maintenance.

Keywords: fencing, improvement of the fencing, standard enclosing structures, technical elements of the arrangement, construction of enclosing structures, traffic safety, road maintenance.

Dmitry P. Luchinsky (Tyumen, Russian Federation) – Deputy Chief Engineer for Highways of JSC "Mostostroy 11" (15, Kuznetsov st., Tyumen, 625048, Russian Federation, e-mail: luchinsky@ms11.ru).

Vera D. Tymochowicz (Tyumen, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Highways and Airfields, Tyumen Industrial University (38, Volodarsky st., Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation, e-mail: timohovetsvd@tyuiu.ru).

Sergey S. Terebenin (Tyumen, Russian Federation) – Student, Department of Highways and Airfields, Tyumen Industrial University (38, Volodarsky st., Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation, e-mail: terebenins@gmail.com).

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In the paper the designs of special vehicles are analyzed, which can move on various surfaces, in particular on stepped ones. Development of these vehicles provides creation of comfortable conditions for low-mobility groups of people in city areas. On the base of analysis of patent and technical sources advantages, disadvantages, principles of operation, as well as brief characteristics of special vehicles designed to move people with disabilities are described. The main attention was paid to vehicles with wheel-walking mover that include wheel block in the three-beam star form. This mover provides automatic shift between the moving regimes: rolling on level surface and walking on stairs. Based on the results of the analysis of various types of vehicle structures, the design that provides movement on stepped surfaces has been developed. The proposed vehicle includes a special three-wheel propeller and planetary gear driven by electric engine, as well as a motion stabilization system. For the stable movement of this vehicle, it is proposed to use a stabilization system that operates by moving the center of mass of the additional section (for example, driver seat) relative to the chassis of the vehicle. A three-dimensional model of the vehicle has been created in the Solidworks software environment. This model corresponds to the proposed design of vehicle chassis. The practical results of the analysis of the structure are also described, which prove the operability of the vehicle.

Keywords: special vehicle, overcoming steps, three-wheeled mover, wheelchair, moving on steps, motion stabilization, motion analysis.

Pavel V. Potapov (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Vehicles and Engines, Volgograd State Technical University (28, Lenin av., Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation, e-mail: paulflinx@gmail.com).

Aleksandr A. Shvedunenko (Volgograd, Russian Federation) – Student, Department of Vehicles and Engines, Volgograd State Technical University (28, Lenin av., Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation, e-mail: sanya9105@list.ru).

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In the article the possibility of organizing bicycle sharing in the city of Yaroslavl is analyzed based on the analysis of the literary works of domestic and foreign scientists and experimental authors’ researches. The topic under study has certain relevance, since the streets of modern large cities are loaded with a large number of personal automobile transports, which affects the general standard of living of the population. The introduction of new mobile vehicles is a key factor in solving the problems that have arisen. This theory can be confirmed by the experience of using bicycle sharing systems in many large cities around the world. It has been established that the construction of new road and transport infrastructure, in particular bicycle roads, will allow people to reduce travel time on certain routes during peak hours. In addition, the introduction of such a system into the structure of urban public transport will allow achieving a number of positive effects for the city, among which one can single out a decrease in traffic congestion during rush hours, a decrease in traffic congestion in the central part of Yaroslavl with parked cars, a decrease in noise levels and an improvement in environmental indicators. Also, the construction of new bicycle roads is a promising solution for the development of tourism in the Yaroslavl region due to the emergence of attractive bicycle routes passing near major architectural monuments, museums, historical centers and other main attractions of the city. At the same time, the issue of improving road safety when operating small-sized vehicles, in particular, bicycles and bicycle sharing systems, is considered separately. Their design and technical parameters must meet all modern requirements and standards, as well as be easy to use by all social categories of the population. In the article both bicycle routes and routes with the joint use of a bicycle and urban public transport are studied. Based on the analysis of the transport infrastructure of the city of Yaroslavl, a conclusion was made about the role of the bicycle sharing system in large developing cities of a modern type.

Keywords: bicycle roads, construction of new infrastructure, bicycle sharing system, road safety.

Vladimir A. Shilov (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation) – Master Student, Department of Technology of Building Production, Yaroslavl State Technical University (40, Krivov st., Yaroslavl, 150048, Russian Federation, e-mail: vladimir.shilov.98@mail.ru).

Aleksey A. Ignatiev (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation) – Director of the Institute of Construction and Transport Engineers, Yaroslavl State Technical University (40, Krivov st., Yaroslavl, 150048, Russian Federation, e-mail: ignatyevaa@ystu.ru).

Alexander V. Sokolov (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation) – Head of the Department of Automobile Transport, Yaroslavl State Technical University (88, Moskovsky av., Yaroslavl, 150023, Russian Federation, e-mail: sokolovav@ystu.ru).

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