The present study deals with investigation of an applicability of industrially manufactured active carbons and modified carbon sorbents for extraction of rare-earth elements (REE) ions (lanthanum and terbium) from aqueuos solutions. Development of innovative processes for extraction of REE from all possible sources and creation of new functional materials on their basis are relevant objectives both from economic and from ecological points of view. Extraction, sedimentation and sorption methods are applied for extraction of rare-earth elements from solutions.

One of the most available and effective sorbents used in various industries are the active carbons (AC). They have a number of advantages caused by particles close grading, high sorption and stable strength characteristics.

Two types of the industrially manufactured active carbons produced from different types of raw materials: wooden charcoal and a carbon molecular sieve on the basis of earth coal. With a view to increase the share of oxygen-containing functional groups with acid character the modification of a coal surface with nitric acid was carried out. REE sorption was carried out from solutions of lanthanum (III) and terbium (III) nitrates with concentration of 50 mg/dm3 under dynamic conditions. It was found that the active carbons produced from wooden charcoal and from earth coal can be applied for extraction of lanthanum from aqueous solutions. In such a case the sorbent capacity was 0.33 mg of La/g. At absorption of lanthanum from solution with complex composition the lanthanum extraction degree decreased to 70 % and less. Degree of terbium ion extraction by active carbons does not exceed 20 %.

Keywords: rare-earth elements, active carbons, sorption, terbium, lanthanum, BAC.

Andrey S. Maximov (Perm, Russian Federation) – manager laboratory, Perm state national research university (15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990;
e-mail: htb03starosta@gmail.com).

Aleksandra A. Yuminova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in chemical Sciences, the senior teacher, Perm state national research university
(15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990).

Elena A. Farberova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in chemical Sciences, associate Professor of Department of chemistry and biotechnology, Perm national research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: elenafarb@gmail.com).

Elena A. Тingaeva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in chemical Sciences, associate Professor of Department of chemistry and biotechnology, Perm national research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: teengaeva@mail.ru).

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Moscow, IMNRE, 2008, 162 p.

2. Mikhailov V.A. Redkozemel'nye rudy metallov: Geologiia, resursy, ekonomika [Rare-earth ores of metals: Geology, resources, economy]. Kiev, Izd-vo poligraficheskii tsentr Kievskii un-t, 2010, 223 p.

3. Tuliaganov Z.Ia. Fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva redkozemel'nykh elementov, ispol'zuemykh v aktivnykh komponentakh volokonno-opticheskikh sistem peredachi [Physical and chemical properties of the rare-earth elements used in active components of fiber transmission systems]. Molodoi uchenyi, 2017, no. 20, pp. 83–85.

 4. Suponitskii Iu.L. Khimiia redkozemel'nykh elementov [Chemistry of rare-earth elements]. Moscow, Izd-vo RKhTU, 2007, 107 p.

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[Extraction methods of division of REE]. Redkozemel'nye elementy. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moscow, Izd. AN SSSR, 1970, pp. 195–208.

6. Papkova M.V. Sorbtsionnoe izvlechenie redkozemel'nykh metallov i drugikh elementov iz rastvora fosfornoi kisloty [Sorption extraction of rare-earth metals and other elements from solution of phosphoric acid]. Ph. D. thesis. Moscow, 2016, 113 p.

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Methods for the post-treatment of industrial effluents of JSC Perm Plant Mashinostroitel (PZHO) Perm from nickel ions were studied. In the course of production, PZHO

uses electrochemical baths in which, after processing the structures, waste products are formed containing nickel ions in concentrations of 140-300 g / l. Using the precipitation method, it was possible to significantly reduce the concentration of nickel to 360 mg / L. The obtained values ​​exceeded the MPC level for wastewater, which is 0.02 mg / l; therefore, post-treatment of industrial effluents is required in order to discharge treated water into the city sewer. As a post-treatment method, the biological method using the immobilization of the isolated cells of microorganisms on the surface of activated carbon and inside the alginate gel is considered. To implement the biological method, cultures of microorganisms that are resistant to nickel ions were isolated from soils contaminated with heavy metal ions, their isolated colonies were obtained, and morphological and physical properties were studied. Microscopy of cells was carried out, during which it was found that the culture is represented by gram-negative diplococci. The possibility of using selected crops in industrial practice is investigated. For this purpose, the cells were immobilized in alginate gel and on the surface of activated carbon. The absorption capacity of sorbents in a pure form and with the cultures of microorganisms embedded in them was studied. The experiments showed that the immobilization of cells on the surface and inside the carriers increases their absorption capacity with respect to nickel ions. The use of immobilized cells simplifies the task of introducing the biological method into the technological scheme of production.

Keywords: industrial wastewater, sedimentation, microorganism culture, immobilization, nickel ions, activated carbon, alginate gel.

Olga Yu. Mankovskaya (Perm, Russian Federation) – Bachelor of the Depart­ment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: manechkaolka2212@gmail.com).

Olga I. Bakhireva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: bahirevy@mail.ru).

Maria M. Sokolova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: mmsokolova@mail.ru).

Larisa S. Pan (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990).

1. Man'kovskaia O.Iu., Bakhireva O.I., Sokolova M.M. Primenenie biologi­cheskogo metoda dlia doochistki proizvodstvennykh rastvorov ot ionov nikelia [The use of the biological method for the purification of industrial solutions from nickel ions]. Khimiia.Ekologiia.Urbanistika, 2019, vol. 1, Perm', pp. 425–428.

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Izvestiia vuzov. Prikladnaia khimiia i biotekhnologiia, 2015, no. 2(13), 7 p.

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9. Cabral J.M.S., Kennedy J.F. Immobilization of microbial cells on transition metal–activated supports: Methods in enzymology. Vol. 135. Eds. S.P. Colowick, N.O. Kaplan. Orlando, Academic Press, 1987, pp. 357–372.

10. Demakov V.A., Maksimova Iu.G., Maksimov A.Iu. Immobilizatsiia kletok mikroorganizmov: biotekhnologicheskie aspekty [Immobilization of microorganism cells: biotechnological aspects]. Biotekhnologiia, 2008, no. 2, pp. 30–45.

11. Gavrilova N.B., Chernopol'skaia N.L. Immobilizatsiia kletok v gel' kak metod zashchity mikroorganizmov [Immobilization of cells in a gel as a method of protecting microorganisms]. Vestnik omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2012, no. 4(8), pp. 116–122.

12. Pimneva L.A., Koroleva M.N. Sorbtsionnaia ochistka promyshlennykh stochnykh vod ot ionov margantsa i nikelia [Sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from manganese and nickel ions]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal eksperimental'nogo obrazovaniia, 2015, no. 3–2, pp. 83–84.

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Iodo-cream sorbents synthesized on the basis of alumogel, polyethylene, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol. The obtained spherical sorbents based on alumogel had a high iodine capacity, but their resource of work was not enough. Sorbents on the basis of polyethylene had a low sorption capacity for iodine, and sorbents on the basis polyacrylamide dissolved during operation partially. Sorbents on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol received in various ways and had different specifications. Besieged in alkaline environment sorbent showed the greatest resource of work, and sorbent precipitated in acetone showed the maximum iodine capacity. Tests conducted in a bacteriological laboratory at the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Kirov District in Perm showed that sorbents obtained on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol can be used to disinfect drinking water in a dynamic mode at the post-treatment stage.

Keywords: Iodine-containing sorbents, water disinfection, alumogel, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol.

Larisa S. Pan (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, e-mail: vvv@pstu.ru).

Olga I. Bakhireva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, e-mail: vvv@pstu.ru).

Ekaterina A. Tsypkina (Perm, Russian Federation) – Student, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, e-mail: Cypkinakatya@mail.ru).

1. Onishchenko G.G. Problemy kachestva pit'yevoy vody v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i puti ikh resheniya [Problems of drinking water quality in the Russian Federation and ways to solve them]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika, 2010, no. 12, pp. 5–8.
2. Zorina E.I. Primenenie aktivirovannogo uglya v vodopodgotovke [The use of activated carbon in water treatment]. Vodoochiska. Vodopodgotovka. Vodosnabzhenie, 2013, 109, vol. 1, no. 61. pp. 52–55.
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The paper discusses the issues of algorithmization of the problem associated with decision-making on the operational management of stocks of raw materials in the warehouses for the production of dry magnesia cement mixtures (DMCM),intended for the production of cement slurries for cementing casing strings of oil and gas wells by mixing the dry mixture with an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, and with an assessment of the production capabilities of the equipment of the technological line for their production. The urgency of solving the problem is due to the need to optimize the reserves of stored raw materials, provided that they are sufficient to supply batches of finished products, taking into account the fact that the production of dry magnesia grouting mixtures has signs of flexibility due to the frequent change in the recipe of the mixture, on which the quality parameters of grouting grout depend. Requirements for the values of quality indicators are determined by the Customer of a batch of dry magnesia grouting mixtures, based on the geological, lithological, stratigraphic and thermobaric conditions of the sections of these deposits, as well as taking into account the technical and technological conditions for their use in cementing work in wells.

In the calculation example presented in the article, the technological line for the production of dry magnesia grouting mixtures is considered as a mass service system (QS). The algorithm for calculating reserves for each of the raw materials components is based on the principle of their management system as of monitoring sufficiency and fixed time intervals between replenishment, which allows the manufacturer to reduce the cost of acquisition, transportation and storage of raw materials for the preparation of high-quality magnesia grouting mortars.

Keywords: oil and gas wells, cement slurry, dry magnesia cement mixture, production, queuing system, recipe, raw materials stocks, management.

Mariya V. Vataleva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Senior Lecturer of the department of equipment and automation of chemical production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: monoceross@mail.ru).

Alexander G. Shumikhin (Perm, Russian Federation) – doctor of technical sciences, professor of the Department equipment and automation of chemical production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: atp@pstu.ru).

1. Tolkachev G.M., Dulepov Iu.A., Shilov A.M. et al. Primenenie magnezial'nykh tsementov pri burenii skvazhin i dobyche nefti [The use of magnesia cements in well
drilling and oil production]. Moscow, Izd. TsP NTO NGP im. akademika I.M. Gubkina, 1987.

2. Tolkachev G.M., Kozlov A.S., Anisimova A.V.i dr. Primenenie magnezial'nykh tsementov pri kreplenii glubokikh neftianykh i gazovykh skvazhin [The use of magnesia cements for fastening deep oil and gas wells]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SWorld. Odessa: KUPRIENKO SV, 2013, iss. 3, vol. 14.

3. Kozlov A.S., Pastukhov A.M. Tamponazhnyi material dlia tsementirovaniia
obsadnykh kolonn v intervalakh mnogoletnemerzlykh porod. [Grouting material for cementing casing strings in permafrost intervals]. Vestnik PNIPU. Geologiia. Neftegazovoe  i
gornoe delo, 2014, no. 10, pp. 42–48.

4. Tolkachev G.M. et al. Prigotovlenie sukhikh smesei magnezial'nykh tamponazhnykh materialov v statsionarnykh usloviiakh [Preparation of dry mixtures of magnesia cement materials in stationary conditions]. Geologiia, geofizika i razrabotka neftianykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii, 2008, no. 8, pp. 43–45.

5. Abrameshin A.E., Voronina T.P., Molchanova O.P., Tikhonova E.A., Shle­nov Iu.V. Innovatsionnyi menedzhment [Innovation Management]. Ed. O.P. Molchanova. Moscow, Vita-Press, 2001, 272 p.

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[Management Information Technology]. Kaliningrad, Institut «KVShU», 2005, 140 p.

7. Borodich T.A., Zagudailo A.V. Razrabotka sistemy podderzhki priniatiia reshenii pri upravlenii zapasami organizatsii [Development of a decision support system for organization inventory management]. Tvorcheskoe nasledie A.S. Posnikova i sovremennost', 2015, no. 8, pp. 124–128.

8. Zhavoronkova M.S., Papantseva E.I. Metodologiia, standartizatsiia i sertifikatsiia [Methodology, standardization and certification]. Metodicheskie ukazaniia i zadaniia dlia vypolneniia laboratornykh rabot, 2011, vol. 300, no. 38, p. 143.

9. Chekaldin A.M. Upravlenie proizvodstvennymi zapasami na promyshlennom predpriiatii [Industrial inventory management]. Modern Economy Success, 2017, no. 3, pp. 73–76.

10. Ryzhikov Iu.I. Teoriia ocheredei i upravleniia zapasami [Theory of queues and inventory management]. Saint Petersburg, Piter, 2001, 384 p.

11. Kirpichnikov A.P., Flaks D.B., Galiamova K.N. Sredniaia dlina ocheredi v sisteme massovogo obsluzhivaniia s ogranichennym srednim vremenem prebyvaniia zaiavki v sisteme [The average queue length in a queuing system with a limited average residence time of an application in the system]. Vestnik tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2017, no. 2, vol. 20, pp. 81–84.

12. Kirpichnikov A.P., Fadkhkal Zainab, Titovtsev A.S. Klassicheskaia sistema massovogo obsluzhivaniia (model' M/M/1) [The Classical Queuing System (Model M/M/1)]. Sovremennaia nauka: aktual'nye problemy i puti ikh resheniia, 2015,  no. 3(16), pp. 10–13.

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algorithm of operational inventory management of material resources of manufacturing enterprises based on the cell model]. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriia i praktika, 2014,
no. 42(393), pp. 22–34.

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15. Petrenko A.S., Emykova A.A. Upravlenie zapasami v strategicheskom upravlenii organizatsiei [Inventory management in the strategic management of an organization]. Vestnik sovremennykh issledovanii, 2018, no. 12(27), pp. 352–355.

The feature of neural network modeling of a technological control object with a known regulation function is investigated. The principal distinguishing feature of the methodology of neural network modeling of controlled technological objects is the following. The model of control object consists of the trained neural network that simulates the behavior of a control object, and a controller model that generates control signals. The model of the regulator ensures the operation of the neural network model adequate to the real object, since the neural network was trained in the conditions of the functional dependence of the values of the control action of the controller of a real system on the values of the controlled quantity at the output of the object. The controller model can be identical in structure and parameters to the controller implemented in a real control system, or it is possible to identify a controller model with a known structure from experimental data.

In order to compare these approaches to the construction of a controller model, a study was conducted on data from a natural object - a laboratory setup. The object is a furnace emulator. The furnace emulator is blown with air passing through the constriction device. The object - the furnace emulator is equipped with a temperature controller that generates a control action (change in voltage on the heater). The air supplied for blowing is passed through a worm-pipe placed in a water bath. The temperature of the water bath is changed by adding hot or chilled water.

As a result of the study of two methods of constructing a controller model, which is part of the neural network model of a control object, the correctness of the proposed methods of model building is proved. The preferred method is to build a controller model in accordance with the algorithm implemented in the control system. The identification of the parameters of the controller model can be applied in the case when the transfer function of the controller is not known or simulation of a real controller does not give satisfactory results.

Keywords: neural network modeling, controller model, modeling of controlled objects.

Anna S. Aleksandrova (Perm, Russian Federation) – senior lecturer, Department of equipment and automation of chemical production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: boyarshinovaann@gmail.com).

Aleksandr G. Shumikhin (Perm, Russian Federation) – doctor of technical sciences, professor, Department of equipment and automation of chemical production, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: shumichin@gmail.com).

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19. Gabitov R.F. Mnogomernoe model'no-prediktornoe upravlenie prokalkoi katalizatorov krekinga, osnovannoe na algoritme s interval'noi neopredelennost'iu [Multidimensional Model–Predictive Control for Heating of Cracking Catalysts Based on an Algorithm with Interval Uncertainty]. Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. Ufa, 2012, 19 p.

20. Idrisov I.I. Algoritmy adaptatsii i obespecheniia otkazoustoichivosti sistem upravleniia gazoturbinnymi dvigateliami na osnove neirosetevykh tekhnologii [Adaptation and Fault-Tolerance Algorithms for Control Systems over Gas–Turbine Engines Based on Neural Networks], Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. Ufa, 2009, 19 p.

21. Ivanenko B.P., Prokazov S.A., Parfenov A.N. Neirosetevoe modelirovanie protsessov dobychi nefti [Simulation of the oil production processes using neural networks]. Neftianoe khoziaistvo - Oil Industry, 2003, no. 12, pp. 46–49.

22. Aleksandrova A.S. Metody i modeli identifikatsii i upravleniia ob"ektami khimicheskikh proizvodstv na osnove neirosetevykh modelei [Methods and models of identification and management of chemical production facilities based on neural network mo­dels]. Ph. D. thesis. Perm', 2019, 193 p.

23. Shumikhin A.G., Boiarshinova A.S. Algoritm vybora strukturnykh parametrov iskusstvennoi neironnoi seti i ob"ema obuchaiushchei vyborki pri approksimatsii povedeniia dinamicheskogo ob"ekta [Algorithm for selecting the structural parameters of an artificial neural network and the volume of a training sample in the approximation of the behavior of a dynamic object]. Komp'iuternye issledovaniia i modelirovanie, 2015, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 243–251.

The article analyzes the technological process of installing an atmospheric vacuum tube, which is responsible for the initial processing of oil, in order to obtain fractions used for

subsequent processes and included in its composition, a vacuum-creating system. The quality of the primary oil refining depends on the quality indicators of the final products. The object of study is a barometric capacitor in an atmospheric vacuum tube installation. The information necessary for calculating the technological object of regulation has been collected.

The article analyzes the functioning of the control system, which revealed a problem related to the accuracy of level control in a bar capacitor. The main indicator of the technological process is the level of straight-run diesel fuel in the pressure condenser. Correction is carried out according to an indirect indicator - straight-run diesel fuel consumption at the outlet of the pressure condenser. Currently, the level in the baromcondensor is regulated by a single-circuit regulation system. As a result, a sufficient accuracy of maintaining the level is not ensured.

The article identifies the control object, selects the control loop, calculates the optimal controller settings. A comparison of the quality indicators of the current regulatory system and calculated. The control system is configured on the basis of the DeltaV distributed control system. To develop the algorithm, the languages of the functional blocks FBD and STL were used. A system of program-logical control of pumps, which includes an emergency protection system, has been implemented. For operational control of the regulation loop, mimics have been developed.

Keywords: atmospheric-vacuum tube, vacuum-generating system, barometric capacitor, automated control system, programmable logic controller DeltaV, software, simulation.

Sergey A. Vlasov (Perm, Russian Federation) – assistant Lecturer of the Department of Equipment and automation of chemical production, Perm National
Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: savlasov@pstu.ru).

Yana S. Shamshieva (Perm, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate student, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: yana.shamsh@gmail.com).

1. Akhmetov S.A., Serikov T.P., Kuzeev I.R., Baiazitov M.I. Tekhnologiia i oborudovanie protsessov pererabotki nefti i gaza [Technology and equipment for oil and gas
refining processes]. Saint Petersburg, Nedra, 2006, 868 p.

2. Pichugin A.P. Pererabotka nefti: priamaia peregonka, termicheskii kreking, koksovanie [Oil refining: direct distillation, thermal cracking, coking]. Moscow, Gostoptekhizdat, 1960, 344 p.

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11. Sovetov B.Ia. Modelirovanie sistemy [System modeling]. Moscow, Vysshaia shkola, 2003, 343 p.

12. Kliuev A.S. Naladka sredstv avtomatizatsii i avtomaticheskikh sistem regulirovaniia [Adjustment of automation equipment and automatic regulation systems]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1989, 355 p.

13. Fedotkin I.M. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie tekhnologicheskikh protsessov [Mathematical modeling of technological processes]. Moscow, Librokom, 2011, 416 p.

14. Barlasov B.Z., Il'in V.I. Naladka priborov i sistem avtomatizatsii [Adjustment of devices and automation systems]. Moscow, Vysshaia shkola, 2012, 351 p.

15. Fedorov Iu.N. Spravochnik inzhenera po ASUTP: proektirovanie i razrabotka [Automated process control engineer reference book: design and development]. Moscow, Infra – Inzheneriia, 2008, 928 p.

The features of the technological scheme of the block of greasy gas desulphurization of catalytic cracking and AUTH plants are considered. The shortcomings of the existing scheme due to the complexity and low intensity of the equipment used, as well as its sensitivity to changes in gas and liquid loads are revealed. A variant of hardware design of the process of monoethanolamine gas purification with the use of high-intensity and reliable in operation devices with a movable annular nozzle is proposed. In connection with the limited information on the operation of devices with the use of annular nozzles, an experimental study of some hydrodynamic characteristics of the device with a movable nozzle made of polymer rings is undertaken: the hydraulic resistance of the layer, the rate of developed fluidization and the coefficient of expansion of the layer. The scheme of the laboratory setup for the study of hydrodynamics of Academy of pedagogical Sciences. The work was carried out using both the traditional one-factor experiment and the method of mathematical planning of the experiment. Gas velocity, irrigation density, free cross-section of the support-distribution grid, as well as the static height of the nozzle layer were considered as factors influencing the operation of the APN. The presence of three hydrodynamic modes of APN operation is established: initial, intermediate and developed fluidization. As a result of statistical processing of the results of the experiment, criterion equations for calculating the rate of developed fluidization and the coefficient of expansion of the layer are obtained.

The possibility of significant intensification of the process and simplification of the technological scheme is shown.

Keywords: hardware design, mobile nozzle, developed fluidization, hydraulic resistance, monoethanolamine purification.

Denis A. Ivantsov (Perm, Russian Federation) – Undergraduate student of the Department "Equipment and automation of chemical production", Perm national research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990,  e-mail: ivancov.ongp14@mail.ru).

Alexander G. Hludenev (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in technical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department "Equipment and automation of chemical production", Perm national research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, e-mail: hludenev46@yandex.ru).

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The refined calculation in the simulation of recuperative heat exchangers using spline interpolation is considered. Both direct (constructive) and reverse (verification) calculations of heat exchangers are considered. The calculations used averaged over the length of the apparatus temperature values and a number of parameters of the thermal properties of water - the average heat capacity, average density, viscosity, etc., including heat transfer coefficients.

The countercurrent, as the most effective, scheme of movement of heat fluids is chosen. It is preferable to direct flow, as it allows to obtain a larger average temperature head and thus reduce the required heat exchange surface area. Computer calculation cycles are repeated until the required precision of convergence of the results is obtained.

Calculations are complicated by the fact that at each stage of the cycle, when the temperature changes, the values of the thermophysical properties of the heat carriers must be calculated again. For performing the computer-aided analysis of heat exchangers is proposed to be paid on each cycle of the iterative calculation, the correction values of thermophysical properties of fluids by the method of spline interpolation in Mathcad using tabular data dependency of the Prandtl number for the treated medium temperature. The paper presents a specific example of calculation for water-water recuperative heat exchanger in Mathcad.

Keywords: modeling of heat exchange, recuperative heat exchange, refined iterative calculation, spline interpolation in Mathcad.

German I. Efremov (Moscow, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of construction of the Moscow University of Finance and Law (MFUA) (1A, Vvedensky st., Moscow, 117342, e-mail: efremov_german@mail.ru).

Valery I. Martynenko (Moscow, Russian Federation) – Director of production of LLC "Pharmsystems" (1, b. 1, Promyshlennyy proezd, s. Besedi, Leninskiy r-n, Moscow region, 142715, e-mail: valeriy.martynenko@pharmsystems.ru).

1. Borovko V.M., Kaliutik A.A., Sergeev V.V. Teplotekhnicheskoe oborudovanie [Heat engineering equipment]. 2nd ed. Moscow, Izdatel'skii tsentr «Akademiia», 2013, 192 p.

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For the first time the most complete set of effects and features of behavior of binary and multicomponent metal melts in capillaries and casting forms which cannot be explained on the basis of the existing representations and theories of a liquid state is presented, and need careful experimental and theoretical study at development of the theory of a state of liquids. The most difficult to understand are the following: (1) - when stratifying in the capillary, the limit difference in concentrations at the ends of the capillary is eventually established. It follows from this that due to the steady concentration gradient in the capillary, a reverse diffusion flux of atoms occurs, but the process of direct stratification returns the system to its original state. Since diffusion in the presence of a concentration gradient cannot come to a stop, both processes generally become non-stop. In other words, they are both non-dissipative, and based on boson transfer; (2)- the melt components demonstrate the ability to overcome the potential barrier, after which the transfer of atoms acquires the character of a surface flow significantly exceeding the intensity of the parallel diffusion transfer process. A similar phenomenon is characteristic of superfluid helium at "potential flow". (3) - the concentration of components along the radius of the capillary has the form of a stable wave-like distribution. Its preservation after the establishment of constant differential concentrations along the length of the capillary, while stratification can only be explained by the occurrence of continuous non-stop processes of mass transfer in the melt volume along and across the capillary, which in isothermal conditions.

Keywords: stratification of the melts, the stratification in the capillaries, non-stop process, non-dissipative process, superfluid flow, potential flow.

Nikolai P. Uglev (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical technologies, Perm national research polytechnic university (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: ouglev@mail.ru).

Uglev Sergei Nikolaevich (Perm, Russian Federation) – General Director, “Information Technologies-Volga region”, LLC (47, Kuibyshev str., Perm, 614016, e-mail: suglev@gmail.com).

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Industrial tests of cast mica-crystalline fluoroflogopite-type lining material are necessary to identify features of wear and destruction of products, as well as identify the most vulnerable structural elements in order to take them into account when adjusting production technology before industrial introduction. As a result of industrial tests, it has been established that the use of a lining of molded mica-crystalline fluoroflogopite type material in magnesium electrolyzers is advisable. Analysis of the observed damage showed that the gradual deformation of the dividing wall, its buckling towards the precast cell, leads to wear of the protection in the first place. This caused the appearance of a longitudinal fracture in the center of the lower stones, which takes place in the electrolyzer under consideration. This affected the state of the surface of the elements of the overflow channels. They lacked large and shallow surface porosity, shells. This was also facilitated by the fact that in the electrolyzer the upper edge of the cathodes was 50 mm below the level of the overflow channel. It can be assumed that in this case no metallic magnesium ignited.

The state and performance of parts made of mica-crystalline material are affected by the process of slimeing of individual sections of the electrolyzer. As it was possible to establish, the products in this case do not work in identical conditions, and their resistance differs from the castings that are in areas of intensive electrolyte circulation.

It is revealed that the existing design of refractory products of magnesium electrolyzers corresponds to a new material for their manufacture - molded fluorite-fluorite-type mica-crystalline materials. The condition of products made of cast mica-crystalline material, which have been working in the most critical units of the magnesium electrolyzer for 30 months on carnallite raw materials, allows us to conclude that the material based on cast mica-crystal material and belt channel component, back wall protection, corner protection baths from this material, under the conditions of electrolysis of magnesium are quite efficient, providing the specified durability and operational durability of the apparatus pain th power unit.

Keywords: magnesium electrolysis, refractories, electrolyzer, lining, fluoroflogopite, mica-crystalline materials, industrial tests, flow channel, electrolyzer without diaphragm, carnallite.

Anna M. Ignatova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, leading researcher, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990; e-mail: iampstu@gmail.com).

Maxim V. Yudin (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate student, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990).

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